Phuma ezikhungweni zezikweletu zezezimali Kungenye yezinkinga ezithakazelisa kakhulu abantu njengamanje abasohlwini lwabakhokhela le nhlangano.

Kubalulekile ukuthi idatha yakho isuswe kufayela ngoba ngenkathi behlala lapho, akukho bhange, ibhange lokulondoloza noma esinye isikhungo sezezimali noma sesikweletu esizonikeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezezimali.

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezitholwa ngabantu abakade bekhona noma abake baba kufayela elihlambalazayo ihlobene nokuthi yini okweletwayo nguyena ophoqelekile ukuxhumana ngokusemthethweni ne-Financial Credit Institutions, ukwesulwa kwesikweletu.

Ngeshwa nangokungakhathali, ababolekisi abavamile ukuthobela lesi sibopho, ngakho-ke ekugcineni ngumuntu okweletayo uqobo ophoqeleka ukusidlulisa.

Ngalo mqondo, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ovele ku- uhlu lwama-defaulters, nguyena ocela ukwesulwa kwedatha yakhe ngomphathi. Le menenja izophatha ukwenza zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo ngaphambi kweZikhungo Zezikweletu, ngenhloso yokugcina kususwe imininingwane yomuntu bese yebo, ikwazi ukuthola imali.

Kubalulekile ukuthi lokhu kwenziwe ngemenenja ekhethekile, ngoba baningi amafayela angamahlongandlebe banomkhuba "omubi" wokonga idatha yamakhasimende abo ku- "zero balance" noma "ekhokhelwe" isimo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ukuthi nje iklayenti liyaqhubeka nokuvela ohlwini lwamafayela kanye negama lomuntu okweletwayo omdala.

Kuyindlela esabekayo yokubonisa ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi, lowo muntu wayengekho i-solvent, okwenzelwe yona inkambo ayikho emthethweni ngoba akuvunyelwe ukugcina imininingwane emibi ngomqondo wokuthi ngelinye ilanga umuntu wayekweleta. Kunoma ikuphi, akumele sikhohlwe iqiniso lokuthi imininingwane yomuntu ephathelene nokuxazululwa komuntu ayikwazi ukugcinwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6.

Njengamanje kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uphume ezikhungweni zezezimali uma kwenzeka uvela ohlwini lwabakhokha imali.

• Khokha lokho okukweletayo. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi enye yezinto zokuqala ozenzayo ukuphuma kufayela le-ASNEF ngokunembile ukukhokha isikweletu owangezelwe ngaso ohlwini lwabakhokhayo. Le ngenye yezindlela ezisheshayo zokususa idatha yakho kufayela le-ASNEF, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kufanele futhi wazise inkampani ngenhloso yakho yokunyamalala kuleli fayela.

Khumbula ukuthi ku-athikili 41.1 yeRoyal Decree 1720/2007, kutholakala ukuthi "ukukhokhwa noma ukukhokhwa kwesikweletu, kuzovumela ukucacisa ukukhanselwa kwayo yonke imininingwane ephathelene nayo ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ibhizinisi liphoqelekile ukuthi lixhumane nososeshini ukuze licele ukuthi idatha yokungakhokhi okwamanje ebhalisiwe isuswe.

• Sebenzisa amalungelo e-ARCO. Ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uphume ohlwini lwabakhokhela i-ASNEF ukuzitholela amalungelo abekwe ku-Organic Law 15/1999 ku-Protection of Personal Data, lapho amalungelo okuthola ulwazi abonwa khona, kanye nokulungiswa, ukuqedwa nokuphikiswa, okungafinyelelwa yizo zonke izakhamizi zaseSpain.

Kulokhu, uzodinga ukulanda ifomu lokukhansela eliphrintiwe kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Spanish Data Protection Agency noma, lapho kufanele khona, qhubeka ugcwalise ifomu usebenzisa ikhodi ye-PIN. Kuleli qophelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kucaciswe isizathu sokuthi kungani kucelwa ilungelo lokukhansela, kanye nokuphikisana ngokuthi kungani kubhekwa ukuthi isikweletu asilona iqiniso, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukunikeza yonke imininingwane nemibhalo edingekayo ukuxhasa okushiwoyo.

• Linda ukuthi irekhodi lisuswe. Uma kwenzeka konke lokhu okungenhla kungazange kuveze imiphumela emihle, ekugcineni ongakwenza nje ukulinda iminyaka engu-6 ukuze idatha yethu isuswe ebhukwini labenza iphutha.

Khumbula ukuthi lesi yisikhathi esiphezulu seminyaka okufanele wenze ngaso gcina imininingwane yokungakhokhelwa komuntu kufayela le-ASNEF. Ngale ndlela, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, umuntu angavele abe nesiqiniseko sokuthi igama lakhe, kanye nalo lonke ulwazi oluhlobene nokungakhokhi, lisusiwe kufayela labakhokha iphutha. Ngenxa yalokho, ngeke ibe nomthelela oqondile lapho ucela imali mboleko kunoma yiliphi ibhange noma isikhungo sezezimali.

