Vele, u-2018 awusiwo unyaka olula kakhulu ukufezekisa imbuyiselo enhle ekulondolozweni. Imikhiqizo yempilo yonke ezimakethe ezivamile zezimali noma iziphakamiso njengezinto ezintsha njengezimali ezibonakalayo? Lo ngomunye wemibuzo eminingi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abazibuza yona mayelana nesimo sangempela sabo izimali zomuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okhiye abafanele abazokusiza ukhethe eyodwa noma enye imodeli yokutshala imali. Ngaphandle kwephrofayili oyethula njengabasebenzisi bakulesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezezimali.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokutshalwa kwezimali zivumelaniswa nesikhathi ngasinye sokuhlangana nalapho kuzodingeka khona ukuthi wazi imininingwane yohlobo ngalunye lotshalo-mali. Hhayi ngeze, kuzodingeka hlaziya amathuba ukuthi izimakethe zezezimali zikuvezela nokuthi kungani kungenjalo, nezinsongo okwamanje. Kuzo zombili izinhlaka uzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi imuphi umkhiqizo olungele wena. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi uzoba sesimweni esingcono sokwenza izimpahla zakho zibe nenzuzo kulo nyaka.
Vele, uma ufuna ngempela ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwemisebenzi, akufanele uzikhawulele kumasheya noma emalini engenayo engaguquki. Uma kungenjalo, yini okufanele uyenze vula izimakethe ezintsha kwezezimali lapho ungaba nethuba lokufeza inzuzo yamaphupho akho. Yize kusenkingeni yokuthatha izingozi eziningi ekunyakazeni okuvula kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Kuyisici okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi usibala uma ufuna ukuvelela kakhulu ezifisweni zakho ebudlelwaneni bakho nezwe lemali eliyinkimbinkimbi njalo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi iziphakamiso okufanele ufeze lezi zinhloso ozifunayo? Naka kancane ngoba sizokwethula omunye umbono ongaba wusizo kakhulu ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Inzuzo: imali engenayo engaguquki noma eguquguqukayo?
Kuyinkinga yaphakade abatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi abanayo. Ngalo mqondo, khetha i- isikhwama saseYurophu Kungaba isinyathelo esihle esikusiza ukuthi uhambise lezi zifiso. Kodwa-ke, ikota yokuqala yonyaka ibingazange ibe njengoba bekulindelwe ngabanye babahlaziyi bezezimali. Kufika eqophelweni lapho iningi lama-stock indices lihamba endaweni engalungile. Isibonelo, Ibex 35 eshiya cishe i-10% ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka. Kunoma ikuphi, kungenye indlela enganikeza izinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu kulo nyaka. Yize kulokhu, ngeke ube nokhetho ngaphandle kokukhetha kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ekukhetheni amanani wemakethe yamasheya.
Mayelana nemali engenayo engaguquki, konke kuzoya nge inqubomgomo yezimali okwenziwa ngamabhange amakhulu endawo ngayinye kwezomnotho ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ngalo mqondo, konke kukhombisa ukuthi lo msebenzi uzomakwa ekupheleni kwenqubomgomo yokwandiswa kwe-European Central Bank (ECB). Futhi-ke ukukhuphuka kwamazinga wenzalo kungathinta izimakethe zemiholo ezihleliwe. Kodwa ngamuphi umqondo? Kulula kakhulu futhi uma amanani enyuka, inani lamabhondi liyehla. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi izimo ezithile zingenziwa lapho inzuzo ingaba ngcono kunama-equity noma okuphambene nalokho.
Izimakethe zemali: izingozi eziningi
Akungabazeki ukuthi imakethe yezimali enobungozi obukhulu ephawuleka ngezinguquko eziqhubekayo zenani eliphakathi kwezimali eziyinhloko emhlabeni. Lapho i- ukuguquguquka kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokuhamba kwabo. Njengakwezimakethe ezimbalwa zezimali kuyenzeka. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye ikukhiqizela ukuthi ungazuza ukubuya okuphezulu kokuvula imisebenzi kulezi zimakethe ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, imakethe yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe ayinconywa ngokusebenza okuphakathi noma kwesikhathi eside. Kepha kunalokho okuphambene, ngokunyakaza okusheshayo lapho ungathola khona inzuzo enkulu yemali. Noma mhlawumbe ulahlekelwe yingxenye enhle yezimali zakho ozitshalile.
Inkinga enkulu obhekene nayo kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi ukuthi udinga ifayela le- ukufunda ukuzungeza lezi zimakethe. Akufani nokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya, kepha kwehlukile. Uma lokhu kungelona icala lakho, kuzoba ngcono ukukhetha ezinye izindlela ezanelisa ngokwengeziwe zezintshisekelo zakho. Le mpahla yezezimali idinga iphrofayili echazwe kahle kakhulu uma ungafuni ukwenza iphutha elingajwayelekile eliholela ezimweni ezingafuneki njengomtshalizimali omncane naphakathi.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi okusha
Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kuhlelwe izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqonda ukutshalwa kwezimali. Lapho ukubolekwa kwemali phakathi kwabantu noma ukuthengwa kwempahla kungabonisa ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuthola inzuzo enhle. Kulesi simo esivamile, okubizwa nge-P2P kuyindlela enhle yokuthola inzalo minyaka yonke ngendlela enenzuzo, ephephile futhi okubaluleke kakhulu okulungisiwe. Ngezinga ongakwazi ngalo yeqa izinga elingu-5%, iphesenti imikhiqizo ehlukene yasebhange engafinyeleli kulo kwezinye izimo.
