I-Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) kanye nabalingani bayo njengeRussia noma iMexico bavumelene eVienna ukuthi bahoxise imiphongolo engama-500.000 ngosuku kawoyela ongahluziwe emakethe kusukela ngoJanuwari olandelayo, ngaphezu kokunqunywa 1,2 million ngenani lemigqomo ngosuku okuqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2019, XNUMX. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyimizamo yokugcina amanani entengo nokuvikela ukunikezwa okweqile ukuthi kungaphinde kwenziwe ezinyangeni ezizayo. Kuthinta intengo yamasheya ezinkampani zikawoyela ezisohlwini lwezimakethe zokulingana emhlabeni wonke.
Ngokwesimo esijwayelekile lapho izindaba zigqama khona ukuthi inkampani kawoyela yombuso i-Aramcom isiqalile ukubala ku-stock exchange yaseSaudi Arabia. Lapho yenziwa khona njenge ukuthengiswa okukhulu kakhulu komphakathi kwamasheya (i-IPO) emlandweni. Lapho ingxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bayazi ngokuvela kwabo ezimakethe zezimali ngenhloso yokuthatha izikhundla kunani ukuzama ukwenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo kusuka manje. Noma kusemakethe yamasheya abangajwayele ukuhweba ngenqwaba yezizathu.
Kungaba yindawo lapho kuvulwa khona izikhundla, kepha kucatshangwe ukuthi ubungozi buphakeme kunesinye isigaba sezimpahla zezimali. Ngoba u-oyela ongahluziwe uvezwa izindaba ezizokhiqizwa kusuka manje ngoba izwela kakhulu kukho konke okuvunyelwe ukukhuthaza noma ukubambezela umkhiqizo wakho. Lapho kunamazwe ambalwa kakhulu athatha izinyathelo ekunikezelweni kukawoyela ongahluziwe emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwenza ukungazinzi okuphezulu kwamanani abo kwenziwa futhi okungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi inzuzo enkulu noma ukulahleka kwemali kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Njengoba kwenzeka ngezikhathi zokugcina ezikweleni zomhlaba wonke.
Uwoyela: ungazivula kanjani izikhundla?
Inkinga enkulu ongaba nayo ukuthi ungazithatha kanjani izikhundla kule mpahla yezezimali ebalulekile. Emakethe yamasheya kazwelonke unezinketho ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi zonke zingena kwizikhundla zeRepsol. Kuyinani lemakethe yamasheya elinconywa kakhulu ngabahlaziyi abafanele kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Ngenani elibhekiswe entengo elihamba phambili phakathi kwama-16 nama-18 euros Isabelo ngasinye ngakho-ke sinokulinganisela okulinganiselwa kokubuyekezwa okungaba ngu-13% ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukubheja okunolaka ukwedlula konke okunye ngoba kuncike kakhulu enanini lentengo engahluziwe ezimakethe zezezimali.
Enye yezinto ezijwayele ukwenzeka kwayo ukungazethembi kwayo okukhulu ngoba imvamisa iveza ukwehluka ngamanani ayo afinyelela ku-4% noma nangamaphesenti aphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kungukuvikela okusabalalisa enye yezinzuzo ezinenzuzo enkulu kunkomba ekhethiwe yamasheya kazwelonke, i Ibex 35. Ngezinga lenzalo elingaphezu kuka-6% ngokukhokha okungaguquguquki futhi okuqinisekisiwe njalo ngonyaka, noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezimali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, kube nokushintshana okuzinzile kokonga okwenzelwe isikhathi esimaphakathi futhi ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside. Njengendlela yokusungula yokubhalisa izikhundla zakho kusukela manje kuye ekulimaleni kwamanye amasu okutshala imali.
Izimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika
Kunoma ikuphi, inketho engcono kakhulu yokukhetha izikhundla kule mpahla yezezimali ukuya ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, okuyilapho izinkampani zikawoyela ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zimelwe kahle khona. Ngamanani afanele kakhulu kuma-indices abo futhi abonisa kahle kakhulu i- ukubaluleka kwegolide elimnyama ezimakethe zamasheya kusukela manje. Lapho izimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika ezithatha kahle lo mkhuba futhi ezizodinga umzamo omkhulu wemali ngokwethula amakhomishini adinga kakhulu kunezimakethe zezimali zikazwelonke. Cishe amaphuzu amaphesenti ambalwa ngokuqhathaniswa nalesi sakamuva.
Kunoma ikuphi, zingamasheya aqinile ezimakethe emhlabeni jikelele. Kufika eqophelweni lokuthi bathonye ingxenye enkulu yezinkomba ezikhethiwe zezimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi ziphakamiso ezimakethe zamasheya zincike kokungenzeka entweni kawoyela ongahluziwe ezimakethe zezimali. Futhi kuzo zonke izimo, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthatha izikhundla kule mpahla yezezimali efanele ekhombisa umnotho wamazwe aphambili emhlabeni. Kufika ezingeni lokuthi zingaba nenzuzo enkulu uma isimilo sithandeka kakhulu kwizinhloso zakho zebhizinisi.
