Izimali zemali zibe ngenye yezinto ezinkulu ezingaziwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yenzuzo yabo ephansi eminyakeni yamuva futhi ngenxa yalokho ababenzi bathambekele ekuqashweni. Ngokwesimo esijwayelekile, lapho izimali zokutshalwa kwemali zizonke zibhalise ukubuyiswa okuhle okungu-1,58%, lapho imbuyiselo engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ifinyelela ku-4,83%, emele imbuyiselo yomlando eqoqwe kangcono kunayo yonke semester yokuqala yezimali zokutshala imali.
Kepha lapho izimali zemali bekungeyona neze lezo ezenze ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kulesi sikhathi. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwayo ngokweqile nentengo yemali, ngesikhathi lapho isilinganiso senzalo sise-0%, izinga laso eliphansi kunawo wonke empilweni. Njengomphumela wenqubomgomo yemali eyenziwe iziphathimandla ze-European Central Bank (ECB) esifisweni sabo sokukhuthaza umnotho endaweni ye-euro ngemuva kwenkinga yezomnotho ka-2008.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izimali zokutshalwa kwemali zizinzile, kepha kunenzuzo encane futhi leli qiniso lisusa ukuheha phakathi kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi bathambekele kwamanye amamodeli ekuphathweni kwabo, njengezimali zokutshala imali kumasheya, imali engenayo engaguquki noma imbuyiselo ephelele njengefomula yokwenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo ngeziqinisekiso ezinkulu zempumelelo kusukela manje. Kepha zinjani ngempela izimali ezihlanganyelwayo zemali? Hhayi-ke, sizokunikeza okhiye abadingekayo uma kwenzeka uzobona kudingekile kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuqasha le mikhiqizo yezezimali.
Izimali zemali, zinjani?
Lesi sigaba sezimali zotshalo-mali sakhiwe ngamafomethi izimpahla zawo ezakhiwa okokusebenza kwemali engenayo yesikhashana, okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12. Babonakala ngaphezu kwakho konke ngokuvikeleka kwabo okuphezulu kanye nokuthengiswa kwemali. Ngenxa yalokho, bahlukaniswa nezinye izimali ngokuba nezimbuyiselo eziphansi kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka. Njengamanje, inzalo yakho yaminyaka yonke yeqa cishe u-0,50% ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi, akukho lutho futhi okuvumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bakhethe amanye amamodeli ekuphathweni kwabo. Ngalo mqondo, ziyefana kakhulu nezimali ezifakwa ebhange zesikhathi esinqunyiwe, ezinendlela efanayo yokuziphatha.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokutshalwa kwemali kungeyona indlela engcono yokwenza imali inenzuzo esifisweni sabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, basiza ukuthola umholo omncane ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngokutshalwa kwemali ngalezi zimingcele ezibuthakathaka zokulamula. Ngakho-ke sikhuluma ngomkhiqizo ohloselwe iphrofayili yomtshali-zimali onakekela kakhulu. Ngokuvamile abantu asebekhulile abangazazi izindaba ezikhiqizwa emhlabeni jikelele onzima wemali.
Amakhomishini aphansi
Ngokuphambene nalokho, futhi okuyisici esivelele kunazo zonke ukuthi amakhomishini awo aphansi kakhulu emkhakheni wesikhwama sokutshala imali. Ngamanani angavamile ukweqa ileveli engu-0,6%. Ngamanye amagama, kuncane kunezinye izimali zokutshala imali, kungaba imali engenayo eguquguqukayo noma engaguquki. Ukuze izindleko ezincane zikhokhele inzuzo encane enikezwa yile mikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngokunikezwa, okuthi ngaphandle kokuba namandla njengakwezinye izimali zokutshala imali, kufinyelela izidingo zabaninizo.
Esinye isici okufanele kubhekwane naso lapho kukhulunywa ngezimali zemali ukuthi zingasebenza njengomphelelisi wokunye ukutshalwa kwezimali. Kokubili ukulingana nemali engenayo engaguquki, yize imishini yabo ilandela izindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele futhi kufanele bahlaziywe ngaphambi kokubhaliselwe kwabo. Kunoma ikuphi, kungashiwo ukuthi lezi zimali zinenzuzo, kepha kunalokho ziphambene. Ngokuncipha kwezinkontileka ezenziwe abasebenzisi, ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva ethunyelwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco).
Bangaqashwa nini?
