Izikweletu ziphela nini eSpain

  

Kujwayelekile ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi ezimpilweni zethu sibe ne- isikweletu enkampanini noma komunye umuntuKungenzeka nokuthi sikweletwa imali. Yize kuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu, ababaningi abazi ukuthi lapho isikhathi sifika, Isikweletu singakusho, okungukuthi, siyaphela futhi sifuna ukukhuluma nawe ngqo ngalokhu okushicilelwe.

Ngabe izikweletu zingunaphakade?

Imvamisa abantu abafaka isikweletu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi i- isikweletu siqhubeka kuze kukhokhwe inani eliphelele bababolekile, ngaphezu kwenzalo. Iqiniso, nokho, ukuthi eSpain, izikweletu akuzona ezaphakade noma unomphela. Izikweletu zinquma futhi zikwenza ngezindlela ezahlukene, isibonelo:

• Okokuqala, isikweletu ngokusobala sinquma lapho inani lemali elikweletwayo likhokhwa ngokuphelele.
• Yini eyaziwa ngokuthi “incwadi yesikweletu ", okwenzeka lapho ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kudlulile, isikweletu sikhanselwa nje, noma ngabe okweletwayo engakhokhi konke akweletayo.
• Ngokunjalo, kunganikezwa isinxephezelo sokuthi umkhokhi wentela onesikweletu ku-Tax Agency, unxephezela isikweletu ngemali okufanele itholwe njengembuyiselo yentela yomuntu siqu engenayo.
• Yize kungumuthi wesikweletu ongajwayelekile, ukulahlwa ngenye indlela okunqunywa yizikweletu. Lesi simo senzeka lapho okweletwayo "exolela" isikweletu.

Yiliphi igama lapho kubekwa khona izikweletu eSpain?

Empeleni yonke into isuselwe ohlotsheni lwesikweletu esenziwe. Njengamanje, i-Civil Code eSpain isungula isilinganiso esiphezulu isikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni emi-5 sesikweletu okufanele sinqunywe, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela kulezo zikweletu ezingenaso isimemezelo esinqunyiwe semikhawulo. Ngakho-ke kunemigomo ehlukene yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikweletu.

• Uma kuyi- imalimboleko yempahla, incwadi kadokotela isungulwa kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Endabeni yesenzo sokubambisa ngempahla, umuntu ongacacisanga isikhathi esikhethekile sokunqunywa kwesikweletu, lesi sikhathi yiminyaka eyi-15.
• Ku icala lezikweletu ne-Social Security kanye noMgcinimafaLokhu kunqunywa isikhathi seminyaka emi-4.
• Uma kuyizikweletu ze izimalimboleko ezingahambisani nempahla futhi ezinikezwe ngamabhange, inzalo esebenzayo inquma ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5. Endabeni yesikweletu esikhulu, lokhu kuphelelwa yisikhathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5. Kodwa-ke, uma isikweletu sitholwe phakathi kukaNovemba 7, 2000 noNovemba 7, 2005, umthetho wokulinganiselwa yiminyaka eyi-15.
• Mayelana ne- izikweletu ezisuselwa ku-alimony, ukukhokhwa kwezinsizakalo, ukuqashwa kwezindlu, ukunikezwa kwayo yiminyaka emihlanu.

Yini umbolekisi angayenza ngaphambi kokunikezwa izikweletu?

Lapho okweletwayo ebhekene nesimo lapho okweletayo evele engakhokhi lokho akweletayo, angasebenzisa izinqubo zokwahlulela noma zokukhipha icala ukwenza isicelo sokukhokha. Ngalo mqondo, umthetho okhona njengamanje ubeka ukuthi okweletwayo angavimba ukubhalwa kwesikweletu ukuze singacimi bese elahlekelwa yimali yakhe.

Izindlela ezahlukahlukene umbolekisi angaphazamisa ngazo umuthi wesikweletu yilezi:

• Ngokuthumela i-burofax
• Ngokusebenzisa icala
• Ngenqubo yokuqashelwa isikweletu
• Ukweqa imali mboleko bese uthola ukukhokhelwa kwesikweletu

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lapho okweletwayo enza noma yini isenzo sokufuna isikweletu, okwenzayo ngokuyisisekelo kumisa imiyalo kadokotela wesikweletu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthi isikweletu sinyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siqala futhi ekuqaleni. Lokhu kunjalo, lapho okweletayo esetsheliwe ukuthi lesi simangalo sesikweletu siyenziwa.

Isibonelo, uma une umqashi ongakhokhi imali yerenti yendawo, okweletwayo angenza isimangalo sokukhokha ngendlela yokwahlulela noma ngokweqisa, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kudlule iminyaka emi-5 selokhu kwavela leso sikweletu. Leso sikhathi seminyaka emihlanu sokuqedwa kwesikweletu siqala futhi ekuqaleni.

Isimangalo esingeqile

Uma ufuna ukuyeka incwadi yesikweletu, kubalulekile ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okweletwayo uthinte okweletayo. Lapho kwenzeka into enjengale, into eluleka kakhulu ukuthumela i-burofax yokuqukethwe eqinisekisiwe, lapho kwenziwa khona isimangalo sokukhokha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ngenhloso lowo okweletayo angaphikisa ukuthi ukuxhumana akwenziwanga kahle, kungcono ukuthi kubhalwe uchwepheshe ngale ndaba, kulokhu ummeli onguchwepheshe wezicelo zesikweletu.

