Izinkampani ezikulo mkhakha ziqoqwe enkombeni yazo ezingasebenza ukwanelisa isidingo sabatshalizimali. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza imisebenzi ibe lula, isu elisebenza kahle kakhulu lenziwa ngendlela ebonakalayo imali ebhalwe phansi. Izikhundla zingavulwa ngisho nasezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba lapho kubalwa khona ukudla okuyisisekelo, yize kucatshangelwa izingozi eziningi ekunyakazeni kwemali.
Ukudla akuyona nje into yokuphila kwabantu. Kuyindlela entsha yokwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngenhloso efanayo: ukuthola imbuyiselo enhlokodolobha. Lelisu lingabonakala ezinkampanini ezibalulwe ezinikele ekuthengisweni kwalo: i-Ebro Foods, iDeoleo, iTelepizza noma iNatra phakathi kwamasheya aseSpain ahambisana kakhulu. Yize kulula kakhulu ukuthuthukisa lesi sifiso ngesikhwama esidayiswa ngokushintshanisa esuselwe kulo mkhakha. Kunoma ikuphi, kuzohlala kuyindlela yokugcina eya kuzo zonke lezo zinkomba ezisuselwa ku- ukudla okuyisisekelo kakhulu. Njengoshukela, isoya, ukolweni, njll. Zibhalwe ezimakethe ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kunoma ikuphi, noma ngabe yikuphi ukukhetha, kunesici esivamile kuzo zonke lezi ziphakamiso zokutshala imali. Akuyona enye ngaphandle kwendima yabo yesiphephelo ngaphambi kwezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu ezimakethe zezezimali. Ngesizathu esilula kakhulu sokuthi bonke abatshalizimali basiqonde futhi lokho ukuthi amamodeli abo ebhizinisi awahambi ngokujikeleza. Lokho wukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuqondi imijikelezo yezomnotho, kepha kunalokho, kwenziwa njengesidingo sabantu. Kusuka kulezi izici Isikhathi sokuthola ukuthi imaphi amamodeli wokutshala imali anganelisa lesi sidingo esikhetheke kakhulu.
Ezokuphepha ziqoqiwe kulo mkhakha
Uma kungafuneki ukucwilisa ngokweqile, isisombululo esihle kakhulu ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya. Kungumkhakha eSpain onqunyelwe kakhulu ngenani leziphakamiso zemakethe yamasheya, kepha lokho kunikeza ukuguquguquka okuncane maqondana nentengo yayo. Ngezinga lapho ivikela izikhundla zabatshalizimali ekubonakaleni kwe- kwehle ezimakethe zokulingana. Ngenkathi umehluko wentengo yabo kuseshini eyodwa yokuhweba kungadluli ku-2%, ngokungafani nezinye izingxenye ezinolaka (ubuchwepheshe, amabhange noma izinkampani zokwakha) ezinamamaki angakhuphukela ku-5%.
Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa ukunikezwa komkhakha wezokudla, inketho enengqondo kunazo zonke ukubhekela imakethe yamasheya yaseYurophu emelwe inkomba I-Stoxx 600 Europe Ukudla & Isiphuzo. Iveza uhlu olufaka izinkampani ezifana neNestlé, Unilever neDanone, phakathi kwezinye ezaziwa kakhulu. Ukuvela kwalo mkhakha ngonyaka odlule kube kuhle, kubonga cishe u-10%. Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti afanayo enzuzo njengalawo akhiqizwe ku-Eurostoxx 50.
Izinkomba emakethe yamasheya yamazwe omhlaba
Kukhona enye indlela yokuthatha izikhundla kulezi zimpahla zezimali ngaphandle kwabalamuli. Kepha ngqo ezinkombeni zomhlaba wonke lapho kudayiswa khona ukudla okuyisisekelo (ushukela, ikhofi noma ukolweni. Ngeke kube khona okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuya ezimakethe zezezimali ezibaluleke kakhulu, njenge-United States neGreat Britain. ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okungalingani kuya ngefomethi ekhethiwe. Enye yalezi zinto ezichazayo yi- Impahla yeCRB Coffee okukhombisa ukwehluka konyaka kwe-0,25% kuphela. Enye indlela ukuletha ndawonye izinto ezimbalwa zokusetshenziswa enkombeni eyodwa efana naleyo emele I-Global Agri TR okubuyekezwe ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili ezedlule ngo-22,7%.
Futhi lezi zinkomba zokulinganisa azikhululwanga ekulahlekelweni kokuhlupheka ekuguqukeni kwazo ngonyaka wezimali odlule. Njengasesimweni esithile se- Impahla CRB Ushukela okushiywe kulesi sikhathi i-2,76% yenani. Ngisho kubonakala kuyisicaba, njenge Ijusi Lezimpahla Le-CRB Lezimpahla lokho akukaze kuveze ushintsho entengo yalo ngokwenza ukuthambekela okuphawuleka kakhulu kwe-lateral.
ETFs ukwehlukanisa utshalomali
Eyaziwa nangokuthi izimali ezithengiswa ngokushintshisana, le mikhiqizo ibamba ubukhona balezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ezimakethe zezimali. Ngokwesiko bashaye ezinye izimpahla ngenzuzo ngezikhathi zokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu ngisho nokwehla kwamandla omnotho ezimakethe zamasheya. Ngasikhathi sinye kusiza abatshalizimali ukuthi bazivikele ezingozini zomnotho. Ngaphansi kwalezi zindlela, kuvele ama-ETF amabili ahlinzeka ngalesi sici futhi aqale ukuhweba eLondon Stock Exchange. Ukufinyelela kule makethe ngendlela ehlukahlukene futhi sikhiqize ukukhula kusuka eminikelweni yezomnotho engabizi kakhulu.
