Lapho kukhulunywa ngaleli hlelo elisha, ukunqwabelana kwezindlu, kubhekiswa ku- a umkhuba emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngalokho, noma yimuphi umuntu angafinyelela isitini kusuka kumnikelo omncane wezezimali. Ngochungechunge lwe amaphrojekthi wangempela lokho kwakha amapulatifomu athile aphethe ukuwasebenzisa. Empeleni kumayelana nokutshala imali emkhakheni wezezakhiwo, kepha ngomehluko wokungayi ezimakethe zezezimali. Hhayi kancane ngokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya kule ngxenye yobungcweti. Kunoma ikuphi, kungumqondo omusha onganikeza imbuyiselo eduze kwe-15%.
Lokhu kutshalwa kwemali kukhuliswa ngumzuzu omuhle umkhakha wezokwakha odlula kuwo eSpain, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emininingwaneni yakamuva enikezwe kulo mkhakha. Ngoba impela, inani le- imisebenzi yokuthenga nokuthengisa lenyukile ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula. Ngomsebenzi omkhulu emisebenzini eyenziwe nokwenyuka kwentengo yamafulethi. Kokubili maqondana nokwakhiwa okusha nokuqashwa.
Izinhlokodolobha namadolobha amakhulu kuholele ekukhuleni kwamanani ezindlu eSpain ngo-2017, ngokunyuka konyaka nonyaka ngama-7,5% ngoDisemba, uma kuqhathaniswa no-4,5% wesilinganiso sikazwelonke, ngokusho kwezibalo zanyanga zonke ze-IMIE General neGrandes Mercados, ezilungiselelwe yinkampani yokulinganiswa kwezindlu nezeluleko i-Tinsa. Amanani asekhaya aseMedian ahlala emazingeni kaNovemba 2013, ngokuncipha okwenyuka ngama-38,6% kusukela ngo-2007. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yisikhathi esihle sokubuyela esitini njengenye indlela yokutshala imali.
Ukuqoqwa kwezindlu nezakhiwo, kuyini?
Lolu hlelo olusha lokutshala imali luqhutshwa yintshisekelo yomsebenzisi emkhakheni wezitini. Ngokusebenzisa isu eliphindwe kabili ohlangothini lwama-ejenti amabili abamba iqhaza kule nqubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amapulatifomu ukuthi banezimali ukuya kulawa maphrojekthi wezezakhiwo ngaphandle kokuya ezikhungweni zezikweletu. Bazoba nokonga okukhulu kulo mqondo ngokukhokha inzalo encane yesikweletu abazokwabela le miklamo. Njengomphumela walo mkhuba, basesimweni sokuzinikela kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene alezi zici.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abatshalizimali abancane abangenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo enkulu kunalokho okunikezwa yimikhiqizo eyahlukene yezezimali. Akumangalisi ukuthi imingcele yenzuzo iyasungulwa phakathi kuka-2,50% no-14% cishe. Kunoma ikuphi, ngenzalo ephakeme kunaleyo enikezwa amamodeli asebhange (imali yesikhathi, ama-akhawunti wemali ephezulu, amanothi ezethembiso zebhange, njll.). Kuzo zonke izimo ezinembuyiselo ezingadluli kumazinga ayi-1%. Njengomphumela wemali eshibhile yi-European Central Bank (ECB).
Ngamamajini aphezulu kunamasheya
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo kudlula inzuzo etholwe yi- imali engenayo. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu tshalo-mali aludluli ezikhathini ezihamba phambili ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezimakethe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezimali ezimweni eziningi. Ngalo mqondo, kungakhohlwa ukuthi inkomba ekhethiwe yezimali zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, yathakaselwa ngonyaka owedlule ngama-8%, kanti amabenchmark amaningi aseYurophu enza kanjalo cishe nge-13%. Ngalo mqondo, kusukela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-real estate crowdlending, la ma-margins angathuthukiswa ngisho.
Kunoma ikuphi, ukubuya kulokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okusha kuncike entengo yendlu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngakho-ke kungu-a inzuzo yonyaka ngoba ngeke kuhlale kufana kuyo yonke iminyaka. Ngamanye amagama, ezimweni zokwanda ekwakhiweni, kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu omholo. Ngenkathi ngezikhathi ezibucayi intshisekelo yakho ingawela kumama amancane, cishe 1% noma 2%. Ngalo mqondo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ukuthi uzotshala nini kulezi zinhlelo zempahla. Ngoba kungenziwa umehluko ofanele kakhulu wenzuzo.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukutshalwa kwemali?
Uma unentshisekelo yokutshala imali yakho kulesigaba samapulatifomu wezezakhiwo, ngeke ube nokunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi inqubo yokumaketha iyini. Okokuqala amapulatifomu e-real estate aphethe ukukhangisa kwabantu abaningi akhangisa amaphrojekthi abo ngamakhasi abo e-web. Lapho yonke i- izici zephrojekthi ngayinye. Ukusuka kokuhlukile kwayo kuye kwinzuzo engatholakala. Ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ubude bephrojekthi abazoyenza ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Uma iphrojekthi ikuheha, kufanele utshale imali kuyo. Uzoba nesikhathi sesikhathi nokuthi ekugcineni kwaso uzokwazi ukubuyisa utshalomali kanye nenzalo ehambisanayo. Akucatshangwa awekho amakhomishini anomusa noma ezinye izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni. Kunoma ikuphi, inani lephrojekthi kungenzeka ukuthi selivele limboziwe ngokubambisana kwabanye abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abasesimweni esifanayo nawe.
