Eminye yemikhakha yemakethe yamasheya engathola ukusebenza okubi kakhulu kulo msebenzi esivele siwuqalile yile kagesi. Lapho izinkampani ezifana ne-Endesa, Gas Natural, Iberdrola, Red Eléctrica Española noma ne-Enagás zimelwe khona. Zonke zifakiwe kunkomba ekhethiwe yama-equities kazwelonke, i- Ibex 35. Ngokukalwa okubaluleke kakhulu kuqhathaniswa namanye amanani alo mthombo oyisithenjwa wokunye kokuhwebelana kwesitoko okubaluleke kakhulu kumongo waseYurophu. Ngomthamo ophakeme kakhulu wokuthola izinkontileka nsuku zonke lapho imisebenzi eminingi yokuthenga nokuthengiswa kwamasheya ihlangana khona.
Ngonyaka odlule, umkhakha kagesi ubungomunye wemisebenzi ehamba phambili ekukhetheni iSpain. Ngamanani ayenentengo ngaphezu kwamadijithi amabili, njengamacala athile we-Endesa, Gas Natural ne-Iberdrola. Ngokwengezwa kwalezi ezinye zezinkampani ezibalulwe ezihambise izabelo ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwabaninimasheya. Ngenzuzo yalokhu umholo ongaphezu kuka-5% enye ephezulu kakhulu ye-Ibex 35. Yize kulo nyaka izobona ushintsho oluncane ekusatshalalisweni.
Kunoma ikuphi, futhi njengoba abahlaziyi abaningi bezezimali beveza, amanani entengo yamasheya womkhakha kagesi ayabiza kancane ngemuva kokubuyekezwa ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili zokugcina zokuhweba. Kuyakhathaza ezimweni eziningi indlela ye- amandla aphezulu abakwethule kwaze kwaba embalwa edlule. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi ezinye zazo sezivele zingaphezulu kwazo, nezintengo zamanje ezimakethe zezimali. Ngalesi simo, akumangazi ukuthi ingxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abalingwa ukuba bangene ezikhundleni zabo zamanje.
Ugesi: ukulungiswa okubonakalayo
Ngokunikezwa kokubuyekezwa kwalesi sigaba sezinkampani, kucishe kube nesiqiniseko sokuthi bazokwehla kakhulu emananini abo kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Lapho ingcindezi yokuthengisa ingafakwa kalula kubathengi, njengoba kukhonjiswa ngezikhathi zokuqala zokuhweba zalo nyaka omusha. Yize manje into ebaluleke kakhulu kuzoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufinyelela kumaphi amazinga behlise izikhundla zabo ezimakethe zezimali. Ngemuva kokuthi amanani alo mkhakha kagesi esezimweni zonke abe sekukhanyeni okucacile nokwehlukanisayo, kukhuthazwe ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuhweba odlule.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakulibaleka ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yalezi zivikeleko ithengisa ngokukhuluphala okucacile ngamanani azo. Lesi sici sisebenza sisho ukuthi kusukela manje abanakho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuya phansi, behle futhi baqhubeke nokuya phansi. Ngaphandle kokuthi kunesimo esikhetheke kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Hhayi kuphela kufayela le- izimakethe zezwe, kodwa nakulabo abavela emingceleni yethu. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka eyisisekelo.
Yehlisa amanani entengo
Esinye isici esithinta lokhu kuncishiswa ngamanani kagesi ngokungangabazeki ukubuyekeza okuphansi okwenziwe ngabenzeli abakhulu bezezimali. Okuthile okungenayo indawo okuzothinta la magugu esibhekene nawo kule ndatshana futhi abhekisele emkhakheni kagesi obalulekile wezimali zikazwelonke. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlakanipha nokuqapha kufanele kube ngesinye sezici ezijwayelekile zezenzo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Okuthile okudonsela phansi umthetho wokuhlinzeka nokufunwa zalezi zinkampani zihlaziyiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esinye isici okuzofanele ukuthi sihlolwe kusukela manje ukuthi i indlela abanayo phambili kulo nyaka okhona, uma ukhona, kuncane kakhulu. Ukufika lapho abatshalizimali ezimakethe zaseSpain banokuningi okumele bakulahle kunokukhokha. Ngenkathi enye ingxenye, kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi
Ukulawulwa komkhakha kagesi
Vele, kungenye yeziteshi zolwazi okufanele uzinakekele ngalezi zikhathi eziqondile ukuthi umphathi kazwelonke ucabanga ukunikeza umthetho omusha enkonzweni kagesi ngenhloso yokuthi yehlisa amanani yalomhlomulo wasekhaya. Kunoma ikuphi, abahlaziyi bezezimali besaba ukuthi lesi sinyathelo ngeke samukelwe kahle ukuphepha komkhakha okungalungisa amanani abo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwehle kulo nyaka omusha wokuhweba. Ikakhulu, uma kunikezwe ushintsho lokulawula lapho kubhekwa khona okuguquguqukayo okusha okungazizuzisi lezi zinkampani ezibalwe.
