Kokubili eSpain nasemhlabeni wonke kunabantu okuthi, ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo, babe nomqondo omuhle. Inkinga ukuthi awukwazi ukukhuluma ngayo ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu ekuntshontshele. Empeleni, bekungeke kube okokuqala; kunamacala amaningi emlandweni womhlaba wabantu abantshontshe ilungelo lobunikazi kwabanye ngoba nje bethembile futhi bakhuluma ngaphambi kokwenza amaphepha.
Ngakho-ke, uma unombono, noma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungakuvikela kanjani ngokusemthethweni, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbele abanye abantu abangaphandle kwakho ukuthi bangaphambi kwakho bese bewunyathela lowo mbono. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kanjani? Namuhla sichaza indlela yokwenza ilungelo lobunikazi lomqondo.
Yini ilungelo lobunikazi
Ngokusho kwe-Spanish Patent ne-Trademark Office, ilungelo lobunikazi "Itayitela elihlonipha ilungelo lokusebenzisa kuphela okusunguliwe, ukuvimbela abanye ukuthi balikhiqize, balithengise noma balisebenzise ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi".
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ilungelo lobunikazi yisihloko esikhombisa ukuthi ungumnikazi walowo mbono noma lo mkhiqizo obhaliswayo, nokuthi lokhu kusebenza ezweni elithile (noma emhlabeni jikelele uma liceliwe emhlabeni jikelele).
Okwamanje, ukuphela kwendlela umqambi okufanele avikele ngayo imibono yakhe futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukumaketha nabo.
Ngabe ikhona into enelungelo lobunikazi?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokwenza ilungelo lobunikazi lomqondo, kufanele sikutshele ukuthi akuyona yonke into ekwazi ukwenza kanjalo. Ngamanye amagama, kunezinombolo ze- izidingo okufanele uhlangabezane nazo ukuze umbono wakho ube nelungelo lobunikazi.
Lezi yilezi:
- Kwenze kube kusha ngokuphelele. Udinga ukuthi okwenzeke kuwe akukwenziwanga vele, ukuthi kube yinto yangempela uqobo.
- Ukuthi kuyatholwa, okungukuthi, akuyona into engenziwa yinoma ngubani.
- Lokho akuyona into engaqondakali. Futhi nokuthi kungagcwaliseka.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma kuyinkolelo yesayensi, indlela yezibalo, umthetho, ifomula yokutadisha, noma uhlelo lwekhompiyutha, ngeke ukwazi ukuyigunyaza. Kulesi simo sokugcina kuphela lapho kukhona uhlelo olufanayo lobunikazi, kepha into ejwayelekile ukuthi izinhlelo azinayo i-patent registry.
Kodwa-ke, ukwenziwa ngcono noma ukuthuthuka komkhiqizo kungaba ilungelo lobunikazi.
Ungawuthinta kuphi umqondo
ESpain, kunezinhlangano ezimbili lapho ungenza khona ilungelo lobunikazi ngombono. Lezi izi:
- Ihhovisi le-Patent Spanish kanye neHhovisi Lomkhiqizo, eyaziwa ngegama layo elithi OEPM. Iphatha amalungelo empahla yokusungula kumalungelo obunikazi kanye namamodeli wokusetshenziswa, izimpawu ezihlukile nemiklamo.
- I-Intellectual Property Registry. Iphethe amalungelo obunikazi ahlobene nemisebenzi yezincwadi nobuciko.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lomqondo ofuna ukuluvikela, kufanele uye endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye. Esimweni sesibili, izinyathelo zilula kakhulu ngoba ngemuva kokukhokha imali futhi uyicelile, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje izobe inelungelo lobunikazi futhi ilungelo lalo msebenzi lizokwaziwa ngokusemthethweni.
Yini engikudingayo ukwenza ilungelo lobunikazi ngombono
Manje njengoba wazi ukuthi kufanele uye kuphi kwilungelo lobunikazi umbono eSpain, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini enye okudingeka uyenze patent. Ngokuqondile, kufanele uhambe no:
Isicelo se-patent
Ungakuthola ku-OEPM. Kepha, ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele iqukethe imininingwane yomfakisicelo, incazelo yomqondo, amapulani, imidwebo, imidwebo ... ngamafuphi, konke okudingekayo ukuhlola lelo lungelo lobunikazi nokukwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini ukwamukela noma ukuphika isicelo.
