Namuhla, ngaphakathi kwe- umkhakha wamabhange usebenza futhi uxhumana nsuku zonke inqwaba yamabhizinisi lokho kugxile ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene abantu noma izinkampani ezingaba nazo ngezikhathi ezithile. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi umuntu ngamunye noma inkampani inezidingo ezingafani, udaba lwamabhange luyafana futhi nebhange ngalinye libhekene nemisebenzi ehlukene futhi linemikhiqizo ehlukile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ukuze sisondele ebhange esilidingayo, sazi i-100% ngayinye yazo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, okuyimikhiqizo enikelayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngamunye unakho izimo ezahlukahlukene nabasebenzi abakhethekile kulokho okunikezwa lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi. Yize ngaphakathi kweSpain, ibhange laseSpain liphethe ukubona zonke izikhungo zezezimali nokuthi yini imisebenzi yazo ehlukile, nguhulumeni onikeza imithetho nezimfuneko ebhange ngalinye, ngokuya nge imikhiqizo enikezwa yilawa mabhange. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhange ngamunye alawulwa yimithetho ehlukile. Ukuze wazi okuningi ngomhlaba wamabhange, namhlanje sizokhuluma nge izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhange nokuthi kusebenza kanjani ngamunye wabo.
Izinhlobo zamabhange ngokususelwa kubunikazi
Ekwahlukanisweni kwamabhange, into ebaluleke kakhulu uhlobo lomnikazi abanalo, ngoba lokhu kuzokubeka esigabeni esisodwa noma kwesinye. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamabhange ezaziwayo yilezi:
Ayini amabhange azimele futhi asebenza kanjani?
Amabhange azimele amabhange lapho abanikazi bamasheya afanayo kuyizinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezizimele noma ngisho nabantu abanotshalomali olukhulu. Lolu hlobo lwebhange lwaduma eminyakeni embalwa edlule kanti esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu yibhange eliqondile le-ING elidumile.
Ayini amabhange omphakathi futhi asebenza kanjani?
Ngokuqondene namabhange omphakathi, lolu hlobo lwebhange luphethwe nguhulumeni ngokuphelele. La mabhange aziwa kakhulu futhi imvamisa abekhona impilo yonke. Isibonelo esihle salolu hlobo lwebhange yibhange laseSpain noma ibhange eliphakathi laseYurophu.
Yini amabhange ahlanganisiwe futhi asebenza kanjani?
Amabhange ahlanganisiwe, njengoba igama lawo liphakamisa, amabhange anezimali ezizimele futhi, nawo anemali yomphakathi. Lezi zinhlobo zamabhange ziyaziwa futhi yilezo abantu abavame ukuzisebenzisa. Uhulumeni waseSpain. Inika imijovo yemali kula mabhange nge-FROB.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zebhange ngokuya ngomsebenzi wazo
Phakathi kwezigaba ezithakazelisa kakhulu, kukhona nokusebenza noma umbono waleli bhange. Yize ekuboneni kuqala, kubonakala sengathi wonke amabhange ayafana, yinhloso ezokutshela ukuthi ziyini izinhloso zaleli bhange futhi kususelwa kulokho, iyini iphothifoliyo yayo yamakhasimende. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu singathola:
Ibhange elikhiphayo noma ibhange elikhulu, ziyini futhi zisebenza kanjani?
Lolu hlobo lwebhange lubizwa "ngebhange lamabhange." Ukusuka lapha, okuzanywayo ukuphatha nokuqondisa lonke uhlelo lwezezimali ezweni. Lolu hlobo lwebhange luphethe ukubeka izinqubomgomo ngokuya ngezimali, ukukhipha imali ezweni, ngaphezu kokugcina zonke izinqolobane zezwe zisesimweni esifanele. Ngaphakathi kweSpain, ibhizinisi eliphethe lokhu yiBhange LaseSpain, okuyibhizinisi eliphethe yonke i-panorama yezimali yaseSpain; kodwa-ke, ibhizinisi elilawula ngempela yonke into yi-European Central Bank.
Ayini amabhange ezentengiselwano futhi asebenza kanjani?
Amabhange ezentengiselwano yilawo agxile ekusebenzeleni umthengi. La mabhange yibona abaphethe ngokunikeza imali mboleko, ukwenza amadiphozithi, njll. Lezi zinhlobo zamabhange akuwona amabhange otshalo-mali.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwamabhange kuleli zinga, kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1929 ngemiyalo yase-US lapho kwakufunwa ukugwema ukuwa kwezezimali. Yize e-Europe kungekho mthetho ohlukanisa ezezimali, amabhange amaningi akwenzela ukuphepha.
Amabhange otshalo-mali, ayini futhi asebenza kanjani?
Emabhange okutshalwa kwezimali, sithola yonke imikhiqizo ehlobene nekusasa. La mabhange agxile kuzo zombili izinkampani nabantu ngabanye futhi ngaphakathi kwala mabhange ungathola izinketho njengokutholwa kwezinkampani noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezimbili. Lapha, futhi ungafinyelela ekuthengisweni kwezokuphepha emakethe futhi uthole izeluleko ezinhle ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle ngokuzayo.
