Abazisebenzayo banenzuzo ethile kunabasebenzi abaqashiwe. Kodwa futhi eziningi ezimbi kanye umhlalaphansi kwakungenye yakho. Noma kunjalo. Eqinisweni, umbuzo abaningi abazibuza wona, owokuthatha umhlalaphansi ingxenye yalabo abazisebenzayo, abazi noma bangawufinyelela yini noma cha.
Uma uzisebenza futhi usondele eminyakeni engama-60, kungenzeka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane. ukushiya kancane kancane umsebenzi nokuthi akukona ukuhlukumezeka kuwe. Kodwa ungafinyelela kuyo njenge-freelancer? Ingabe bayakuvumela ukuthi usebenze futhi uqoqe impesheni ngesikhathi esisodwa? Sizokutshela ke.
Kuyini ukuthatha umhlalaphansi okuyingxenye
Ngokusho kwe-Social Security ngokwayo, kuwebhusayithi yayo, isinika incazelo eqinile yokuthi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokwengxenye kungaba yini. Ikakhulukazi, isitshela ukuthi:
«Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane kuthathwa njengalokho kwaqala ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engama-60, ngasikhathi sinye nenkontileka yomsebenzi wesikhashana futhi exhunywe noma cha enkontilekeni yokusiza esayinwe nomsebenzi ongasebenzi noma onenkontileka nenkampani isikhathi esinqunyiwe» .
Ngamanye amazwi, singakusho lokho ingxenye yomhlalaphansi ingenye lapho, lapho isineminyaka engu-60, isisebenzi sinquma ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wetoho futhi sithole ingxenye yomhlomulo womhlalaphansi.
Kuyini ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokwengxenye kwabazisebenzayo
Kusobala ukuthi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ingxenye kanye nokuzisebenza kuzofana. Kodwa kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwaze kwaba ngu-2013 lapho eqinisekisiwe ngalo mhlalaphansi. Ngaphambi kwalolu shintsho, abazisebenzayo bebengeke basheshe bathathe umhlalaphansi noma kancane; bekumele bafinyelele iminyaka yokuthola impesheni yomhlalaphansi.
Nokho, nomthetho ka-April 1, 2013, owafika ekuguquleni ingxenye yezimiso zohlelo lwempesheni, zase zifakiwe kakade. nakuba kwakungacacile futhi kudida ukwazi ukuthi zaziyini izimfuneko, noma ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuhoxa ngokwengxenye lungafinyelelwa yini noma cha.
Yebo, ngokulandela imiyalelo yezokuphepha komphakathi, kubahlomuli bomhlalaphansi ingxenye akukhulunywa ngabasebenzi abazisebenzayo noma abazisebenzayo, ngakho kuphakama ukungabaza okwengeziwe. Ukusesha okwengeziwe kuwebhu, siyabona ukuthi kungahle kubonwe kodwa kuyabonakala ukuthuthukiswa kokulawula okulindile, ngakho ezimweni eziningi kungase kungenzeki okwamanje.
Izidingo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi ingxenye kwabazisebenzayo
Ngokusho kwe- I-Athikili 318 Yombhalo Ohlanganisiwe Womthetho Ojwayelekile Wokuvikeleka Komphakathi, abasebenzi abazisebenzayo bangase bathathe umhlalaphansi ingxenye. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kungekho ukuthuthukiswa kokulawula, ngokusemthethweni, lolu hlobo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi alutholakali kubasebenzi abazisebenzayo.
Kusho ukuthini lokho? Nokho, nakuba ngokomthetho (ka-2013) kutholakala ukuthi bangawufinyelela, njengoba ungekho umthethonqubo futhi awukenziwa, awukwazi ukucelwa futhi utholakala kubasebenzi kuphela.
Uma bekubeka, izimfuneko ezimbili okufanele zihlangatshezwe yilezi:
- Ufinyelele iminyaka efanele ukuze ufake isicelo sokuthatha umhlalaphansi ingxenye. Kulokhu, esefinyelele iminyaka engu-60.
- Ukungahlomuli ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma okunesaphulelo ngaphambilini. Kumuntu ozisebenzelayo kusho ukuthi usebenze isikhathi eside waze wafinyelela ku-100% wempesheni yakhe.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ezilethwa ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ingxenye kwabazisebenzayo?
Ukukwazi ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi nempesheni kunezinzuzo eziningi kwabazisebenzayo. Phakathi kwabo, singagqamisa:
Ukuthi alukho ushintsho olukhulu lwendlela yokuphila
Ake ucabange ukuthi ubusebenza impilo yakho yonke, bese kuthi ngobusuku obubodwa, bakutshele ukuthi ngeke usakwazi ukusebenza ngoba usuthathe umhlalaphansi futhi awusewona umsebenzi wakho. Into evamile kakhulu ukuthi unomsebenzi "wenkawu" futhi uzizwa sengathi awulutho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi ingxenye okutholayo yilowo muntu Ngingaqhubeka nokusebenza kodwa ngibe nesikhathi esikhululekile ethatha kancane kancane. Ngakho, lapho umhlalaphansi ogcwele ufika, akazizwa elahliwe njengokungathi akasekho, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ezinye izindlela zokuqhubeka ezizwa ewusizo.
Qhubeka nokufaka isandla ukuze unxephezele impesheni
Kulabo abazisebenzayo, abavame ukufaka isandla empilweni yabo yonke ukuze bathole isisekelo esincane, kuyabasiza ukuthi ukuthuthukisa impesheni ukuze ifinyelele empeshenini ngokugcwele.
Uhulumeni wonga u-50% wempesheni
Njengoba ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane kusho ukukhokha ingxenye yempesheni kuphela. uHulumeni uyazuza ngakho ngoba inqobo nje uma uqhubeka nokusebenza, uzophinde ukhokhe izintela futhi awugcini nje ukonga, kodwa futhi uhola imali (noma ngabe incane, iyiholo).
Khumbula ukuthi umnikelo okufanele wenziwe ku-Social Security ngenkathi ubamba iqhaza ekuthatheni umhlalaphansi ingxenye ngu-8%.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwempesheni yabasebenzi nama-SME kanye nabazisebenzayo
Phezu kokuthi uguquko lwango-2013 lwaba luhle kwabazisebenzelayo, iqiniso lithi usemkhulu umehluko phakathi kwempesheni yokuzisebenza neyokuhola (abasebenzi).
Nakuba isilinganiso sempesheni yesisebenzi singama-euro angu-1155 ngenyanga, eyama-SME kanye nabazisebenzayo iyingxenye yalokho, ama-euro angu-635. Futhi kuyinto okuthi, naphezu kokungabonakali, kukhona futhi endabeni yaseSpain, yilabo abazisebenzayo kanye nezinkampani ezisekela uhlelo lwezomnotho ngokushintshanisa inzuzo yabo (khumbula ukuthi, ngokuvamile, njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu. , Umgcinimafa uthola ukugcina iholo lenyanga kumuntu ozisebenzelayo). Futhi lokho ngaphandle kokubeka ezinye izintela.
Ngakho-ke, futhi Nakuba ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kancane sekuzuziwe (akukakatholakali), lisekhona igebe elikhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi abazisebenzayo nabaholayo. kuze kube seqophelweni lokuhluka ezindabeni zabasebenzi ukuthi kufanele babe nokulingana.
Ucabangani ngokuthatha umhlalaphansi ingxenye yalabo abazisebenzayo?