I-Los izikweletu zemali Ungomunye wemikhiqizo abasebenzisi abaningi basemabhange abayiqashayo njengoba yenzelwe ukutholwa kwekhaya. Lapho, isibalo semali ebolekiswe emakhaya singama-30.600, 3,9% ngaphezu kukaJuni 2017, ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE). Kuyakhonjiswa ukuthi inani elijwayelekile ngama-euro ayi-123.896, okuwukukhuphuka kuka-5,1%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani eliphakathi lempahla ebhalisiwe kumarejista ezakhiwo ngoJuni (kusuka kuzenzo zomphakathi ezenziwa phambilini) ngama-euro ayi-151.006, ama-13,9% aphakeme kunenyanga efanayo ngo-2017.
Kunjalo ukubaluleka kwempahla ebanjwayo abasebenzisi abaningi abayicabangayo uma kunesidingo senkontileka ezinye izigaba ziqiniseke ngokwenza le nqubo ibe yindawo esemthethweni. Yebo, ngalo mqondo, inqubomgomo okuwukuphela kwayo edinga ukuqashwa yiyo ebheka imililo. Imithethonqubo yamanje eSpain idinga ukuthi abanikazi babe nomshuwalense walezi zici ukusilindela lesi sigameko nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umshwalense wasekhaya, noma ngabe abasebenzisi abaningi bangakholelwa ini, awuphoqelekile, kodwa uyazikhethela.
Lolu hlobo lomshuwalense, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ubhalise ngoba kusiza ukugcina okuqukethwe nesiqukathi sendawo. Kunikela phakathi kwabanye ukufulela okunye okubalulekile njengokulimala kwamanzi nokonakala kukagesi ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, insizakalo yokugcinwa kwekhaya neyokugcinwa kwe-DIY, ukushintshwa kwezinkinobho namalokhi ngenxa yokweba noma ukweba ngisho nesikweletu somphakathi kanye nokuvikelwa okungokomthetho kwakho nekhaya lakho, phakathi kokunye okufanele kakhulu. Yize kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo ngokunikezwa okwenziwe yizinkampani zomshuwalense.
Kungani amabhange edinga umshwalense?
Ngokuqinisekile uzothola ukuthi eminye yemalimboleko ekhangiswa ngamabhange idinga ukuthi uthathe umshwalense wasekhaya mhlawumbe nezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Hhayi ngoba imithethonqubo yamanje iyayidinga, kepha njengecebo lokuhweba lokwenza ngcono izimo zokuthola inkontileka yemalimboleko yempahla ozoyenza. Enye yezinhloso zokufaka umshwalense walezi zici isuselwa ku yehlisa umehluko wemali mboleko. Lokho wukuthi, ukuze lo mkhiqizo wezezimali uncintisane kakhulu futhi ekugcineni ulondoloze ama-euro ambalwa ekusebenzeni.
Ukufakwa komshwalense owodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zici kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise izinga lenzalo ngamaphesenti ambalwa eshumini wephesenti maqondana nezinga langempela lawo. Ngokuvamile amabhonasi akuvamile ukweqa u-1%, kodwa okungenani kuzokusiza ukuthi uqukathe umzamo wezezimali okuzodingeka uwenze ukuthenga ikhaya elisha. Uma ungazamukeli lezi zimo ezikhethekile, vele, ngeke ube nokufinyelela kulezi zinhlinzeko ezikhethekile zempahla ebanjiswayo. Akusizi ngalutho, yisimo esibekwe yizikhungo zezezimali.
Imiphumela kusikweletu sempahla
Kuyisimo esikhona kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yimali mboleko exhaswayo futhi kuyisu lokuhweba ukuze izinkokhelo zakho zanyanga zonke zithengeke kakhulu kusuka ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke. Kodwa-ke, bavame ukufaka uhlobo oluthile lomshuwalense ongahlangene nakancane nekhaya. Ngeke ube nokhetho ngaphandle kokuhlaziya uma lezi zindleko zikukhokhela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngoba imali ongayonga ngebhonasi yemali mboleko ingahamba ngezindleko zomshuwalense.
Ngalesi sizathu esiqondile, kuzodingeka uhlaziye ukuthi kulula yini kuwe ukuqasha lo mkhiqizo womshwalense. Kungenzeka kungabi njalo futhi into enenzuzo enkulu ukuthi uya kwezinye izinhlobo zezimali, noma ngabe zikhona ngaphandle kwamabhonasi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingaba nenzuzo enkulu ekuvikeleni izintshisekelo zakho. Ngaphandle kwezinye izindlela onazo emkhakheni womshuwalense. Ngoba ekugcineni kosuku kumayelana nokuthi inqubomgomo ebhalisiwe ilusizo kuwe. Okuthile okungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kuzo zonke izimo noma kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Kuyisici okufanele uhlale usikhumbula lapho uya ukusayina inkontileka kwanoma yisiphi isikweletu semali mboleko.
Izinzuzo kubhonasi
Vele, imali ebolekwayo ifaka phakathi uchungechunge lwezinzuzo okufanele uzihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe. Ngoba azitholakali kuphela ekusetshenzisweni okunikezayo kumshuwalense wasekhaya noma kwamanye amafomethi. Kepha ngezinzuzo ezithile ezinjengalezo esikudalula kuzo ngezansi:
- Thola lolo hlobo lwe isithakazelo yehliswe kancane. Umphumela wakho oqondile ukuthi uzoba nezinkokhelo ezishibhile zenyanga yonke ngesikhathi sesivumelwano sokubolekwa kwemali.