Ayini amabhange ezinkampani futhi asebenza kanjani?
Emabhange ezinkampani, kukhona amaklayenti iningi lezinkampani. Lapha kunemikhiqizo ethile esiza izinkampani ukuthi zenze umsebenzi wazo. Lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo yilezo ezihlobene nolayini bezikweletu, izaphulelo kumanothi ezethembiso, izinkokhelo nemali engenayo evela kumasheke noma kumarisidi ukuze ukhokhise izinsizakalo.
Ayini amabhange abathengi futhi asebenza kanjani?
Emabhange abathengi, kunabantu ngabanye. Lezi zinhlobo zamabhange yizo esivakashela nsuku zonke nalapho singathola khona imalimboleko yomuntu siqu, imali ebanjwayo yokuthenga indlu yamaphupho ethu, isicelo samakhadi esikweletu, ukwethulwa kweziqinisekiso zemali-mboleko noma izikweletu, njll.
Amabhange wokonga, ayini futhi asebenza kanjani?
Lezi zinhlangano zebhange lokonga eSpain yizinto ezingenzi inzuzo. Yize cishe kungekho ngisho nomkhondo wamabhange okonga ngemuva kwenhlekelele yeminyaka yakamuva (ngoba amaningi aguqulwa aba amabhange), lezi zinhlobo zamabhizinisi zazikhona ukuze zinikeze umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kubo bobabili abantu kanye nezinkampani ukuze zibanikeze ithuba lokuba amabhange okonga.
Ayini amabhange okubambisa ngempahla futhi asebenza kanjani?
Lezi zinhlobo zamabhange zithandwa kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokunikezwa kwemali mboleko ukuze kuthengwe indawo. Leli bhange lihanjelwa ngabantu kanye nezinkampani.
Ngaphakathi kweSpain, awukwazi ukuthola lolu hlobo lwebhange ngaleyo ndlela, ngoba badume kakhulu e-United States kepha abakasakazeki, kepha-ke, sekuvele kunezinkampani ezithile eSpain ongaya kuzo ngale njongo.
Amabhange kaMgcinimafa
Lezi zinhlobo zamabhange omgcinimafa ziyaziwa phakathi kwezinkampani hhayi kakhulu ezingeni lomuntu nomuntu. La mabhange aphethe ngokunikeza izinkampani imijovo yemali, ukuze zizisize ziphinde zivele. Lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi alunawo amahhovisi avulekele umphakathi.
Izikhungo ezisemthethweni zezikweletu, ziyini futhi zisebenza kanjani?
I-Las Izikhungo ezisemthethweni zezikweletu yilabo abaphethe ukusebenza ngaphakathi kweSpain ngokusebenzisa isikhungo esisemthethweni sesikweletu. Lezi zinhlobo zamabhizinisi zinomsebenzi webhizinisi kuphela oxhumana ngqo noMnyango Wezomnotho. Phakathi kwezinhloso eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwebhizinisi inhloso yokukhulisa nokunikeza ikhono lokuthuthukisa ngokuphelele ngokuphelele ingcebo etholakala ezingeni likazwelonke, kanye nokwabiwa okufanele kwalo. Kuze kube manje, ifuna ukwandisa zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yezomnotho namasiko, hhayi nje kuphela ukuze kwandiswe umsebenzi, kepha futhi nokwandisa ezokuvakasha kuleyo ndawo.
I-ICO yiyona ophethe ukuxhasa lolu hlobo lwephrojekthi ukuze kufakwe imali ezinkampanini ezizungeze iSpain. Benza lokhu ukuze lezi zinkampani zikwazi ukuncintisana ngokwengeziwe futhi zifake isandla entuthukweni yezwe lonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkundla isiza futhi ikhuthaze izinkampani ukuthi zisebenzisane ngezinhlelo zenqubomgomo yezomnotho lapho kuvela izinkinga ezivela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo noma ezimeni ezibucayi zezomnotho.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona kulo lonke leli posi, akulula njengokuya ebhange njengoba besicabanga, ngoba kufanele sazi ukuthi lelo bhange lisinikeza ini ukucela lokho kanye esikufunayo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuze sinakekelwe thina uqobo esifuna ukukuthola.
Ngayinye yefayela le- amabhange asungule amazinga emikhiqizweni ongakunikeza, noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi futhi ukuze uzuze amanye amakhasimende, anikela ngemikhiqizo angafaneleki ngo-100% kuyo. Yize iBhange laseSpain lizama ukugcina zonke lezi zinhlobo zezinto zilawulwa, ukubaluleka kokuthi saziswe nangokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwebhange olungasinikeza lona futhi ngasiphi injongo, okwenza wonke amabhizinisi ethu nezicelo ngaphakathi kwalo, kuphephe kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, inketho enhle kakhulu wukuya ebhange lethu esilithembayo sibatshele ukuthi yini esifuna ukuyifeza, imvamisa, ebhange elifanayo linamagatsha ahlukile futhi ebhange ngalinye kuvame ukuba nochwepheshe ovela kwelinye nelinye lawo ukuze sikwazi iya kuye ngaphambi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokungabaza.
