Izinto zokusetshenziswa: enye indlela yokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya?

Ngezikhathi zokungazinzi ezimakethe zezezimali, kunezinketho eziningi abatshalizimali abangakhetha ukuzenza imali etholakalayo ibe nenzuzo. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu njengamanje ukuthi kuvezwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ngoba kwezinye izimo zingasebenza njengendawo ephephile lapho kunokushintshashintsha kwezimakethe zezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Ezinye zalezi ziphakamiso zingaba namandla okubonga angasondela emazingeni asondele kakhulu kuma-40%. Kumele wazi isikhathi sokuthatha izikhundla ukuhambisa imali.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa empeleni ziyimpahla yezezimali ehluke kakhulu nalapho imikhiqizo eminingi idlala khona. Ekupheleni kosuku kuyinto enhle eguqulwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza kuze kube ube ngumthengi omuhle. Kukhona ezinye izimpahla ezibonakalayo ezingasetshenziswa ngqo ngabathengi ngoba zidinga ukuguqulwa (isibonelo uwoyela). Izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyisixhumanisi sokuqala ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza, futhi ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zenqubo zizoguqulwa zize zibe umkhiqizo ofanele ukusetshenziswa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sikugcizelele ukuthi umhlaba wokutshalwa kwezimali waziwa nangokuthi impahla. Leli yigama elaziwa ngalo kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi nokuthi ngendlela ethile likhombisa indlela yokutshala imali kulezi zimpahla zezimali. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi izimpahla zingenye yezimpahla zezimali ezinesiko elide kunazo zonke emhlabeni lotshalo-mali. Ngokuhambisana okubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi zibhalwe ezimakethe zazo zezezimali. Lapho zivela ekudleni, njengokolweni, ikhofi noma isoya kwenye yezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu okwamanje njengoyela. Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ukuthi luhlobo lwesikhwama esixubekile.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: amaphrofayli wokutshala imali

Vele, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene zingabhekwa ngalesi sikhathi njengenye yezindlela ezifanele kakhulu zokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya. Kepha banikezela ngochungechunge lwezici zabo ukuvula izikhundla kuzimpahla noma imikhiqizo yabo. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi abatshalizimali bafunde kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwalezi zimpahla zezimali. Okuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungahlali kwenzeka kulesi sigaba sezimpahla zezimali ngakho-ke izikhundla zabo zikhawulelwe ngokungakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphepha. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ungalahlekelwa yimali eningi kukho konke okwenziwayo uma ungazi kahle ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi sizomaketha ini.

Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubheka izinto ezingavuthiwe njengenye indlela yangempela yokutshala imali ezimakethe zamasheya kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nolwazi olujulile kakhulu ngezimakethe zabo. Lapho idlala khona indima efanelekile yokwazi ukuvela kokuhlaziywa kwayo kobuchwepheshe ukuze ikwazi ukungena nokuphuma ezimakethe zezezimali ngeziqinisekiso zempumelelo. Ngalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi sazi ukuthi singawasebenzisa kanjani amashadi okuyilawo azonquma isikhathi sekhotheshini yabo ngoba lezi zimpahla zezimali zibonakala ngokuguquguquka kwazo okuphezulu ekucushweni kwamanani azo. Ngokwehlukahlukana kuseshini efinyelela kuma-20% noma nangaphezulu kwezinye izimo ezithile. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ungasebenza kanjani nazo ngoba ubungozi obukhonjiswe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa bukhulu kakhulu futhi bungaphezulu kokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya.

Imishini yokusebenza ngalezi zimpahla

Uma samukela ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zingezinye izindlela zokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya, kufanele sicacise ngochungechunge lwezinto ezizobhekwa kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Enye yazo iqiniso lokuthi lezi zimpahla zezezimali zehluke kakhulu futhi ezinye azihlangene nakancane nabanye. Ukutshala imali kukolweni akufani nokutshala uwoyela ongahluziwe. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi imishini yehluke kakhulu ukusebenza nomunye noma enye. Kulapho okusemqoka ekusebenzeni abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abazokwenza kusukela manje. Kungaba enye yezinketho ezinenzuzo kakhulu kusuka kulo mzuzu onyakeni onzima kakhulu.

Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyizindlela eziningi, futhi ezinemvelo ehlukahlukene, lapho abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bengathatha izikhundla kule mpahla yezezimali ekhetheke kakhulu. Ubeka kanjani imali kuzimpahla? Ukutshala imali kuzimpahla kuhluke kakhulu ekuhwebeni ezinye izinhlobo zotshalo-mali. Inselelo enkulu ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuthi ziyizimpahla ezibonakalayo. Kunezindlela ezine zokutshala imali kuzimpahla:

Ukutshala imali ngqo entweni eluhlaza kungenziwa kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokutshala imali esizozidalula ngezansi:

Kusetshenziswa izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo sezimpahla ukutshala imali.

Ukuthenga amasheya ezimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshana ezikhethekile kwimpahla.

Ukuthenga amasheya ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza izimpahla.

Uma ufuna ukutshala imali ngqo kwimpahla uqobo, kufanele uthole ukuthi ungayithola kuphi futhi uyigcine kanjani. Uma ufuna ukuthengisa impahla, kufanele uthole umthengi futhi uphathe ukuhanjiswa kwempahla. Ngezinye izimpahla, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu, kungaba lula ukuthola i-inthanethi noma umthengisi wendawo lapho ungathenga khona ibha noma uhlamvu lwemali olungagcinwa luphephile futhi luthengiswa ngokukhululekile. Kepha esimweni sommbila noma imigqomo kawoyela ongahluziwe, kunzima kakhulu ukutshala imali ngqo kuzimpahla, futhi kuvame ukudinga umzamo omkhulu kunabaningi babatshali zimali abazimisele ukukwenza.

Ngenhlanhla, kunezinye izindlela zokutshala imali kuzimpahla. Izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo sezimpahla zinikeza ukuvezwa ngqo kuzinguquko zamanani entengo. Izimali ezithile ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa zenzelwe ukunikeza ukuvezwa kwempahla. Futhi uma ufuna ukuhlala emakethe yamasheya, ungahlala ugxila ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza impahla ethile.

Izinzuzo zokusebenza

Inzuzo yokuba nempahla ebonakalayo ukuthi akekho umuntu ophakathi ohilelekile empahleni yakho. Ngokuvamile, ungenza usesho olulula lwe-inthanethi ukuthola umthengisi okuthengisela okuhle okuthile, futhi uma ungasakufuni, lowo mthengisi uzovame ukulithenga futhi.

Imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu ongatshala kuyo imali ngqo yilezo lapho ukuphatha kulula ukuphatha khona. Igolide lingesinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu, ngoba ungenza utshalomali olubalulekile egolideni ngaphandle kokuthi lube likhulu kakhulu ukuthutha noma ukugcina kahle. Abahwebi bazothengisela abatshalizimali izinhlamvu zemali noma imigoqo yegolide, futhi bazophinde bazithenge lezo zinto lapho umtshali-zimali efuna ukuzithengisa. Abathengisi bendawo bangatholakala ngomlomo noma ngosesho lwe-Intanethi, kanti abanye balinganiswa yi-Better Business Bureau noma ezinye izinsizakalo zokulinganiswa ngokuthembeka nokwethembeka. Abathengisi abangabodwa futhi bangatholakala ku-inthanethi ngokuseshwa kwe-Intanethi, futhi bavame ukuba nobufakazi noma ukubuyekezwa okungakusiza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi bathembekile yini.

