Kungaba kutshalo-mali, imali mboleko, noma ezezimali; kulwazi oluhlobene nanoma iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo, noma lapho sizama ukufinyelela kuyo ngokuyiqasha, idatha eyisisekelo namagama abizwa ngamagama afana ne-TIN kuzofanele aphathwe.
Enye yezinto okufanele icatshangwe kakhulu uma kucelwa imalimboleko kuzoba isilinganiso senzalo yayo. Ezikhathini eziningi kodwa kungadida.
Kunemiqondo ehlobene nodaba olugqamile, lena esishilo futhi sayiphatha ikakhulukazi kule ndatshana, i-TIN (Inani Lenzalo Lokuzisholo), i-APR (Izinga Elilinganayo Lonyaka), phakathi kokunye.
Ake sibone ukuthi yini i-TIN, icacisa futhi ingene ezicini ezihlobene nalolu hlobo lwezinga lenzalo.
Izinga lenzalo
Isilinganiso senzalo Kuzoba yintengo imali ezoba nayo esikhathini esinikeziwe emakethe yezezimali, lokhu kutshalo-mali noma isikweletu.
Ngamanye amagama, isilinganiso senzalo, esaziwa nangokuthi isilinganiso senzalo, kuzoba inkokhelo ezokwenziwa yilowo okweletayo kokweletwayo ngaphezu kwenani elitholwe kwiyunithi yesikhathi esinikeziwe, ngokusebenzisa imali ngaleso sikhathi.
Njengoba nje into enhle noma isevisi izoba nenani okufanele likhokhwe ukuze litholakale, imali izosebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzoba nenani elithile, elizolinganiswa njengephesenti likathishanhloko, futhi livame ukukhonjiswa ngokwemigomo yonyaka namaphesenti.
Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa emhlabeni wezezimali "intengo yemali."
Inzalo izothatha indawo yomnikazi wenhlokodolobha, leyo nzuzo abekade eyithola kolunye uhlobo lotshalo-mali, futhi angayitholanga ngokubolekisa noma ngokutshala imali kwenye ingxoxo.
Izinga lenzalo lingahle libe nezilinganiso ezithile zesikhathi, okuzoba yimvamisa lapho inzalo izokhokhwa khona njengoba siphakamisile. Uma kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka: izolungiswa kanye ngonyaka. Okwesikhashana: Ukuhlaliswa kabili ngonyaka owodwa; futhi ngale ndlela ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ngohlobo lweleveli ngayinye, isilinganiso senzalo esivezwa njengephesenti sizomela ibhalansi phakathi kwengozi nenzuzo yokusebenzisa inani lemali esimweni esithile nesikhathi.
Kunjengoba sishilo ngomqondo othile "intengo yemali", okumele ikhokhwe noma ikhokhiswe ngokubolekwa noma ukubolekwa.
Izinga lenzalo lizoya "ngomthetho wokunikezwa nokufunwa". Ngamanye amagama, isethwe yimakethe. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla kwenani lenzalo, kukhula ukufuneka kwezinsizakusebenza zezezimali, futhi uma kuphakeme, kwehla ukufunwa kwalezi zinsizakusebenza.
Izinga lenzalo (TIN) Liyini?
Izinga lenzalo (TIN) okuyiphesenti elizokwengezwa enhlokodolobha elethwe njengesinxephezelo ngesikhathi esithile.
I-TIN ngeke icabangele ezinye izinhlobo zezindleko zokusebenza ezinjengalezi: amadokhumende okubhala, amakhomishini noma izixhumanisi ezingase zihlangane nomkhiqizo, njll. Kuzoba ngokombono, iphesenti lelo bhange noma inkampani yezezimali okukhulunywa ngayo ezobe ihola.
Kuyinzuzo etholakala ekusebenzeni kwezezimali, kucatshangelwa kuphela inhlokodolobha eyinhloko, okungukuthi, ifakwe ngofeleba ngendlela elula.