Imibuzo esemqoka nge-ASNEF

Kubantu njengamanje abanesikweletu esingakhokhelwa futhi asebevele bebhalisiwe njengabahlongandlebe kufayela le-ASNEF, ngokungangabazeki kukhona uchungechunge lwezinto ezikhathazayo, noma ngabe isikweletu sesivele sikhishiwe.

1. Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngivela ku-registry ye-ASNEF defaulter?

Uma unesikweletu nenkampani futhi wathi inkampani isengeza kuhlu lwabakhokhela i-ASNEF, ngaphambi kokwenza kanjalo kufanele uthumele isiphetho esazisa inhloso yakho yokusifaka kuhlu lwe-ASNEF, uma kucacile ukuthi asikwenzi lokho khokha sonke isikweletu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani inesibopho sokusazisa ngokukhishwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngeposi eliqinisekisiwe.

2. Ngabe kunezindleko ezithile ukwazi uma ngivela ezikhungweni zezezimali?

Ukubonisana kwemininingwane esefayilini labakhokhela i-ASNEF akunazindleko, kumahhala ngokuphelele futhi kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kaningi njengokufisa. Ngalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuxhumana nenhlangano, kungaba ngomyalezo we-imeyili, ngeposi, noma ngokuthumela ifeksi noma ngocingo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukufakazela ukuthi empeleni yithina esisenzela isicelo.

3. Ubani ongabona idatha yami ezikhungweni zezezimali?

Ngokuyinhloko noma ngubani ocela ukufinyelela kufayela labakhokha iphutha angabona ukuthi sikulolo hlu. Ukwenza lokhu, noma kunjalo, kufanele ube yilungu le-ASNEF bese ukhokha imali nyangazonke. Le nkokhelo ikuvumela ukuthi ucele ukuthi opharetha we-ASNEF aqhubeke nokusesha ohlwini ngenhloso yokunquma ukuthi ngabe imininingwane yomuntu othile itholakele yini nesizathu sayo.

4. Singakanani isamba sesikweletu okufanele sengezwe ezikhungweni zezezimali?

Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi ayikho imali encane umuntu angangezwa ngayo ohlwini lwabakhokhela i-ASNEF, kuyiqiniso ukuthi kube nezimo lapho umuntu onesikweletu esingu- € 14 kuphela, engezwe abazenzakalelayo bohlu. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu ongayifaki yonke imali mboleko noma isikweletu, empeleni kuliqiniso lokuthi bazogcina bekulolu hlu.

5. Kumthinta kanjani umuntu ukuhlala ezikhungweni zezezimali?

Kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala lapho umuntu evela ohlwini lwe-ASNEF lwabahluleka ukukhokha, kunzima kakhulu kubo ukuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezezimali, kufaka phakathi imali mboleko, amakhredithi noma imali ebanjwayo, noma ngabe yinani elikhulu kakhulu noma lincane kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu silula, ngoba into yokuqala eyenziwa yibhange noma isikhungo sezezimali ngqo ukubheka ifayili ukubheka ukuhlangana kwalowo ofaka isicelo.

6. Ungayisusa kanjani imininingwane kufayela le-ASNEF?

Okuwukuphela kwendlela esheshayo nesebenzayo yokuqeda idatha yomuntu oshiye iphutha ku-ASNEF, ukumane ukhokhe sonke isikweletu. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi ngenkathi iphutha lihlala lisebenza, imininingwane yethu yomuntu siqu neyezezimali izoqhubeka nokutholakala kufayela le-ASNEF.

7. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusula idatha yami ezikhungweni zezezimali?

Lapho ukungakhokhi sekuxazululwe, inkampani okwenziwe ngayo isikweletu, iphoqelekile ukuthi isuse yonke imininingwane nemininingwane ehlobene nokungakhokhi ohlwini lwabakhokha i-ASNEF ngosuku olufanayo. Ngenxa yezinqubo okufanele zenziwe, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu ngeke kwenziwe ngosuku olufanayo, kepha ngokuqiniseka ngemuva kwenyanga umuntu lowo akusamele avele kulolu hlu.

Ngabe ngizoqhubeka nokuvela kwamanye amafayela obuhlongandlebe?

Ngokuyisisekelo lokhu kuzoncika enanini lamafayela lapho oboleke imali akubhalise khona, noma okuvame kakhulu ukuthi ngumuntu kuphela obhaliswe kufayela elilodwa labakhokhayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukungakhokhi sekukhokhelwe, inkampani okwenziwe ngayo isikweletu, inesibopho sokususa noma yiliphi irekhodi lalowo muntu osefayilini.

9. Ngihlala ngivela ezikhungweni zezikweletu zezezimali, kepha sengisikhokhile isikweletu sami, kungani?

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ngisho nokukhokha isikweletu, imininingwane yomuntu iyaqhubeka nokuvela kufayela, ikakhulukazi ngoba umthetho uvumela ukuthi imininingwane enjalo igcinwe kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi kugcinwa umlando kuphela.