Into ejwayelekile ukuthi kungumbhalo lapho okweletwayo akhonjiswa khona ukuthi usenakho isikweletu esikhokhwa kumbolekisi wakho. Ukunikeza ukufaneleka kwedokhumenti, ungafaka futhi yonke imininingwane efakazela ubukhona besikweletu esishiwoyo, yize lokhu kungaphoqelekile. Kuwo lowo mbhalo, unikezwa nomnqamulajuqu wokukhokha isikweletu sakho futhi ukhombise nendlela ongakhokha ngayo isikweletu. Lokhu kubhala akudingeki ukuthi kubhekise ekuphazanyisweni kwemithi kadokotela.

Isimangalo sokwahlulela

Isimangalo sokwahlulela sesikweletu sidinga ukuya emzileni womphakathi futhi kulezi zimo okufanele kakhulu i-oda lenqubo yokukhokha. Le nqubo iqukethe ukugcwalisa isimangalo, kanye nemibhalo okuvela kuyo isikweletu. Lapho konke lokhu sekutholakele, ijaji lidinga ukuthi okweletayo akhokhe lokho akweletayo noma aphikisane nakho esikhathini esingeqile ezinsukwini ezingama-20.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi okweletayo angakhokhi isikweletu sakhe ngemuva kokuthi kwenziwe inqubo yokukhokha noma ngisho nokuthi engakaveli kuyo, i-oda lenqubo yokukhokha liyanqanyulwa futhi kulapho umboleki-mali engacela ukubulawa. Manje, uma amanani afunwa ngenqubo yokukhokha engaphezulu kwama- € 2.000 futhi okweletayo aphikisa, lapho-ke kunqubo yokumenyezelwa etholakala kulesi simo, ukungenelela kommeli nommeli kuzodingeka.

Lapho-ke ijaji lizonikezwa umsebenzi wokubhekana nezimangalo zawo womabili amaqembu bese linquma ukuthi sikhona yini isikweletu noma cha. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isinqumo sejaji sithande okweletwayo, kuzobe sekuqala isikhathi okweletayo usiqeda ngokuphelele isikweletu sakhe. Uma ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, okweletayo angafuni noma engakwazi ukukhokha lokho akukweletayo, lapho-ke isinqumo sokugcina siyinqubo yokukhishwa kwesahlulelo, lapho okutholwa khona kungukuthwalwa kwempahla yomuntu okweletayo ukumboza okufanele.

Kuthiwani ngemithi kadokotela ekhadini lesikweletu?

Njengamanje, i isikhathi semithi yesikweletu ekhadini lesikweletu yiminyaka emi-5, okubalwa kusukela lapho kungafezwa khona isibopho. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi phambilini, umthetho wokulinganiselwa ubuyiminyaka eyi-15, kepha ngenxa yenguquko ku-athikili ka-1964.2 we-Civil Code, manje sekuyiminyaka engu-5 kuphela.

Isikhathi esiningi uma unaso isikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu, isimangalo senziwa nge-oda lenqubo yokukhokha. Endabeni yokunqunywa kwesikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu, kubalulekile ukuphikisana nalesi simo njengoba "Isizathu sokuphikisana" ku-oda lenqubo yokukhokha.

Lolu shintsho ku imiyalelo yesikweletu sekhadi lesikweletu, kucatshangwa ukuthi zonke izikweletu ezivela ekhadini lesikweletu futhi ezinikezwe izinkontileka ngemuva kukaNovemba 7, 2015, zinesimiso semikhawulo seminyaka emi-5 lapho kungadingeka khona ukuthobela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zonke izikweletu zamakhadi wesikweletu ngemuva kukaNovemba 7, 2005 nangaphambi kukaNovemba 7, 2015, zizonqunywa ngoNovemba 6, 2020. Endabeni yezikweletu zamakhadi esikweletu ngaphambi kukaNovemba 7, 2005 kaNovemba 15, azoba nazo isikhathi esimaphakathi kusuka ngesikhathi lapho kungadingeka khona ukuthobela, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-XNUMX.

Ngabe izikweletu ezinamabhange kanye nokuPhepha Komphakathi ziyabeka?

Uma ufuna ukwazi ngasikhathi siphi isikhathi izikweletu namabhange ziphela, Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubheka ukuthi hlobo luni lwemalimboleko oyitholile. Njengamanje, ukunqunywa kwezikweletu namabhange kunesikhathi seminyaka eyi-15 esibalwa kusukela ekwazisweni kokugcina kuya kowakweletayo.

Endabeni Yezokuphepha Komphakathi, umthetho wamanje ubeka ukuthi isikweletu sichaza ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4, kepha ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Izenzo zokubeka unswinyo ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha Komphakathi
• Izenzo zokufuna ukukhokhwa kwesikweletu seminikelo yokuphepha Komphakathi
• Amalungelo eSocial Security Administration wokunqunywa kwazo zonke lezo zikweletu nge-Social Security nokuthi ziyizilinganiso.