Kunonhlamvukazi olula ngoba inzalo ekhokhiswayo yomkhiqizo ngeke iphinde ibuyiswe. Akunjalo kusonhlamvukazi obumbene lapho inzalo ibuyiselwa
Kwinzalo ehlanganisiwe, isibonelo, uma kutholakala inyanga yokuqala engu- € 100 yenzalo, ibuyiselwa futhi, hhayi ngenzalo elula, lapho inzalo iya ngqo ku-akhawunti.
Uma sine-TIN yaminyaka yonke, ngokuyihlukanisa ngenani lezinkokhelo, sizokwazi ukuthi iyiphi inzalo esizoyikhokhisa esikhathini ngasinye.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lapho usebenza nenani lentela eliphansi, "isikhathi sesikhathi" kufanele sicatshangelwe ngendlela ekhethekile.
I-TIN ayinaso isikhathi esivamile sokubhekisela; Kungaba isib. Nsuku zonke, ngeviki, ngekota, naphakathi konyaka, ngonyaka. Ngenxa yokuthi ayifaki izindleko, kwenza kube nzima ukuthuthukisa ukuqhathanisa okuvumelekile kwemikhiqizo yezimo ezifanayo.
Njengomphumela walokhu, kuvela i-APR (i-Annual Equivalent Rate), eyenza kube lula le nkinga ngokuthatha unyaka njengesisekelo futhi ivumele ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo yohlobo olufanayo.. Kamuva kulo mbhalo, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo ngokuphelele, sizobona umehluko phakathi kweTAE neTIN.
Isilinganiso Senzalo Eqokiwe sizobika ngamagama amakhulu, okumehluko omkhulu ne-APR. Lezi zinkomba ezimbili kuzovunyelwana ngazo ngokuzimela yibhizinisi ngalinye, futhi inani lazo lizoxhunyaniswa ngokulingana nomjikelezo wezomnotho nezinkomba zokulinganisa ezifana ne-Euribor noma iLibor.
Wazi kanjani nge-TIN ukuthi izokhokhwa malini inzalo?
Ngokwandisa inhlokodolobha yi-TIN enikezwa isikhungo sezezimali, kungenzeka wazi ukuthi inzalo izogcina ikhokhiwe kangakanani. Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi ubone ukuthi ngabe ubhekene nemali mboleko eshibhile noma ebizayo.
Isibonelo: Imali mboleko engu- € 2.000 izocelwa unyaka lapho i-TIN yonyaka ingu-8.5%.
Kulokhu kuzoba ne- € 170 yenzalo ehlobene ne-TIN.
Ukwehluka kwe-TIN
I-TIN ingahluka kusuka ebhange iye ebhange, kepha isenokwehluka ngokuhambisana nohlobo lwemalimboleko, okufanayo kuye ngecala.
Isikhungo ngasinye ezimweni ezahlukahlukene, sisebenzisa amasu maqondana nalokhu ngenkathi singaphakathi kwemikhawulo yezomthetho lapho sisebenza khona.
Ibhizinisi elifanayo lingaze likhokhise ngaphezulu umuntu oyedwa kunelinye ngemalimboleko yezimo ezifanayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi omunye wabo abe namathuba amaningi okungakhokhi asuselwa ezicini ezithile ezifana nalezi: imali engenayo ephansi, izikweletu ezikhuphukile, ukungabi khona kwesibambiso njll.
Njengoba sesichazile, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nesilinganiso senzalo esezingeni eliphansi ngamafomethi ahlukahlukene. Kungaba minyaka yonke, ngenyanga, noma ngenye indlela. Lapho ukhetha imalimboleko, kuzofanele unake lesi sici.
Ngemalimboleko yama-euro ayi-1.000 6, uma une-TIN yonyaka engu-60%, ekugcineni kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-euro angama-6 ngenzalo. Kepha ukube i-TIN ibisebenza nsuku zonke, kuma-21.900% afanayo, ekugcineni bebezokhokha ama-euro angama-XNUMX.
