Lapha eSpain, impesheni yomhlalaphansi imele cishe u-80% womholo wokugcina, ngoba kulesi sigaba lapho amandla okuthenga ngokuvamile elahleka khona. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abathathe umhlalaphansi bathola imali ethe xaxa, kabili ngonyaka.
Njengoba sekushiwo, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi, amandla okuthenga ayenawo lowo muntu okukhulunywa ngaye, ancipha unyaka nonyaka futhi uma kwenzeka engalondolozanga okuthile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lesi sigaba sizobhekana nezomnotho.
Bonke labo bantu asebethathe umhlalaphansi, kubalwa nalabo asebethathe umhlalaphansi, bathola impesheni yabo, eyakhiwa 14 ukhokha njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inakho izinkokhelo ezimbili ezengeziwe, ngokuvamile akhokhiswa ezinyangeni zikaJuni nangoNovemba. Umzimba olawula ukukhokha yiNational Institute of Social Security (INSS).
Le mpesheni ikhokhelwa izinkokhelo ezidlulwe yinyanga yonke futhi inani lizoya ngezisekelo ezijwayelekile zemiholo yeminyaka ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kanye neminyaka yomuntu othathe umhlalaphansi. Inani lezinkokhelo ezingavamile wezinyanga zikaJuni noNovemba ziyafana nalezi ezejwayelekile, ngakho-ke kulezo zinyanga uzothola imali ephindwe kabili.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungaqala nini ukuqoqa impesheni yomhlalaphansi, u-El Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuphepha Komphakathi Kuchaza ngokusobala ukuthi imiphumela yezomnotho yempesheni izoqala ukwenzeka, kusukela ngosuku olulandela usuku lokuphela kwemisebenzi, abasebenzi abasesimweni seminikelo ephezulu neqhubekayo. Uma isikhathi esinqunyiwe singakahlangatshezwa ngokwanele, isicelo sifakwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu, umhlomulo uzotholwa ususelwe emuva kusukela esikhwameni kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu kusukela osukwini okwethunyelwe ngalo.
Ukukhokhwa kwezinkokhelo ezimbili ezengeziwe zanyanga zonke ezitholwa umhlalaphansi, ezimweni ezibucayi kanye nokungazinzi komnotho, kuphoqe uHulumeni waseSpain ukuthi asebenzise njalo imali yezimpesheni futhi uzoqhubeka nokwenza lokho inqobo nje uma umnotho ufuna. Lapho kuqoqwa impesheni, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe egatsheni lasebhange ukugwema ukuphatha isamba semali esiningi esingagcina siphanga abantu asebekhulile futhi bengenakuzivikela.
Uma uyisisulu sanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphangwa noma ukwebiwa, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kukhona umshwalense wokukuvikela kulezi zimo, njengaleyo enikezwa yi-MAPFRE, enikeza usizo kumonakalo owutholile, osuselwa kokweba noma ukuzama ekhaya nangaphandle kwawo, kanye nokufaka amanye amalokhi nokhiye abonakele, izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nganoma yikuphi ukulimala okudalekile, njll.
Izinkokhelo ezingeziwe noma amabhonasi angavamile
Ku I-Athikili 31 Yomthetho Wabasebenzi, kukhonjiswa ngokusobala ukuthi umsebenzi unelungelo lokuthola amabhonasi amabili Izinkokhelo ezingajwayelekile zonyaka, enye yazo ngezizathu zikaKhisimusi futhi itholwe njengebhonasi kaKhisimusi, kwesinye isikhathi, ikhokhwa ngenyanga esethwe yisivumelwano esihlanganyelwe noma ngesivumelwano phakathi kwabamele abezomthetho babasebenzi nabaqashi.