Dlulisa ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili
Uma imibhalo oyivezayo yamukelwa, isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukusungula usuku lokufaka. Ngalolo suku kuzofanele uze futhi wethule umqondo uqobo, ukuze bakwazi ukuwuhlola. Eqinisweni, a ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kulungile ngempela.
Isicelo se-Patent kwamanye amazwe
Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho umbono uvivinywa, ungacabanga ukufaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi kwamanye amazwe, ukuze kukuvikele emazweni omhlaba. Lapho kuyinto engashintsha umhlaba, kuyalulekwa ukwenza le nqubo, noma ngabe ibiza kanjani, ngoba izinzuzo zizokuba nkulu kunalezo zindleko.
Sesha umbiko ukuze unikeze ilungelo lobunikazi
Ngaphambi kokwamukela ilungelo lobunikazi, ibhizinisi elihambisanayo lizokwenza usesho lwemibono efana neyakho, ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini okuthile okunelungelo lobunikazi okungavumeli inqubo yakho isebenze.
Ukushicilelwa
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-18 zesicelo selungelo lobunikazi, abaphathi abanekhono bazokwenza ilungelo lakho lobunikazi libe sesidlangalaleni, nangesikhathi Izinyanga eziyi-6 unganquma ukuthi uyaqhubeka yini nakho (futhi ukwenze emazweni amangaki) noma uyeke.
Uma wenza lokhu kokugcina, inqubo izobe isiphelile ngaleso sikhathi, futhi uzolahlekelwa ilungelo lobunikazi (njengoba ungakafiki ekugcineni).
Ukuhlolwa okuphelele
Uma uqhubekela phambili ngokwenza ilungelo lobunikazi, isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba wukuhlola umbono wakho phambi kwabahloli abathathu abazowuhlola kahle ukuze babone ukuthi ulungele ilungelo lobunikazi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele zithobele izidingo eziceliwe ngokuya nge-European Patent Convention.
Isinyathelo sokugcina sokwenza i-patent umbono
Uma uphumelela ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini okujulile, khona-ke isaziso sizoshicilelwa kwiGazethi Esemthethweni Yempahla Engqondo (BOPI) ye-OEPM eyenza ukuthi ilungelo lobunikazi lusebenze kusukela ngalolo suku.
Ngabe ilungelo lobunikazi lihlala ingunaphakade?
Ngeshwa akunjalo. I-patent yodwa izovikela umbono wakho isikhathi esiyiminyaka engama-20. Owokuqala waleyo minyaka unokuvikelwa komhlaba wonke (okunwetshelwa ezinye izinyanga eziyi-18 uma usicela ngeSivumelwano Sokubambisana Patent) Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ilungelo lobunikazi lizophelelwa yisikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi kufanele uvikele ilungelo lobunikazi, futhi lokho kusho ukuthi ukhokha imali ekhokhwa minyaka yonke ekhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, unyaka wokugcina welungelo lobunikazi kuzodingeka ukhokhe cishe ama-euro angama-600.
Kubiza malini ukwenza ilungelo lobunikazi
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele ulikhumbule lapho unikeza ilungelo lobunikazi ngombono ukuthi le nqubo ayikho mahhala. Futhi akushibhile futhi.
Ukuze ufake isicelo se-patent, kuyadingeka futhi ukukhokha imali esemthethweni, ekhuphuka unyaka nonyaka. Okwamanje, intengo yaleyo mali yesicelo se-patent icishe ibe ngama-euro angama-75.
Kulokhu ukweleta engeza i-Report on the State of the Art, okungukuthi, idokhumenti lapho kwenziwa khona inkumbulo echazayo yomqondo ngayo yonke idatha edingekayo. Futhi akubizi, ngoba kungabiza cishe ama-euro angama-700.
Uma kwenzeka ufuna i- isicelo se-patent somhlaba jikelele, kuzofanele ukhokhe amanye ama-euro angama-75 ngaphezulu, nangaphezulu kwama-euro ayi-1200 maqondana nombiko omusha wezazi zomhlaba.