Isu lokutshala imali kulesigaba sezimali senziwa ngendlela yokugcina isikhathi futhi kunezimo okumele zihlonishwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngamanye amagama, esimeni sobuthakathaka ezimakethe zezimali lapho abatshalizimali bebalekela ukugeleza kwemali. Lapho ukuphepha kwabo kudlula khona amanye amasu okutshala imali anolaka. Ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi kuzoba nentshisekelo encane kakhulu ezotholakala kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zimali ezikhethekile zokutshala imali zimile impela. Ngaphandle kokuhamba ngandlela thile ukuze kungabikho zindaba kutshalomali. Lokhu empeleni kusho ukuthi ngeke kwenziwe imali noma ilahlekelwe kulokhu kutshalwa kwezimali. Isici esingahle sanele ngezikhathi zokuwa okukhulu ezimakethe zezezimali ngoba imali ivikelwe isambulela salezi zimpahla zezezimali. Ngaphandle kolunye uchungechunge lokucatshangelwa kohlobo lobuchwepheshe noma futhi ngokubuka kwezisekelo zalo. Okuthile okungabajabulisi neze bonke abatshalizimali abathengisayo.
Iminikelo kulezi zimali
Ngalezi zici esizihlaziye esikhwameni sokutshala imali, akungabazeki ukuthi akudingeki ukuthi utshale imali eningi. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba akukho okuzotholakala ekusebenzeni abakunikezayo. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, kuzokwanela ukwenza iminikelo emincane ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu nasebusweni bezikhathi zokungazinzi okukhulu nokungazinzi ezimakethe zezimali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ukulahleka kungafakwa kuphothifoliyo yethu yezimali zokutshala imali. Njengengxenye yecebo lokuzivikela noma lokugcina elihlose ukonga ngaphezulu kokunye ukucatshangelwa.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nomthelela wokuthi izimali zalezi zici azenzelwanga ukuthola imali enkulu. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, kuyindlela yotshalo-mali eye yaphuma emfashinini njengoba kumayelana namamodeli abazali bethu noma ogogo nomkhulu ababewasebenzisa ukwenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule nokuthi ngaleso sikhathi babenesizathu sokuba futhi babe inenzuzo enkulu ngenxa yokuthi inzalo emaphakathi ibitholakala emazingeni asondele kakhulu ku-7% noma ku-8%. Ngakho-ke singathola imbuyiselo kulondolozo lwethu manje okungenakwenzeka ukukufeza.
Imithunzi kule mikhiqizo
Kunoma ikuphi, kunezinye izinto ezingezinhle ezikhwameni zokutshalwa kwemali okufanele zihlaziywe ngaphambi kokuqashwa kwazo kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Njengesibonelo, ukuthi ngenxa yamakhomishini ekugcineni ungalahlekelwa yimali ngalezi zindlela zokonga umuntu siqu. Kanye nokusebenza kwayo okungenamsebenzi ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokuhlala unomphela futhi lokho kudala ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi ibhalansi yethu esikhwameni iba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi njengoba yayinjalo ekuqaleni. Ngaphandle kokwenza isikhwama sokonga njengoba kwakungumqondo wethu omkhulu futhi lokho kungaholela ekudumazekeni ukufakwa esimweni somqondo wethu njengabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi esiyikho.
Ngenkathi ekugcineni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi le mikhiqizo yezezimali mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi yenze noma yiluphi uhlobo lotshalo-mali. Uma kungenjalo, zingezesikhathi esithile futhi angifuni ukungenisa imali ebuyiselwe kulondolozo eyenelisa izintshisekelo zethu. Kunoma ikuphi, futhi ngokuqinisekile kungenye yezimali ezingagculisi kakhulu lapho okwamanje, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimali ezifakwa ebhange zesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Lapho inzuzo okwamanje icishe ingekho. Futhi-ke kubonakala sengathi kuzoba njalo eminyakeni ezayo, lapho kungasekho ukuzikhethela ngaphandle kokuzibeka engcupheni yokuthola imbuyiselo eyamukelekayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Utshalomali luyakhula kulo nyaka
Isivumelwano esithile empini yezohwebo kanye nesimo sengqondo sokulondoloza kakhulu seCentral Banks maqondana ukunyuka kwesilinganiso senzalo, kudale ithemba elihle ezimakethe zezezimali, ezithola ingxenye yokulungiswa kwazo ngoMeyi. Cishe zonke izinkomba zokulinganiswa kwamasheya zivaliwe ngoJuni kahle, nezimbuyiselo ezisuka ku-2,2% we-Ibex 35 kuye cishe ku-7% we-S & P 500.
Ngokunjalo, izimakethe zezikweletu zibhalise ukuvuselelwa kwentengo nama-IRR abo kumlando osezingeni eliphansi, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco). Isivuno sesibopho seminyaka eyishumi saseJalimane ekupheleni kwenyanga ngu -10%, kanti isikweletu seminyaka engu-0,32 saseSpain sifinyelele ku-10%. Kunoma ikuphi, inzuzo yale mikhiqizo isemazingeni aphansi kakhulu ukuthi yamukelwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokwenza isikhwama sokonga njengoba kwakungumqondo wethu omkhulu futhi lokho kungaholela ekudumazekeni ukufakwa esimweni somqondo wethu njengabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi esiyikho.