Ngenxa yalokho, umthetho uzoqoqa kuphela njengoba Ibhonasi KaKhisimusi EngavamileEnye incike ngokuphelele ekuxoxisaneni esivumelwaneni esihlanganyelwe. Ngokufanayo, umbandela wezinkampani eziningi nezivumelwano ezifinyelelwe, yilokho enye inkokhelo yenziwa ngenyanga kaJuni, kuqondana nosuku lokuqala kwesikhathi seholide, kuhlukaniswa lezi zinkokhelo lapho kubonakala kufaneleka kakhulu.
Ukuncishiswa
Izinkokhelo ezingeziwe azicashuniwe ngaleyo ndlela, kodwa banentela yokubamba ebekwe intela yomuntu siqu engenayo. Iqiniso ukuthi akukona ukuthi abanikeli, kepha ukuthi ubusuvele ubanikelela ngabo ezinye izinyanga ozisebenzile.
Isisebenzi ngasinye senza iminikelo yaso kwi-Social Security, ngokuzenzakalela njalo ngenyanga, ngokuya ngeholo labo elidonswa emiholweni yabo. Lokhu kudonswa kwemali kwenziwa ngokususelwa emholweni wenyanga owehlisiwe, lokhu kusho ukuthi inyanga nenyanga, inani elithile ligodliwe kumholo wakho, ngemibono yalokhu: izimo ezejwayelekile ezivamile, ukungasebenzi nokuqeqeshwa kwezemisebenzi kube sengathi iholo lakho selivele linayo, ukhokhe umholo owengeziwe.
Kungezwe kulokhu, i- Ukugodla Intela Kumuntu Ngamunye, eyaziwa njengentela yomuntu siqu engenayo, kepha lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile ngoba kuyiphesenti lokukhokha okusebenzayo kuleyo nyanga, ngaphandle kokubheka iholo elihluziwe.
Ekuphetheni, lapho umsebenzi ethola enye yezinkokhelo zakhe ezengeziwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi adonse intela yomuntu siqu, ngoba iminikelo yeSocial Security isixolelwe ngokuyikhokha phambilini.
Ukwabiwa
Ku Isitatimende sabasebenzi sikhombisa ukuthi kungavunyelwana ngakho esivumelwaneni esihlanganyelwe, ukuthi amabhonasi angajwayelekile ahlehlisiwe ezinkokhelweni zanyanga zonke eziyishumi nambili. Umqashi akakwazi ukuzinqumela, ukwabiwa kwemali ekhokhelwa ngokungavamile etholakala ezinkokhelweni zanyanga zonke eziyi-12, kodwa-ke, ukukhokhwa okuncishisiwe kwamabhonasi angavamile kuthathwe njengokusebenza kahle nenkululeko lapho lokhu kuvela emvumelwaneni ngamunye futhi esivumelwaneni cabanga ngokwenqatshelwa.
Uma kwenzeka i- amabhonasi angavamile ahlotshisiwe, Kumele zikhonjiswe ngokucacile futhi zihlukaniswe kubasebenzi abakhokhelwayo, uma kungenjalo, isisebenzi siyoba nelungelo eligcwele lokwenza isimangalo semali efuna ukukhokhwa ngokuphelele.
Okwengeziwe
El imali eyengeziwe ekhokhelwa ngokungavamile iba minyaka yonke, ngokuvamile, ngaphandle uma isivumelwano sangaphambili sikuguqula lokhu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhonasi angavamile akhiqizwa kusukela ngosuku okukhokhwe ngalo inguqulo yabo yangaphambilini. Ekupheleni kombhalo uzothola isibonelo sendlela yokuqongelela ngokusobala.
Inkokhelo yokukhubazeka kwesikhashana
Inani le- izinzuzo ezingeziwe Iyancishiswa ngokulingana nesikhathi lapho umsebenzi ehlala esimweni sokukhubazeka kwesikhashana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubalwa kwe- inzuzo yesikhashana yokukhubazeka, wenziwa ngokususelwa esisekelweni somnikelo wezimo ezivamile ezivamile, lo mqondo usuvele ufaka i- izinkokhelo ezingavamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma singasebenzi ngenxa yokugula noma ukulimala okuvamile, kukhokhwa ngokusekelwe emholweni wethu wenyanga, ukunikela ngamabhonasi engeziwe kuwo.