Okubi ngobunikazi obuqondile ukuthi izindleko zokuthengiselana zivame ukuba phezulu. Isibonelo, umthengisi wohlamvu lwemali lwegolide angakhokhisa imajini yenzuzo engu-2% noma ngaphezulu ngokuthengisa uhlamvu lwemali, kodwa bese enikela ngentengo elingana noma engaphansi kwenani lemakethe ukuyithenga futhi. Lokhu kwenza ubunikazi obuqondile bube ngcono kuzimpahla ezilindeleke ukuthi zigcinwe isikhathi seminyaka kunezinyanga noma izinsuku, ngoba izindleko zokuthengiselana zizonke zincishiswa ngokwenza imisebenzi embalwa kakhulu.

Njengotshalomali oluhlukahlukene

Ngemuva kwenkinga yezezimali, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'yi-commodity super cycle', okubhebhethekiswa ukukhula okukhulu komnotho waseChina, bekusho ukuthi ukutshalwa kwemali kubhasikidi wezinto ezahlukahlukene bekuzokhokha kahle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusebenza kwesikhathi eside kufaka nezikhathi zokuguquguquka kwesikhashana esifushane okungathinta izimpahla ezahlukahlukene.

Abatshalizimali kufanele baqaphele lapho betshala imali kuzimpahla ngazinye, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esifushane. Kungaba yisilingo ukuthenga umkhiqizo othengiswa esidlangalaleni onikeza ukuvezwa, ngokwesibonelo, amanani entengo ethusi ngoba kuzwakele ukuthi isidingo singakhuphuka. Kepha lungiselela ukuhamba okungajwayelekile.

Ngo-2002, umphathi we-hedge fund waseLondon wathola isidlaliso "Chocfinger" ngemuva kokugcina u-15% wokuphakelwa kukakhokho emhlabeni nokwenza inzuzo enkulu (Umfanekiso 3). Wazama futhi ngo-2010 esebenzisa indlela efanayo futhi izisekelo zazisohlangothini lwakhe: isivuno sakamuva sasiphethwe yisimo sezulu esibi futhi amasheya omhlaba ayesehla. Kodwa-ke, kukholakala ukuthi lo mthengisi wezimpahla ezithambile kungenzeka alahlekelwe yimali okwesibili ngenxa yezimakethe zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphendula kwabanye abatshalizimali.

Yize idlulele, le ndaba iqhakambisa izinselelo zokutshala imali ezimakethe zezimpahla. Lokhu kubuye kube nzima ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuthi ukwazi ukufinyelela ezikhungweni zokugcina impahla futhi ungakwazi ukwamukela ukulethwa ngokomzimba, indlela elula yokuthola ukuvezwa ngokusebenzisa imoto yokutshala imali, njengomkhiqizo othengiswa esikhwameni noma inothi lesethembiso elihleliwe. Okuningi kushibhile futhi kuyamanzi, kepha kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uthengani.

Isibonelo, ezinye izimali ezithengiswa ngokushintshaniswa ngegolide zilandelela eduze intengo yendawo ngoba zisekelwa imigoqo yangempela yegolide, egcinwa ezindlini ezivikelekile. Eminye imikhiqizo isebenzisa izakhi zokwenziwa, njengezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izimakethe zezimpahla ziyinkimbinkimbi, utshalomali lwakho lungahle lube nenani noma ngabe intengo yempahla eyisisekelo inyukile.

Isibonelo, kungavela inkinga uma kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamanani entengo kanye nentengo yesikhathi esizayo lapho kufika isikhathi sokuvuselela inkontileka yokutholakele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimakethe zezimpahla zivame ukuba khona kwesinye sezifundazwe ezimbili. Kuthiwa basentengo lapho intengo phambili yenkontileka yesikhathi esizayo ingaphezu kwemali elindelekile noma intengo ebuyiswayo ebuyela emuva, okuhluke kakhulu.

