Ukwehla kwemali okungalindelekile kwezimakethe zezimali kuholela abatshalizimali abaningi abancane ukuthi baguqule amaphothifoliyo abo okulingana. Ukukhuthaza, njengecebo lokubanikeza ukuphepha okukhulu, isisindo esikhethekile sezokuphepha ezisabalalisa izinzuzo phakathi kwabaninimasheya. I-Ibex-35 ingenye yama-indices lapho lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwezinzuzo kudla kakhulu. Ukunikela imbuyiselo yaminyaka yonke ephakathi kuka-2% no-8%, kuya ngokukhokhwa kwenkampani ngayinye.
Ngalesi sici, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinkampani ezibalwe eSpain zizosabalalisa cishe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-27.000 kwizabelo kulo nyaka, ngokusho kwesilinganiso esenziwe ngumphathi wesikhwama saseSpain uGesconsult. Futhi lapho kuncoma khona, esimweni samanje se-bearish sezimakethe zamasheya, ukuthi imali elondoloziwe itshalwe kwizibambiso ezikhokha isabelo semali, hhayi ukuyibuyisela kumasheya.
Kulesi simo esiveza lesi sigaba samanani, isu labasindisi kufanele ligxile ekukhuthazeni ukwenziwa kwemali kwama-akhawunti abo wokuhlola. Futhi enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ihanjiswe ngesahlukaniso. Kepha siyazi ngempela ukuthi le nkokhelo iqukethe ini? Yebo, yingxenye yenzuzo elinganisiwe esatshalaliswa kubaninimasheya wenkampani. Futhi yini ongazuza kuyo uma ungomunye wabo.
Akuzona zonke izinkampani ezisohlwini ezenza inzuzo emsebenzini wabo webhizinisi, kude nawo, futhi kuphela iqembu elikhethiwe lamanani we-index benchmark index kazwelonke abonisa la mandla kumabhizinisi abo. Ngenxa yalokho, baphethe ukuyisabalalisa phakathi kwabatshalizimali njalo ngonyaka, futhi ngokuya ngenzuzo etholakala kuma-akhawunti abo ebhizinisi.
Zijwayele ukuhambisana nezinkampani ezinamandla kakhulu emnothweni wezwe ezibalwe ezimakethe zamasheya. Ngokuvamile kusuka emikhakheni yasebhange, kagesi, kawoyela nowezokuxhumana ngocingo. Kepha inqubomgomo yabo yokukhokha ayifani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukunikeza, noma kunjalo, ukunikezwa okubanzi ongakusebenzisa ngokwakha iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali ezinyangeni ezizayo kusuka kuleli su elithile.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukwabiwa kwezabelo?
Akukwenziwa njalo ngendlela efanayo, kepha kuyehluka kuye ngecebo elikhethwe yizinkampani. Indlela ejwayelekile ukuyikhokha ngokheshi, ngendlela yokuthi abaninimasheya bakuthole ku-akhawunti yabo ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ezibekiwe zokuhambisa amashaji. Ngale ndlela, abahlomuli bazokwazi ukuthola imali eyengeziwe esitatimendeni sabo semali engenayo. Ukubasiza ukuhlela amasabelomali abo asekhaya ngokufanele kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kunenye futhi indlela ebekiwe ebekwa ngokwedlulele kwi-panorama yaseSpain yemakethe yamasheya. Imayelana ne- izabelo eziguquguqukayo, yize ungayazi ngegama layo lesiNgisi (i-script dividend). Yifomethi esanda kusetshenziswa evumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bakhethe phakathi kokuthola imali ngokheshi, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, ngamasheya.
Uma ukhetha le nketho yokugcina, umphumela osheshayo ukuthi ngeke ithinte imali onayo kwi-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola. Kepha ngokubuyisa, uzothuthukisa utshalomali lwakho ngisho nangaphezulu, nge- inani elikhulu lamasheya enkampani. Ngethuba langempela lokwandisa izimpahla zakho uma amanani enyuka ezimakethe.
