Oligopoly

oligopoly

Omunye wemigomo ngaphakathi kwezomnotho okufanele iqondwe kangcono yilelo le-oligopoly, ngoba lingakusiza uqonde ukuthi yini ehlobene nemakethe. Uma futhi ucwile ebhizinisini, lo mqondo ubaluleke kakhulu kuwe, ikakhulukazi uma ulinganisa imibono ngalokho okufanele ukwenze.

Uma ufuna ukwazi yini i-oligopoly, unezici ezinjani, izibonelo ze-oligopoly neminye imiqondo ehlobene nayo, lapha silungiselele isifinyezo ukuze ube nendlela yokuqala yokwenza konke lokhu.

Yini i-oligopoly

Yini i-oligopoly

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyiqonde yilokho esikushoyo nge-oligopoly. Imayelana ne- uhlobo lwemakethe lapho abathengisi noma imikhiqizo bambalwa kakhulu khona, incane kakhulu kunabathengi nabafunayo.

Laba bathengisi noma abakhiqizi babizwa ngokuthi 'ababhida'; Okwamanje, abathengi noma abathengi bazoba 'abamangali'. Singacabanga okufanayo nabancintisana nabo, kulokhu futhi abazoba bambalwa.

Ngabe lolu hlelo luzofaka ini? Abathengi, njengoba bembalwa, futhi nesidingo siphezulu, banamandla athile okuthonya ukuthi umkhiqizo abawenzayo uzobiza malini. Ngamanye amazwi, yibo abalawula intengo nobungako bemikhiqizo efakwa emakethe. Ngokufunwa okuphezulu, intengo ibiza kakhulu ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi kuzoba khona abantu abazokwazi ukuyithenga ngoba kuyinto abayifunayo / abayidingayo.

Njengoba kunabathengisi noma abakhiqizi abambalwa, kuyaqondakala ukuthi bazosebenza ngokuthembeka. Eqinisweni, lapho kwaziwa ukuthi kukhona ukukhohlisa okwenziwa yinkampani ethile ye-oligopoly, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi abanye baziphindiselele kwenye. Futhi ngukuthi, yize bencintisana phakathi kwabo, beyimakethe encane kangako, inzuzo ingaba phezulu futhi kukhona okufana nomthetho ongabhalwanga lapho wonke umuntu ezuza khona (kukhona okunye okwenzekayo empeleni).

Indlela yokwehlukanisa imikhiqizo phakathi kwabancintisana, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ikhwalithi nokwehlukanisa phakathi kwabo. Benza okufanayo, ngoba basebenza emakethe efanayo, kodwa ngamunye ngendlela yakhe.

Oligopoly futhi monopoly

Izikhathi eziningi, lawa magama amabili adidekile. Yizihloko ezimbili ezihlukene, futhi nezici ezahlukahlukene, okufanele uzicabangele. Ukwenza kube lula ukuqondakala:

  • I-oligopoly imakethe lapho kunabahlinzeki abambalwa (izinkampani) ezinemikhiqizo ephezulu kakhulu. homogeneous, yize kungahle futhi kwehlukaniswe. Unokulawula okuthile ngentengo (uma kungenjalo konke). Isibonelo? Isibonelo, ukwenziwa kwezimoto. Kukhona izinkampani eziningi kepha zonke zise-oligopoly ukuze zingancintisani futhi zikhiqize imikhiqizo ehambisanayo noma ngabe kukhona ezahlukanisiwe).
  • Ukuzimela wedwa kuyimakethe lapho kukhona umphakeli oyedwa kuphela (inkampani) futhi ayikho imikhiqizo ezongena esikhundleni salabo abathengiswa yileyo nkampani. Ngale ndlela, intengo ilawulwa ngokuphelele yinkampani, okunguyena onquma ukuthi uzothenga malini. Isibonelo salokhu izinsizakalo zamanzi okuphuza.