- Zenziwa ngokukhululwa okuphelele kumakhomishini (ukuvula, ukutadisha, ukukhanselwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, njll.) Kanye nasezindlekweni ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni kwazo. Ngale ndlela, akungabazeki ukuthi uzoba nomunye umthombo wokonga lapho uthenga ikhaya lakho elisha.
- Kuyisu lokuhweba elikhona engxenyeni enhle ye- okunikezwayo nokuphromotha ukuthi izinhlangano zezezimali bezilokhu zenziwa eminyakeni edlule. Ukuthola isilinganiso senzalo sokuncintisana ngokwengeziwe ekusebenzeni.
- Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi lesi sigaba semali mboleko asixhunywanga kumkhiqizo oxhunyaniswe ne- isilinganiso esinqunyiwe. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, zifakiwe kwizinga eliguqukayo, lapho kukhona khona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemigqa yesikweletu.
Okubi kwebhonasi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhonasi yemali ebolekwa ngemali iphethe nochungechunge lwemonakalo okufanele uyihlole ngokucophelela lapho uhlaziya lo mkhiqizo okhethekile. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa lezi zimo ezilandelayo esizokuchazela ngazo ngezansi nokuthi udinga ukugcina engqondweni kusuka kulo mzuzu onembile.
- Umshwalense okufanele uwenze ungase ungakusebenzisi kakhulu ezithakazelweni zakho njengomsebenzisi. Kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uqashile nenye inkampani yomshwalense. Kulokhu, kuzoba izindleko ezingadingekile ezizokwenza ukuthi umsebenzi ubize kakhulu.
- Lesi sigaba semali ebolekwayo asixhunyanisiwe kuphela nochungechunge lwemikhiqizo yomshwalense. Kepha futhi nasekuqashweni kwe- eminye imikhiqizo yezezimali (uhlelo lwempesheni, uhlelo lokonga, izimali zokutshala imali, njll.). Kuyisu elisetshenziswa ngamabhange ukwehlisa izinga lenzalo kule mikhiqizo yezezimali.
- Ezimweni eziningi, amabhonasi ezimalimboleko zokubanjiswa kwemali Zincane kakhulu futhi ungazibuza nokuthi ngabe lokhu kuzidela kufanele ngempela ukwenziwa. Lokho wukuthi, yenza umshuwalense owodwa noma ngaphezulu ongase ungadingi ngaleso sikhathi.
- Kuzoba ngumsebenzi onenzuzo kuphela uma kwehla inani lenzalo yemali mboleko kuyathandeka ngempela. Akufanele ukhokhele okweshumi kwephesenti, kepha kufanele okungenani unciphise ukusabalala kube ngu-1%.
- Uma okudingayo kungukubolekwa kwemali exhaswayo, kufanele wazi ukuthi umkhiqizo okhulayo nokuthi uzothola amamodeli amaningi ngokwengeziwe analezi zici. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele qhathanisa konke uze uthole okulingana kahle kakhulu nephrofayili yakho njengomsebenzisi wasebhange. Noma ngosizo lomeluleki wezezindlu ongakunikeza ngemininingwane emisha ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha isinqumo esifanele.
Ezinye izidingo zebhange
Kulesi sigaba semalimboleko yempahla ebanjiswayo, izidingo zingaphakama. Njengesibonelo, ukuthi kufanele uxhumanise umholo noma imali ejwayelekile kulayini wesikweletu. Futhi, yize kungenzeki njalo ekuphathweni kokukhulu amarisidi asendlini (igesi, ugesi, amanzi, njll.). Lapho kuqala khona kusu lokuhweba elichazwe kahle kakhulu futhi lokho kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi njengoba unemikhiqizo enenkontileka eningi noma izixhumanisi ezinkulu emholweni wakho, izimo zempahla ebanjiswayo zizothuthuka ngokuqhubekayo. Kunoma ikuphi, hhayi ngenhla kwe-1, 5% noma i-2%, okungumkhawulo omkhulu walokhu kuhamba kwezimali ekubambisweni kwemali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthi ungathathi imali yokubambisa ngempahla ngoba nje ixhaswe yilezi zimo esikhuluma ngazo kule ndatshana. Lokhu kufanele kube yingxenye yesibili ekwenzeni izinqumo mayelana nokuthi yini ekufanele kakhulu. Ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imali mboleko ibanjisiwe kubiza kakhulu kuwe. Akumangalisi ukuthi kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ibhange lizifunela izinzuzo zalo, hhayi ezakho. Ngalo mqondo, izinhlangano zabathengi zixwayisa ngengozi yokuthi lesi sigaba semalimboleko yempahla ebanjwayo. Ngaphezu kwakho ongaba nakho kwasekuqaleni.
Kulesi simo, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi imali ebolekwa ngemali exhaswayo iyindlela yokuziphatha ngaphakathi kwalokhu le mikhiqizo yezezimali iyikho. Ngobuhle nobubi bayo nokuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi wena kuphela uhlolisise ukuthi kufanele yini ukuwaqasha noma cha. Ekuqaleni kungakumangaza kepha ngesikhathi sokuzihlaziya ngokuqinisekile uzobona okunye ukuphazamiseka kokubhalisile kwakho. Ngalo mqondo, akufanele uvumele ukuthwalwa umthelela wokuqala walokhu kukhushulwa, kepha kunalokho, cabanga kakhudlwana ngokuhlola zonke izimo zabo, eziningi. Ngaphezu kwakho ongaba nakho kwasekuqaleni.