Bhalisela izimali zokutshala imali
Enye yezinketho ezinenzuzo kakhulu ezingasetshenziswa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukususwa kwezimali zokutshala imali ezincike kulokhu okubalulekile okuluhlaza. Vele, aziziningi, kepha okungenani zimboza okufunwa ngabatshalizimali abathengisa ngomkhiqizo wezezimali njengesici esinjengalesi ikakhulukazi. Yize icabanga amakhomishini adinga kakhulu kunokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya. Kufike ezingeni lokuthi ingakwazi finyelela ku-3% wenani elitshaliwe. Futhi ukuthi ingahlanganiswa nezinye izimpahla zezezimali, zombili kusukela ekubukeni kwamasheya nemali engenayo engaguquki noma ngisho nakwezinye izinhlobo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokutshala imali zalezi zici zihlukaniswa zazo volatili eqinileekuguqukeni kwamanani ezokuphepha kwabo. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ukwehluka kwawo okukhulu kuvumela ukuvikelwa okungcono kokonga uma kwenzeka isimo esibi kakhulu sezimakethe zezimali. Futhi lokho, ngemuva kwakho konke, enye yezinhloso ezisheshayo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Lapho kungahle kube khona ukwehla okukhulu kwamanani entengo yesikhathi ngasinye sokuhweba futhi lokho kuholele ekungqubuzaneni okuthile kumasu okutshala imali kusuka manje kuqhubeke.
Ama-ETF asekelwe ongahluziwe
Lo ngumkhiqizo ohlanganisa izimali ezihlanganyelwe zendabuko nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya. Lapho, abaphathi abehlukene baklama imikhiqizo emisha yokutshala imali ukuze bakwazi bhaliswa nganoma yisiphi isilondolozi futhi, obe kungenakubhaliswa ngenye imikhiqizo yokutshala imali. Ukutholakala kwale mikhiqizo yezezimali akuhambelani nokuphepha, ngoba eminye yayo isuselwe emikhakheni noma emazweni asafufusa inzuzo yawo incike kumjikelezo wezomnotho abhekene nawo futhi, ongamela ukubheja okugcwala ubungozi kubatshali zimali.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu sihlala eqinisweni lokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana no-oyela ongahluziwe ngomunye wemikhakha lapho umnikelo wakamuva wezimali zohlu lokutshalwa kwezimali noma ama-ETF enzelwe wona futhi, ezimweni eziningi, kwenziwe ukuvuselela isiphakamiso esivele sikhona emakethe yezimali. Ngalo mqondo, lo mkhiqizo ohloselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali kunalokho wenzelwe isikhathi esifushane futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke isikhathi esimaphakathi futhi ngokungafani nezimali zendabuko zokutshala imali zesikhathi eside. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zimali ezithengiswa ngokushintshana zifaka amakhomishini athengeka kakhulu kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Ezimweni eziningi, ungeqi amazinga ka-1,50% enanini elitshaliwe ngokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa nge-ETFs.
Ngohlobo lokunikezwayo olungabanzi njengakwelinye utshalomali futhi olusekelwe, hhayi ezinkampanini zikawoyela, kepha ngokuphambene nokukhiqizwa kwazo. Kulokhu, ukuthatha izikhundla kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe eminyakeni yamuva. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, kungaba inketho ethakazelisa kakhulu yokutshala imali ngegolide elimnyama ezinsukwini noma ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngokombono wokutshalwa kwemali ohluke kakhulu kuwo wonke amaphuzu wokubuka nanjengelinye lamasu ongawakhetha. Ngezinga ongaphendula ngalo mbuzo: Ngabe izimali zingakhetha okungcono kakhulu ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo?
Umgqomo ozungeze ama-dollar angama-65
Izimakethe zeBrent nazo zikhuphuke kancane phakathi nezikhathi zokugcina zokuhweba, kepha zona zihlushwa isilinganiso sokuhamba esichazayo (i-EMA ngesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi) ezinsukwini ezingama-200. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinga eliku- $ 65 umgqomo ngaphezulu linikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu njengoba kuyingxenye engenhla yendawo yokuhlanganisa. Njengamanje kunengozi enkulu kakhulu yokwehla kunokunyuka, kepha khumbula ukuthi izimakethe zizoqhubeka nokusabela ezindabeni ngokungazethembi okukhulu, ikakhulukazi lokho i-OPEC enquma ngakho eVienna nakwezinye izindaba ezigcina lo mkhakha.