Ubuphekula busongela imakethe yamasheya ngo-2017

Selokhu kwaqala ukuhlaselwa kwamaSulumane eTwin Towers eNew York ngoSepthemba 11, 2006, ubuphekula sebungomunye wosongo olukhulu ezimakethe zamasheya emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuphahlazeka kwamanani ngalolo suku kusheshe. IFrankfurt yehle ngaphezu kuka-9% ngemizuzu embalwa, kanti iMilan ikwenze ngo-7,40%, eParis ngo-7,39%, eLondon ngo-5,72% kwathi iMadrid yalahlekelwa ngu-4,64%. Kuzo zonke, ukwethuka bekungobukhulu obungaziwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi imakethe yase-United States kufanele vala izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kusukela lapho, izimakethe zokulingana emhlabeni wonke zesaba kakhulu ngemuva kokuhlaselwa ngesihluku kwamaphekula enhlokodolobha yezimali yomhlaba. Kusukela ngalolo suku, ukuhlasela kwamaphekula kwamaSulumane kuphinde kwenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zejografi yamazwe omhlaba: IMadrid, iLondon, iParis noma iBrussels. Ukusabela kwezimakethe zezimali bekulokhu kufana. Ukuwa okujwayelekile kanye nokwesaba okuthile emakethe yamasheya phakathi kwabathengi phakathi namahora okuqala okuhweba.

Njengomphumela walesi simo esisha samazwe omhlaba, ubuphekula bamaSulumane sebungokunye kokukhathazeka kokuqala kwabatshalizimali emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezulu kwemiphumela yebhizinisi yezinkampani, idatha ye-macroeconomic noma ngisho nezimpawu zobuthakathaka ezikhiqizwa eminye yeminotho emikhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kuboniswa ukusabela kwezimakethe kokunye noma kokunye izimo. Njalo lapho kwenzeka enye yalezi zehlakalo, izimakethe zamasheya zaseYurophu zivame ukwehla cishe 2,50% ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokushintshashintsha kwentengo yayo ephinda kabili leli phesenti ngesikhathi esithile eseshini yokuhweba.

Imikhakha esengozini enkulu yobuphekula

Vele, umthelela odalwe yilokhu kuhlasela awufani ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zamasheya. Abanye basengozini kakhulu kunabanye. Kuze kube ukuwa kwabo kuphindwe kabili noma kathathu kulawa amanye amanani. Lokhu kwenzeka noma nini lapho umkhuzi wamaphekula noma impisi eyodwa isebenza enhlokodolobha enkulu yaseYurophu. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi abanye abatshalizimali bathathwa yile micimbi lapho benza iphothifoliyo yabo yezokuphepha. Umehluko phakathi kwezibambiso ezisebenza kangcono nokubi kulezi zimo ungafinyelela ku-5% ekushintshashintsheni kwawo.

Kungakho kubaluleke kangaka khomba ukuthi yimiphi imikhakha ebucayi kakhulu emakethe yamasheya ezenzweni zobuphekula. Kuzosiza ukukhawulela ukulahleka ngokukhetha okulungile. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke ukulahla amanani akhula kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo noma zokuxwayisa, njengalezo esezike zatholwa kwamanye amazwe ezwekazi elidala iminyaka embalwa.

Umkhakha wezokuvakasha ungenye yezinto ezenze kabi kakhulu. Izizathu kulula kakhulu ukuzichaza. Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlaselwa zinciphisa ukuhamba kwabavakashi beya ezindaweni ezithintekayo empini. Ngalo mqondo, imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ingenye yezimakethe zomhlaba wonke lapho le ngxenye yebhizinisi iba khona kakhulu. Kusuka emaqenjini amahhotela (Sol Meliá ne-NH Hoteles) ezikhungweni zokubhuka (i-Amadeus). Ukuziphatha kwayo kubi kakhulu kunamanye amanani. Ukuhola ukuwa kwamanani ngemuva kwezindaba zokuhlaselwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizinkampani ezinentshisekelo yezentengiselwano ezindaweni eziningi ezithintwe yilezi zingxabano (amahhotela, izakhiwo zabavakashi, iziphakamiso zezokungcebeleka, njll.). Njengomphumela walesi sigameko, inani lamasheya alo lehla cishe ngama-5%, ikakhulu ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki okukhulu. Noma ngenxa yokwesaba ukwanda komhlaba wonke kwento yamaphekula.

Izinkampani zezindiza esweni lesiphepho

Izindlela ezihlukile zokuhamba ezinye izisulu ezinkulu zokubonakala kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula enhlabathini yaseYurophu. Ikakhulukazi izindiza, eziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwalezi zenzo zobuqaba. Ngokwehla kwezinga okusondele amazinga we-10% kwezinye izimo. Kumasheya aseYurophu amelwe yi-IAG, iLufthansa noma i-EasyJet, phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic, i-Continental Airlines noma iSouthwest Airlines, phakathi kwabanye, ivelele. Yize ukuwa kwalo ezimakethe akunalo udlame kakhulu futhi kunqunyelwe. Kunoma ikuphi, ngemuva kweminye imikhakha yemakethe yamasheya, engathola ngisho nengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalokho okulahlekile ekuqaleni kosuku ngosuku olufanayo.