Okungabalulekanga kangako ekutshalweni kwemali ukuthenga izakhiwo. Kuyinto yakudala abatshalizimali abaphendukela kuyo thuthukisa intshisekelo yemali oyitshalile. Akumangalisi ukuthi usesimweni sokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukukhula kwezindlu ezinyangeni ezedlule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi bakha isu elifanele lokuthola imali nokwenza inzuzo yesikhathi eside. Njengoba abanye abatshalizimali besathuthuka ababona esitini isixazululo ezinkingeni zabo zezimali noma kunalokho bazuze.
Umkhuba wakamuva: ama-cryptocurrensets
Kungumkhuhlane wokutshalwa kwezimali wakamuva kepha onobungozi obukhulu kakhulu okungebona bonke abatshalizimali abangabuthwala. Kodwa-ke, kulula ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi kuyisu lokutshala imali elingazinzile nelingaphephile onalo okwamanje ngoba ayinayo imithethonqubo. Ungathola i-100% yotshalo-mali, kodwa ngendlela efanayo ikushiyele imali elinganayo endleleni. Kuyiphutha elikhulu ukuthi utshale imali enkulu kwezinye zezimali ezibonakalayo zalezi zici. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi ungathola izimanga ezingezinhle neze.
Yenzelwe ukunyakaza ezimakethe ezingezinhle neze futhi ibonakala nge umholo awubambeki. Akufanele uthathwe yilolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali ngoba luyimfashini, ngoba ibhamuza lingase likhiqize elingathinta kakhulu izikhundla kule makethe engajwayelekile neyintsha. Vele, akunconyelwe amaphrofayili wokutshala imali ngokulingene. Ngoba vele ungalahlekelwa yimali eningi kusuka manje. Ungakhohlwa uma ungafuni ukwenza amaphutha amakhulu.
Ukunyuka kwemakethe yebhizinisi
Ngenye yezinketho onazo kulo nyaka, noma kunjalo kusuka ezindleleni ezahluke kakhulu. Lapho ithuba lokutshala imali ezinkampanini ezintsha kuyindlela yangempela okufanele uthuthukise ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungathenga amasheya wamazwe amaningi ahlinzeka ngokuthengwa kwemali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyisigaba semisebenzi esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi okufanele kukwenze uqaphele kakhulu. Ngoba izingozi ziphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zokutshalwa kwezimali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zinhlobo zokubheja zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqinile kwebhizinisi ongeke ukuqoqe kuzo zonke izimo. Lokhu kwenza kungabi yisibonelo kunoma yimuphi umtshalizimali omncane naphakathi. Noma inzuzo ingakuzuzisa kuzintshisekelo zakho, futhi-ke ingcono kunemikhiqizo engenayo engaguquguquki noma eguquguqukayo. Lokhu kungenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zokukhetha le modeli ethile yokutshala imali.
Kuyohlale kunegolide
Njengendlela yokugcina, insimbi ephuzi ihlale ikhona, esebenza njengenani lesiphephelo lendabuko ezikhathini ezingezinhle neze ezimakethe zezezimali. Awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi inzuzo yayo kulo nyaka ingaphezu kwe-10%, ngokuthambekela okuphezulu okungaqhubeka phakathi nonyaka wonke. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi i- ukukhuphuka kwezinga yi-United States Federal Reserve (FED) kanye nokwenyuka kwenani ledola laseMelika kungaletha ingcindezi yokwehla kumanani okuphepha aphezulu ngokwenza kahle.
Kuyisiphakamiso sokutshala imali esiguqulelwe kuzo zonke izidingo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani ungathenga igolide elibonakalayo noma ngokuphambene ngendlela ebonakalayo. Ngezici zemodeli ngayinye yokutshalwa kwezimali. Njengenye indlela yokutshala imali kwendabuko, ikakhulukazi lapho izimakethe zezimali zamasheya zingahambi ngezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu. Lapho ingxenye enkulu yengcebo yomhlaba iphephela kuyo ukwenza inzuzo ngempahla yabo yangasese.
Ngoba ingafinyelela izilinganiso zenzuzo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi kwezinye izikhathi zingafinyelela kumazinga afinyelela kuma-50%, noma afune kakhulu. Njengezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu kakhulu ezifana ne- isiliva, i-palladium noma i-platinum, phakathi kwezinye zazo. Okungenani ungasekela iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali kule mpahla yezezimali ekhetheke kakhulu futhi enenzuzo.