Enye yezimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshisana yilezi ETFS Zonke Izimpahla GO UCITS, olusekela isu layo ekulandeleni inkomba yekusasa lezimpahla lenyanga. Ikhulelwe ngaphansi kwendlela yesikhashana emfushane. Enye inketho, I-ETFS Yadlula Zonke Izimpahla Ex-Agriculture kanye Nemfuyo, isebenza enkombeni ye- ikusasa lesikhathi eside okuhlukaniswe kakhulu ngokwandiselwa kwezinye izimpahla zezimali ezivela emkhakheni wamandla nezinsimbi. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyimikhiqizo ehlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zamasheya nezimali zokutshala imali.
Izinzuzo zalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali
Vele, ubhekene nokutshalwa kwemali okungaphezu kokumbalwa okukhona njengamanje. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile okuvela kuwe. Ikakhulukazi ngoba idinga ulwazi olukhulu ngezimakethe lapho kusebenza lezi zimpahla zezimali. Ukuthi lapho ungathobeli uba sengozini ye- ulahlekelwe yimali eningi kutshaliwe kulezi zimpahla zezimali. Kulesi simo esivamile, lezi ngezinye zezinzuzo ezilethwa ngutshalomali kuleli banga lezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Kuyindlela yokutshala imali engaba nenzuzo enkulu kunabanye ngesikhathi esithile. Ikakhulukazi lapho izimakethe zamasheya zingahambi ngezikhathi ezimnandi futhi awunazo izinketho zangempela zokwenza izimpahla zakho zinenzuzo. Akumangalisi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi noma ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zingaba amanani wokuphephela ngengxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Kuyinto enhle eyisisekelo kubantu bomhlaba ngakho-ke kuyohlale kunesidingo salokhu kudla. Ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane futhi lokho kuzoba yilokho okuzonquma amanani abekwe izimakethe zezimali. Nge oscillations lokho kungaba namandla kakhulu ngenxa yezinga lokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa. Ukuthi ungayisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukwenza imisebenzi futhi uthole inzuzo enkulu yemisebenzi ozoyenza kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Vele, kungukutshalwa kwemali okuhlukile kepha okungakhululiwe kwizilinganiso zenzuzo ezinhle kakhulu. Ukhiye uzohlala ngokwazi khetha isikhathi sokungena futhi uma ungahamba ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuze ngale ndlela, imiholo yakho yanelise kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngisho nangaphezulu kwentuthuko eyenziwe ezimakethe ezijwayelekile zokulingana. Ukuze usesimweni sokukhulisa yonke imisebenzi yakho kusuka kumzuzu wokuqala.
Le yimikhiqizo eyaziwa kahle yibo bonke futhi engaconsi phansi njengabanye. Ngokwalo mbono, uzoba nokuvikeleka okuphelele kokwazi lapho ubeka khona imali yakho. Ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokungaqondakali lapho kunikelwa khona imali yakho futhi lokho kungaholela ezimeni ezingaphansi kwezimo ezingafuneki. Njengoba kwenzekile eminyakeni yamuva ngalokhu okuthiwa imikhiqizo yezezimali enobuthi. Vele, akunjalo, noma kunengozi yokuthi imisebenzi ekhethekile enjalo ifaka phakathi.
Okubi kwalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali
Izinto zokusetshenziswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibuye zenze uchungechunge lokulimala okufanele ukwazi ukusuka kulo mzuzu. Ukuze uvikeleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi ozoyenza kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Lezi ngezinye zezinto ezifanele kakhulu.
- Badinga ifayela le- yinkimbinkimbi enkulu etholakala kuzona kanye izici zalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa. Vele, akufani nokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya. Esikhundleni salokho, ilawulwa yimishini ehluke kakhulu. Akungcono noma kubi, uma kungenjalo kwehlukile.
- Funa ukuthi une- ukuqeqeshwa okufaneleke kakhulu ukwedlula ezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Uma ungahlangabezani nale mfuneko ebalulekile, kuzoba ngcono ukukhetha elinye ikilasi lokutshala imali ojwayele ukusebenza ngalo. Lokhu kutshalwa kwemali akukufanele ukuya uma ungazi ukuthi injani imishini yayo.
- Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zinexabiso lentengo cishe izimakethe ezithile zezimali futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenza ngalezi ezinye izindlela zokutshala imali. Ngisho nokulungisa amanani wokungena nokuphuma ezikhundleni zale mikhiqizo.
Akunconyelwe kakhulu ukwaba amanani amaningi kulezi zimali. Kepha kunalokho ingxenye encane izokwanela kusuka okufanayo. Ngale ndlela, uzozinikeza isivikelo esisebenza kangcono ekusebenzeni okwenziwayo. Ngoba uma kunesici esivamile kulezi zimpahla zezimali, kungukushintshashintsha kwamanani abo. Ngale kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe okungathinta ukubhekwa kwalolu hlobo lotshalo-mali. Okuthile okungenzeki kweminye imikhiqizo yezezimali.