Izici ze-Oligopoly

Izici ze-Oligopoly

Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu esixoxe ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi i-oligopoly inezici ezithile okufanele uzicabangele (futhi lokho kukusiza ukuhlukanise nezinye izibalo). Lezi izi:

  • Iqiniso lokuthi kunenani elincane labathengisi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usethe inani nobungako obuthengiswayo.
  • Yiba nomkhiqizo ofanayo phakathi kwabo bonke. Lokho wukuthi, imikhiqizo efanayo phakathi kwazo zonke izinkampani, ngendlela yokuthi akunandaba ukuthi ingabe ithengwe kwenye noma kwenye ngoba ingumkhiqizo ofanayo. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi kuzokwenziwa ngendlela ethile.
  • Yiba nokuzimela phakathi kwezinkampani, kepha banezivumelwano phakathi kwabo zokuba nobudlelwano obuhle bebhizinisi. Kulokhu, izivumelwano zingaba ezokuhlangana (ukuze zingancintisani futhi zenze izikhundla zamasu ezingalimazi abanye), noma ezihlanganayo (lapho kunezivumelwano maqondana namanani entengo, ubuningi nokusatshalaliswa kwemakethe lapho ziyasebenza).
  • Kunezithiyo ekungeneni. Njengoba kunqunyelwe isibalo esincane, lezo zinkampani ezifuna ukwenza okufanayo zigodliwe yilo "mfelandawonye" ukuvimbela "ibhizinisi" ukuthi likhule.

Kungani izithiyo zokungena

Kungani izithiyo zokungena zibekwa ku-oligopoly?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, esinye sezici zama-oligopolies ukuthi anezithiyo. Lokhu kusebenza ukuze ezinye izinkampani zingakwazi ukungena emakethe yakho, ngoba, uma zenza njalo, zingahle zingazihloniphi izivumelwano ezinazo. Noma okubi kakhulu, bancintisane nabo futhi ugcine unokwabelana ngezinzuzo phakathi kwezinkampani eziningi (ezithinta ngazo kancane ngayinye).

Kepha empeleni kuneziningana izimbangela ze-oligopoly, sigxile kulezo zithiyo, okuyilezi:

  • Umnotho wezinga Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani lezinkampani eziyingxenye yaleyo makethe lilinganiselwe. Kungani? Yebo, ngoba uma kuningi kakhulu, ngeke kusaba yi-oligopoly njengoba inani labaphakeli lilinganisiwe nenani labafuna, futhi lokho kungalimaza amanani entengo, ukuthola inzuzo, njll.
  • Idumela. Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinkampani ngoba lapho zimbalwa, zonke zigcina isithunzi esiphakeme kakhulu. Lapho izinkampani ezintsha zifuna ukungena, lelo dumela nomkhiqizo odaliwe ungathinta, ngokuhle noma kabi, kepha kuzoba nemiphumela futhi yingakho abaningi bekhetha ukungazibeki engcupheni yokulahlekelwa yilokho asebekutholile.
  • Izithiyo zomthetho. Mayelana namalungelo obunikazi, amalungelo obunikazi, njll.
  • Izithiyo zamasu. Uma lezi zinkampani zinezivumelwano namakhasimende, futhi ezintsha zingena emakethe, kungadala ukuthi lezo zivumelwano zigcine ziphuliwe, noma ziphothulwe nezinye izinkampani, ngaleyo ndlela zilahlekelwe yingxenye yamandla azo njenge-oligopoly.

Izibonelo

Njengoba sazi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuqonda umqondo kahle, nazi izibonelo ze-oligopoly.

  • Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto: imikhiqizo yezimoto isebenza ngaphansi kwe-oligopoly, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili.
  • Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali: Sikhuluma ngokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali. Zonke ziyafana, wuhlobo lomkhiqizo oluthengisayo kuphela olushintshayo. Eqinisweni, kukhona imikhiqizo enokwehluka, kunjalo, kepha izikhathi eziningi isisekelo siyafana.
  • Abasabalalisi bamafutha: Efana neRepsol, iCampsa, iPetronor ... Zonke lezi yizona "ezilawula" imakethe, futhi yingakho-ke lezi zinkampani zintsha zifuna / zingenza into efanayo.

Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.