Izinkampani ezinezintshisekelo zamasu

Ezinye izisulu zale micimbi yizinkampani, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zikhona emkhakheni wazo, ezinamabhizinisi kuleyo ndawo. Ngalo mqondo, ezinye zazo zinobukhona obubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusayinwa kwezinkontileka ezibalulekile ezibaluleke kakhulu kubhalansi ye-accounting yakho. I- amaqembu amakhulu wokwakha nawokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yaseSpain bahlupheka ekuguqukeni kwezenzo zabo njengesijeziso kumasu abo ebhizinisi. Phakathi kwazo, ezinye zezinkampani zokwakha ezibaluleke kakhulu, hhayi kuphela (i-FCC, i-ACS noma i-OHL), kepha nabamele imikhakha yezobunjiniyela (i-Indra) neyezitimela (Talgo).

Awukwazi ukukhohlwa lezo ezihlobene nemisebenzi ehlobene nokungcebeleka nesikhathi samahhala ngokujwayelekile. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kuhlaselwa kwalezi zici kwenzeka, amanani abo ehla ngokushesha ngaso leso sikhathi ezimakethe zezezimali. I- amasheya okunethezeka (UHermes, uKering, uChristian Dior, njll.) Nabo babhekana nobushokobezi bamazwe omhlaba. Yize kungenjalo ngobukhulu obufanayo nakulayini bamabhizinisi bangaphambilini.

Yini okufanele uyenze kulesi simo?

Ngeshwa, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kwenzeka umcimbi onjalo, njengoba kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ngokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eBerlin, kuneminyakazo ekhetheke kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Hhayi ngoba kulindelwe, ziheha abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngokuvamile kunethonya elibi kuwo wonke ama-stock indices. Lezi ngezinye zezihluthulelo ezizokusiza ukuthi usebenze kulezi zimo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi okubaluleke kakhulu?

• Ungathatheki yimizwa ngoba ukusabela ezimakethe zezimali kuncane kakhulu futhi kuvame ukulawulwa. Lokhu kuhamba okungavamile kuvame ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi kube nomthelela ebudlelwaneni bamazwe omhlaba.
• Akufanele uvale izikhundla zakho kufayela le- I-apertura leseshini yokuhweba. Kuzoba ukuhlakanipha okukhulu kuwe ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuqhubeka kanjani ngosuku emakethe yamasheya. Kungaba noshintsho kuthrendi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngisho nokululama kwamanani. Ukuqonda, ngakho-ke, kufanele kube yisona sici esivamile sezenzo zakho.
• Kuyohlale kukhona njalo amanani abucayi kakhulu kunamanye ekwakhekeni kwamanani. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi ingakha amathuba wangempela ongawasebenzisa. Noma ungathenga ngonya ukwenza ngcono izikhundla zakho ezimakethe zezimali.
• Ungazami nganoma iyiphi indlela phoqa izimo. Izimakethe zezezimali ngalomqondo azivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Yize kwesinye isikhathi, isimo esishubile samanani ezokuphepha sifinyelela emazingeni adlulele kwesinye isikhathi. Yize ubude bayo bungeke bubonakale kakhulu.
• Kunoma ikuphi, kunezimakethe zamasheya ezivela ngaphandle kokulimala kulezi zinhlangano. Yizindlela lapho i amanani amancane, osonhlamvukazi abancane futhi abahambisa izihloko ezimbalwa kakhulu nsuku zonke ezimakethe zabo lapho zibhalwe khona.
• Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kwezinye izimo kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthatha izikhundla esikhundleni sokwenza ukuthengisa kube semthethweni. Ungakhohlwa ngesikhathi se- sebenzisa amasu akho okutshala imali. Akumangalisi ukuthi bangakulethela injabulo engaphezu kweyodwa yokuqinisa ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola.
• Ngeshwa, kuzoba yisimo esivame kakhulu lapho kuzofanele nihlale ndawonye kusukela manje. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, ngeke ube nokunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa isu eliqonde kakhulu lokusebenza nale micimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho ongakucabanga njengamanje.

Ungazivikela kanjani izikhundla zakho?

Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwakho ukuhlala nalezi zimo ezingenangqondo. Ngabe uyazi ukuthi ngayiphi indlela? Yebo, naka ngoba uzoba nesixazululo esingaphezu kwesasekuqaleni noma okungenani esinobuhlakani obusha. Ziwusizo kakhulu kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Kunoma ikuphi, bhalisela omunye wemibono esizokunikeza yona ngezansi.

1. Kungaba izaba eziphelele zokuthi qinisa izikhundla zakho. Ikakhulu lapho amanani ezokuphepha ekubhanti eliphansi kakhulu lesilinganiso sabo. Ungathatha injabulo engaphezu kweyodwa kusuka kulo mzuzu.
2. Akusona isikhathi esibi ukufaka imali oyongele imali izimali ezihlanganyelwe ezisuselwa ekuguquguqukeni. Bangabadlali abenza kahle kakhulu phakathi nalezi zimo ezikhathaza kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwezindleko zomnotho ezingeziwe, yize iziphakamiso zabo ngokusobala zimbalwa ngokunikezwa kwemikhiqizo yabo njengamanje.
3. Njengecebo, ungahlanganisa ama-equities nezinye izimpahla zezimali ezinikeza ukuphepha okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba ngenye indlela yokuvikela ukonga ngaphandle kokuyeka noma yiluphi uhlobo lweziphakamiso. Noma ngabe unenhloso yokwenza ngcono imbuyiselo kulondolozo lwakho.
4. Inani lemisebenzi yakho ezimakethe ze-equity akudingeki ukuthi libe phezulu, kodwa ngokusebenzisa ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yefa Imiphi iminikelo onayo ngalezi zimo? Kuzoba ngaphezu kokwanele ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo.
5. Ekugcineni, ungakhohlwa kunoma yikuphi, ukuthi uma ungenayo imibono ecacile, unenketho ye- kukugcine usunemali ephelele lapho kwenzeka ubushokobezi.