Ulwazi olusobala
Okunye ukungabaza okukhulu okulethwa yilolu tshalomali olukhethekile phakathi kwabatshali bezimali abangaba khona ukuthi lolu hlelo lwe imali yokonga iphephe ngokuphelele. Yebo, ukuqinisekisa lesi sici, awunaso esinye isixazululo ngaphandle kokuqoqa lolu lwazi ngeKhomishini Kazwelonke Yemakethe Yezokuphepha (CNM). Akumangalisi ukuthi lezi zinkundla zokubambisana kumele zithumele yonke imininingwane yazo kumzimba olawulayo waseSpain. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenze kuphela nezinkampani ezibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Uma kungenjalo, kungcono uyeke ukufeza inhloso yakho yokutshala imali kulezi zinhlelo zempahla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyiqiniso ukuthi okwamanje akukho ukutholakala okuqinile kwalezi zingxenyekazi ekunikezelweni kwezezindlu kwamanje. Kepha okungenani, uma uthanda ukwanelisa lesi sidingo esikhethekile ongasisingatha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sempilo yakho. Zigxile ikakhulu ezindlwini ezinkulu zesizwe. Njengesibonelo, emadolobheni afana IMadrid neBarcelona ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Ngoba kunjalo kulezo zindawo lapho amaphrojekthi athuthukiswa khona kusuka manje uzoba ngumtshali-zimali oyedwa.
Ukusebenza ekusebenzeni
Kunoma ikuphi, okuzokuthakazelisa kakhulu inzalo ongayithola ngokwenza le misebenzi emkhakheni wezezakhiwo. Bahamba ngaphansi komugqa oguquguqukayo kakhulu ongakwazi finyelela ku-15%. Isizathu esingaphezu kokukholwayo sokuthi wamukele noma yiziphi zalezi ziphakamiso ezinikezwa yizinkundla ezibizwa ngokubambisana. Yize kufanele futhi ubheke umnqamulajuqu wokusebenza. Ngoba empeleni, kungaba kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana lapho uzodinga ukuthola umvuzo wakho ofanele.
Kuzoba yisithakazelo ozosithola lapho i- ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwephrojekthi ukuthi ukhethe. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, azikho izimbuyiselo ezilinganayo ngayinye yazo. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, zinikezwa ngokusebenza okuhlukile, ngokuya ngezici zazo. Lapho okunye okubaluleke kakhulu isimo sempahla ngoba kuzoncika kulesi sici ukuthi singaba nentshisekelo enkulu noma encane.
Izimali okufanele zikhokhwe
Uma okuthile okuchaza ukuqoqwa kwempahla ingcebo kungenxa yokuthi ungatshala imali kuyo ama-euro angama-50 kuphela. Yenzelwe, ngakho-ke, kuyo yonke iminotho yasekhaya futhi njengomehluko omkhulu maqondana nemikhiqizo ejwayelekile yezezimali. Njengomphumela walo mnikelo, awudingi ukwenza imizamo emikhulu yezezimali yokutshala imali kula maphrojekthi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, inomkhawulo omkhulu ongeke weqe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Cishe i-10.000 euros yephrojekthi ngayinye enikezwe yona. Mhlawumbe kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu okufanele ukwamukele izimo zabo: ngamanani alinganiselwe kakhulu kunoma yimaphi amacala.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungakhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaphrojekthi wezezakhiwo. Kokubili kulokho okubhekisela ekutholakaleni kwezakhiwo, kanye nemodi yokuqasha. Ngokuya ngokuncamelayo kulo mkhakha obalulekile wezomnotho waseSpain. Kunoma ikuphi, iminikelo yakho yezezimali kufanele ivele kwi-akhawunti yakho ejwayelekile yasebhange. Njengembuyiselo oyothola lapho kuphela imigomo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazonqunyelwa umkhawulo ngaphambi kokuba usayine ukusebenza ngeplatifomu yokusebenzisana.
Izingozi zokusebenza
Isici esisodwa okufanele usicabangele kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuthi le misebenzi ayinabo ubungozi. Ngalo mqondo, omunye wabasolwa kakhulu ukuthi akekho ayikho inzalo engaguquki akunakuqinisekiswa ngisho kwasekuqaleni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lokhu kungukuhweba okwenziwa yimithetho yemakethe. Ngokuxoshwa okunamandla kakhulu kuzintshisekelo ezingakunika zona futhi kuzoya ngomzuzu lapho wenza khona lo msebenzi. Lapho ithuba kuzoba yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela izintshisekelo zakho, ngoba umehluko ungaba ngaphezu kuka-20%. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukhethe isimo esifanelekile ukwenza lolu tshalomali lube semthethweni.