Ngalo mqondo, umbono wezinkampani zikagesi awuthembisi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngokusikwa okungathi sína emkhakheni okungaholela ekutheni amasheya abo alahlekelwe cishe ngama-10% noma ngaphezulu kokulinganisa kwawo kwamanje. Lesi simo, kunjalo, siyabonakala esikhathini esifushane. Enye into ehluke kakhulu yilokho okungenzeka esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside lapho amathemba okukhula ezinze kakhudlwana, ikakhulukazi kulezo zinkampani ezisemkhakheni ezinamazinga aphansi ezikweletu.
Zisebenza njengenani lesiphephelo
Futhi akufanele ukhohlwe kulezi zikhathi ukuthi, njengephuzu elihle, lesi sigaba samanani ngokwesiko sisebenzisa indima ye- amanani okuphephela ngezikhathi zokungazinzi okukhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Yebo, ukube lokhu bekuyisimo esethulwe yimakethe yamasheya ngonyaka we-2019, kungenzeka ukuthi ekugcineni ukuvela kwayo ngeke kube kubi ngokuphelele, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngabahlaziyi abaningi bezezimali. Ngesizathu esilula njengokuthi lawa manani asebenza kangcono kunezinye kulezi zikhathi zokwehla emakethe yamasheya.
Ngezinsuku zokugcina zanyakenye, uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi bekuvame kangakanani ukuthi lapho inkomba ekhethiwe yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain iwa, la manani kagesi akhuphuka ngokulinganisa kwawo futhi ngokufanayo. Ekunyakazeni kuya ngokulingana ngokuphelele namandla we-ups noma ama-downs. Hhayi ngeze, bahambe kancane ngokumelene yamanje kunezinkomba eziyinhloko zamanani ezimakiwe. Ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe futhi ngombono oyisisekelo. Njengolunye lwezimpawu zalo zobunikazi, ezaziwa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Isivuno sesabelo esiphakeme
Esinye isici salokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphepha komkhakha kagesi ukuthi banikela ngenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu kubaninimasheya nangaphezulu kwalokhu okwenziwe eminye imikhakha yamasheya aseSpain. Ngenzalo evula imfoloko leyo kusuka ku-4% kuye ku-7% okuyiyo enikezwa yinkampani i-Endesa okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindaba ezimbi kubatshali zimali abancane nabaphakathi nonyaka ukuthi izinzuzo zizoncishiswa ngenxa yamasu asetshenziswa izinkampani. Lesi sici esibalulekile singakudikibalisa ukungena kwabatshalizimali abasha ezinkampanini.
Esinye salezi zibonelo senziwe yinkampani ye-Endesa eyamemezela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi Uzokwabela kuphela i-80% yenzuzo yakho kulo mholo wabaninimasheya. Lapho kuze kube manje ibisiphelele, okungukuthi, i-100%. Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kungalukala uhlolo lwalo kulo nyaka futhi kubonakala ukuthi luzokhombisa lesi silinganiso ngezinga elikhulu noma elincanyana futhi kuya ngokunye okuguquguqukayo okuvela ezimakethe zezimali. Ngezinga elifanayo nezinye izinkampani kulo mkhakha njengeRed Eléctrica.
Izinzuzo ezingaphansi kusukela ngo-2021
Abakwa-Endesa bamemezele ukuqukatha inqubomgomo yemihlomulo yenkampani kusukela ngo-2021 ukuqinisa inqubomgomo yayo yokukhula nokusebenzisa amathuba avulwe yinkampani. ukuguqulwa kwamandla enkampanini. Inkampani yamandla imemezele eMilan ukwehliswa kwemali ekhokhelwayo - ingxenye yenzuzo yonyaka eyaba phakathi kwabaninimasheya - kusuka ku-100% kuya ku-80% ngo-2021, yize izokwaba yonke inzuzo yayo eminyakeni emibili ezayo kanye nesamba esingu-5.900 million eminyakeni emine ezayo.
Ngale ndlela, inkampani ehamba phambili kagesi yaseSpain ngenani lamakhasimende izolungisa inqubomgomo yayo yezabelo kumarekhodi ezinkampani ezifanayo ezifana Iberdrola noma i-Naturgy, nge-'payout 'esondele ku-70% ngo-2017. Amasheya enkampani ahweba ngokuncipha okungaphezulu kuka-2% uma kuqhathaniswa nangoLwesibili. "Kumele ngikugcizelele ukuthi inqubomgomo yezabelo ze-Endesa iyaqhubeka nokuba ngenye yezinto eziheha kakhulu kulo mkhakha," kusho isikhulu sayo, uJosé Bogas, emhlanganweni nabahlaziyi.
I-Endesa ilindele ukuthi inzuzo yayo yonke ikhule ngama-7% ngokwesilinganiso sonyaka esikhathini se-2018-2021, ifinyelela ku-1.800 wezigidi zama-euro ngonyaka odlule, ngokusho kokuvuselelwa kohlelo lwayo lwamasu. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2021 ihlela ukunciphisa inzuzo eyenzelwe isabelo kusuka ku-100% kuya ku-80%, ngokwemininingwane ethunyelwe kwiNational Securities Market Commission (CNMV). Inkampani yamandla ilungisa inqubomgomo entsha ekusekeleni okukhulu "iphrofayili entsha yokukhula kwenkampani".