Kuyisibonelo esinehaba, kepha sikhombisa ukuthi umehluko ungabaluleka kanjani uma ifomethi ye-TIN ishintsha.
Emazweni afana neSpain kunemithetho eqinile maqondana nalokhu, kepha kwezinye izizwe ziyaguquguquka futhi ukunakwa kuzodinga ukukhokhelwa.
I-TIN ne-APR - Umehluko
Ake sichaze womabili la magama ngendlela ehlukile ukuze sikwazi ukuwahlukanisa kalula.
- I-TIN (Isilinganiso Senzalo Eqokiwe) Ngeke ifake izindleko zezimali, amakhomishini njll., Ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi esilinganiselwe senkomba. Izohambisana ne-APR kuphela uma inzalo ikhokhwa ekugcineni nangesikhathi esifanayo.
Imikhiqizo yohlobo olufanayo ingaba nzima ukuqhathanisa.
- I-APR (Inani Elilinganayo Lonyaka): Isilinganiso senkomba kuzoba unyaka. Kwenza sikwazi ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo yohlobo olufanayo.
Ngokuqhathanisa womabili la magama, singaphetha futhi sengeze eminye imibono, ake sinikeze imininingwane ethile.
- Uma sikhuluma nge-TIN sibhekisa ezingeni lesilinganiso senzalo, lapho ezinye izindleko namakhomishini angahle ahlobene nemalimboleko enganakwa. Lezi zindleko zizofakwa ezindlekweni ezisebenzayo zemalimboleko, i-APR yakho.
- I-TIN iyinkomba engakwazi ukwazisa, kepha lokho ngeke kusebenze ngale ndlela ngendlela eyeqile kumthengi. Imininingwane efakwe ku-APR; okufana: nezikhathi zokugcina, amakhomishini, njll. Kungenzeka banikeze umbono ocacile wokuthi utshalomali luzobe lunikela malini noma imalimboleko izobiza malini.
- Ezimalimboleko zomuntu siqu, umehluko obheka iphesenti phakathi kwe-TIN ne-APR, uvame ukuba mkhulu kunasezimalimboleko zempahla.
- Ngokwazi i-TIN nje, ngeke ukwazi ukwazi ukuthi imali mboleko izobiza malini. Ngeke kube kubhekela amakhomishini we-akhawunti, noma ezinye izindleko umsebenzisi okufanele azikhokhe.
- Nge-TIN efanayo, inani lenzalo lizohluka uma izinkokhelo ziqhubeka njalo ngenyanga, uma kuqhathaniswa nenkokhelo eyodwa yonyaka ngokwesibonelo.
Singaphetha ngalo mqondo ukuthi i-TIN ingaba yinkomba efundisayo kepha elinganiselwe kakhulu.
I-APR (i-Annual Equivalent Rate), idatha ehlose ukucubungula ukuqhathanisa izindleko zemalimboleko, ngoba izobe ilinganisa izindleko ezisebenzayo ezifanayo esikhathini esithile ngonyaka, kubhekwa amakhomishini nezindleko umthengi kanye nemvamisa yokukhokha.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamanani wenzalo. Izici eziningi zezomnotho ezibalulekile zizolungisa umehluko phakathi kwazo. Senze ireferensi ekhethekile kule ndatshana ku-TIN.
Esigabeni sokuqala, lokhu kuhluka kobuchwepheshe kungabonakala kungabalulekile noma kubalulekile, futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi izikhungo ezithile zezezimali zithole inzuzo yokungazi komphakathi kulokhu.
Kufanele kwaziswe ukuthi ukuze babe abathengi abahlakaniphile noma abatshalizimali, kuzodingeka ukuqonda izici eziyisisekelo futhi ezingezona ezilula ezimeni eziningi, kubhekiswa kulezi zici.