Ngokufanayo, ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana kungabhekwa ngesivumelwano somuntu ngamunye noma ngesivumelwano esihlangene njengomsebenzi owenziwe ngobuciko ngenhloso yokuthola imali evela ezinkokhelweni ezingavamile futhi ngenxa yalokho, akukho mali okufanele yehliswe.
Inkokhelo endaweni yokuhlala
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i- umsebenzi uqeda ubudlelwano bakhe bokuqashwa nenkampani, Noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu sokuhamba kwakhe, lowo owayekade eyisisebenzi unelungelo lokuthola ingxenye elinganayo yamabhonasi angajwayelekile ahambelana naye ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa noma esula emsebenzini, okufanele kukhokhwe futhi kukhishwe embhalweni wokugcina wesivumelwano, kanye neminye imiqondo.
Isibonelo sokubala
Isisebenzi siqashwa ngoFebhuwari 1, 2016, ngomholo waminyaka yonke wama- € 28.000 osatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuzinkokhelo eziyi-14, ngezinkokhelo ezimbili ezingavamile ezikhokhwe ngoJuni nangoNovemba ngemali eyengeziwe yonyaka. Ake sithi namuhla kungu-Agasti 1, kulesi sibonelo sizohlola, iyiphi imali ethe xaxa oyitholile ngoJuni, nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye elinganiselwe yezinkokhelo ezingavamile ozenzile kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
- Usuku lokubhalisa: Februwari 1, 2016
- Umholo ophelele wonyaka: € 28.000
- Umholo wenkokhelo ngayinye: € 2.000
Ukuqoqwa kwemali ekhokhwayo eyengeziwe yonyaka:
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubala imali eyengeziwe ekhokhelwe ngoJuni. Le nkokhelo yaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1-7-2015, okungukuthi, ngoJuni wonyaka owedlule, kepha selokhu umsebenzi eqashwe kuze kube ngumhla ka-1-02-2016, ayikaze yenziwe ngokuphelele, kodwa ingxenye yayo kuphela :
Inani lezinsuku ezidlulile phakathi kwe-1-02 kuya ku-1-07 = 150
Inani elikhokhelwe ngoJulayi ngu (Inani lemali ekhokhwayo eyengeziwe x Inani lezinsuku ezidlulile) / Inani lezinsuku zonyaka eziphelele = 2.000 * 150/360 = € 833,33.
Okwesibili, kufanele ubale ingxenye elinganayo yamabhonasi angeziwe akhiqizwe kuze kube yilelo phuzu:
- Inkokhelo kaNovemba = 2.000 * 180 izinsuku / 360 = € 1.000
- Ukukhokhwa kwenyanga kaJulayi = 2.000 * izinsuku ezingama-30/360 = € 166,67
Isimo sesisebenzi ngo-Agasti 1 sithi:
- Isisebenzi sithole njengomholo (ngoFebhuwari - Julayi): € 12.000
- Isisebenzi sithole izinkokhelo ezingavamile inani elingu: € 833,33.
- Isisebenzi siqongelele, kepha asikaze sithole izinkokhelo ezingavamile: € 1.166,67.
- Isamba esiphelele, isisebenzi sikhiqize inani: 833,33 + 12.000 + 1.166,67 = € 14.000. Kodwa-ke, inkampani ikhokhe i- € 12833,33 kuphela, ishiya enye isalindile.
Kuthiwani uma isisebenzi sinebhonasi eyengeziwe ebekiwe?
Isisebenzi kufanele sikhokhise inani elifanayo, noma ngabe izinkokhelo zalo ezingeziwe zihlelwe noma cha, ngakho-ke, umphumela kufanele ufane:
- Umholo ophelele wonyaka: € 28.000
- Umholo wanyanga zonke: € 2.333,33
- Umholo otholwe izinyanga zikaFebhuwari - Julayi = 6 * 2.333,33 = € 14.000