Kufanele uyikhethe ngokuya ngezidingo zakho zangempela, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke ngokuya ngomkhuba okhonjiswe inani elikhethiwe ngaleso sikhathi. Njengomphumela, uma inkampani efakwe kuhlu ikhombisa ukuqhuma okuphezulu okuphezulu, mhlawumbe kunenzuzo enkulu ukuyibuyisela kabusha ngamasheya amaningi. Akumangalisi ukuthi zingaphinde zilinganiswe futhi uzoba nesikhathi sokuzithengisa ukuze uhlale unomphela nenzuzo yemali etholakalayo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma inkampani icwile enqubeni ye-bearish yokungaguquguquki okukhulu, ngeke kube ukuhlakanipha okukhulu ukukhetha amasheya amasha, ngoba uzolahlekelwa yimali ekusebenzeni. Futhi into enengqondo kunazo zonke ukuthi uzokwenza imali ngokukhokha ngokheshi. Noma kunjalo, kuzoba yisinqumo somuntu uqobo lokho kuzoncika kuwe kuphela, hhayi kwezinye izinto.
Zingaki izabelo ezisatshalaliswa ngonyaka?
Kusekhona abanye abatshalizimali, ikakhulukazi abangenalwazi oluningi, abasenkolelweni yamanga yokuthi kwenziwa ngokuthengiselana kanye ngonyaka. Akukho okunye okuvela eqinisweni. Ngoba empeleni, kungaba inkokhelo eyodwa kuphela onyakeni ngamunye wezimali, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zokusabalalisa zinikwe amandla. Zisukela ku- amathikithi wesizini yonyaka, okuvame kakhulu kumalungu e- IBEX 35, kuze kube ngekota. Lesi simo sokugcina yiso esikhethwe iningi lamabhange aseSpain, akhokha kane ngonyaka.
Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, kungahle kube njalo uma ukhetha amanani asuselwa enkambisweni yezinkokhelo ezenziwe, futhi lokho kuzokusiza ukubhekana kangcono nezindleko zenyanga ngayinye, noma unyaka wonke. Futhi-ke, njengoba kunengqondo ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba unamasheya amaningi, izinkokhelo zakho ngezabelo zizobe ziphana ngokwengeziwe.
Hhayi ngeze, kuzofanele ukwenze phindaphinda inani lokwahlukaniswa ngenombolo yamasheya onayo kuphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali. Umphumela walokhu kusebenza okulula nguyena ozoya ku-akhawunti yakho noma ebhukwini lokonga, ngosuku olufanayo lapho izinkokhelo zenziwa.
Imali engenayo engaguquki ngaphakathi kokuguquguqukayo
Ukukhetha ukuvikeleka ngezabelo kuyisu elijwayelekile kakhulu phakathi kwabasindisi abalonda kakhulu, abanesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuhlala unomphela, ngokuvamile kusuka eminyakeni emithathu. Bakha uhlelo lwamaholo minyaka yonke, ozoba ngalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki nokuqinisekisa konke ukuvivinya umzimba. Impela ingaphezulu kwe-3%, ezothuthukisa kakhulu inzuzo etholakala kwimikhiqizo yasebhange engenayo engaguquki (amadiphozi, amanothi ezethembiso, izikweletu zomphakathi, amabhondi, njll.).
Le miklamo yakamuva isebenza ngaphansi kwamamaki anesizotha impela, futhi ayenelisi neze ngezintshisekelo zabasindisi baseSpain. Phakathi kuka-0,20% no-1%, ngenxa yesinqumo sakamuva se-European Central Bank (ECB) to yehlisa intengo yemali, futhi lokho kuye kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamanani wenzalo yaseYurophu, alinganiselwa nakancane. Njengesilinganiso sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kabusha komnotho we-euro zone.
Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo sezimali, akumangazi ukuthi abantu abaningi, njengoba kungenzeka kuwe, bakhethe le ndlela yokonga yenza imali ngempahla yakho. Ngaphandle kokuthi izimakethe zamasheya zingashintsha kanjani ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungalahlekelwa yimali otshalweni lwakho, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye uzinikeze imbuyiselo eqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke, futhi noma ngabe amasheya abiza malini ezimakethe zamasheya.
Izinkampani ezibalwe zikhokha malini?
Imakethe eqhubekayo yaseSpain ingenye esebenzayo kakhulu ukwaba lo mholo kubaninimasheya. Ngokunikezwa okwanelisa ngempela izifiso zabo zokuthola imali engaphezulu. Futhi lokho kubandakanya cishe yonke imikhakha yezimakethe, neziphakamiso ezisikisela kakhulu kuwo wonke amaphrofayili womsebenzisi. Kusukela kokugcina kakhulu kuya kokunolaka kakhulu, futhi lapho ungavumelana khona isikhwama sokonga esiphephile seminyaka ezayo.
Eqinisweni, imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain isiphenduke umthombo wezinkampani ezinikeza izinzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okwenziwe ezinye izimakethe zamasheya zamazwe omhlaba, ngoba zinikeza imbuyiselo emaphakathi eseduze nesithiyo esingu-5%. Yize uma ufuna ukweqa lezi zimishi zenzuzo, ngeke ube nankinga yokukufeza, noma ucishe ukuphinda kabili lokhu kusebenza. Abanye babo baze basondele ekusabalalisweni kwamadijithi amabili.
Uma ufuna ukuzuza inzuzo ephezulu, ngeke ube nenye indlela ngaphandle kokuthenga amasheya ezinkampani ezinjengeRepsol, Telefónica, Endesa, Mapfre, Sacyr, Abertis, Enagás, Acerinox neGesi Natural. Yibo abahola uhlu lwezinkampani ezibalwe okwamanje ezinikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu senzuzo, ngamaphesenti aphakathi kuka-5% no-9%. Abanye bazisabalalisa ngokukhokha okukodwa, kanti abanye benza ukusebenza kuphumelele ngamanani amaningana wonyaka.
Izikhathi ezihambelana ngqo nehlobo nobusika lapho lezi zinkokhelo zenziwe khona ngokomthetho, ezinye zazo ngezigaba. Futhi kuzo zonke izimo, zimenyezelwa yizinkampani ezithintekile ngesaziso esithile kusengaphambili, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali kahle.
Ngenye indlela, futhi ngokushiya imakethe yasekhaya ungawathola la manani, noma ngabe ngaphansi kwamamaki amancane kakhulu. Futhi lapho umkhakha kagesi wakhiwe khona - njengakwi-panorama kazwelonke - kumthombo omkhulu walezi zinkokhelo ezijwayelekile.
Ukuphathwa kwentela kwezinzuzo
Olunye uhlangothi olufanele lokukhetha ukukhokhwa kwezinzuzo lususelwa ekuphathweni kwabo kwentela, nokuthi kulula kuwe ukwazi, ukubona ukuthi kulula yini ukusebenzisa leli su lokuphatha. Okokuqala, uzoqoqa le nkokhelo ngenetha. Kusho ukuthini? Kulula impela ukuthi uzoyithola ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola uma inani lemali ebanjwayo ye-Personal Income Tax (IRPF) selidonsiwe.
Ngale ndlela, ngeke kube yimali emenyezelwe yinkampani, kodwa kuzoba sezingeni eliphansi ngomphumela wokusetshenziswa kwezaphulelo zentela. Akumangalisi ukuthi kujwayelekile ukuthi abatshalizimali abancane abanolwazi oluncane bacabange ukuthi kube nokudideka, noma kumane kube nephutha ekudlulisweni kwemali etholwe kulo mholo owuthola njengomninimasheya. Kepha uzobheka ukuthi konke kuqondile yini, nokuthi abakwenzayo kuwe badonsa izintela zakho.
Ukwahlukaniswa yebo, kepha into esemqoka ukuthola imbuyiselo kumanani.