Izinkampani zezimpahla

Indlela eyinhloko yokuthola ukuvezwa kwempahla ngokusebenzisa imakethe yamasheya ngokuthenga amasheya ezinkampanini zezimayini noma zamandla. Kodwa-ke, kungahle kube nezinkinga zokuphathwa kwezinkampani kanye nemibuso engazinzile yezepolitiki emazweni lapho iningi lalezi zinkampani zisebenza khona. Izinkampani zezimpahla zizodwa zingakhiqiza inzuzo enkulu, kepha kaningi kunalokho, zikhiqiza ukulahleka okumangazayo; kungumbono wemboni.

Noma kunezinkampani zezimayini ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba wonke, utshalomali lwakho lungacekelwa phansi yinkinga engalindelekile emayini ethile noma emakethe yezimpahla, kanye nezingozi ezijwayelekile, ezinjengekhwalithi yokuphathwa kanye nezimo zemakethe ezingaphansi kwamanani.

Abatshalizimali abazimele kufanele futhi bacabange ngokucophelela mayelana nokuphathwa kwentela kwanoma yisiphi isikhwama sezimpahla. Isibonelo, ukutshala imali ngemoto engaphesheya kwezilwandle kungenzeka kuholele esibophweni sokukhokha intela yemali engenayo kunoma iyiphi inzuzo, engafika kuma-40% noma ama-45% wabakhokhi bentela abanamanani aphezulu, ngakho-ke ayisebenzi.

Njengoba amanani enzalo ase-UK eqiniswe ngaphansi kuka-1% futhi kungeke kwenzeke ukuthi kukhuphuke ngokuqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukunakwa sekuguqukele ekutholeni izindlela zokushaya ukwehla kwamandla emali. Ukutshalwa kwemali okucatshangelwayo ezimakethe zezimpahla kungabonakala kukhanga, kepha sikholwa ukuthi indlela yokusebenzisa iziguli enhlobonhlobo iyindlela engcono yokukhulisa nokuvikela ingcebo isikhathi eside.

Faka imali kwimpahla yangempela

Indlela eqonde kunazo zonke yokutshala imali kuzimpahla kungaba ukuthengwa kwempahla uqobo. Ngokusobala le ndlela isebenza ngezinto ezithile kuphela, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu, kepha noma kunjalo iyindlela yokuthola ukuvezwa kulezi zimakethe.

Uma ufuna ukutshala imali ngegolide, ngokwesibonelo, ungathenga ibha yegolide. Kuyinani legolide elicwengekile elihlangabezana nemibandela ejwayelekile yokwenziwa, ilebula nokubhaliswa.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga eziningi ngale ndlela yokutshala imali. Unenkinga esheshayo yokuthi kufanele ugcine impahla. Lolu hlobo lokutshala imali nalo aluluketshezi oluncane kunezinye, ngakho-ke kamuva kubiza kakhulu ukushintshanisa. Ngokufanayo, njengoba ibha yegolide ingahlukaniseki, ukwenyuka kwayo kuyanda.

Ukutshala imali esikhwameni esidayiswa esidlangalaleni

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abaningi abatshala imali ezimbonini benza kanjalo ngokutshala izimali ezidayiselwa ukuhwebelana ezisekelwa kwimpahla (ETFs). I-ETF iyisikhwama esidayiswa ngokushintshaniswa kwesitoko. I-ETF ingakhiwa ngamakilasi amaningi wempahla yamasheya, izimpahla, noma amabhondi. Amanye ama-ETF ahlose ukulandela intengo yempahla eyisisekelo uqobo, njenge-ETF yegolide ebonakalayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye bazozama ukulandela umkhondo wezimpahla ngokwakhiwa kwe-ETF engaba namasheya ezinkampani ezikhipha noma ezixhaphaza leyo mpahla. Uhlobo lokugcina lwe-ETF lungaziwa ukuthi lunentengo ehluke kakhulu kunempahla engaphansi.

Ukutshala imali kwinkontileka yesikhathi esizayo

Ikusasa lezimpahla ziyizivumelwano zokuthenga noma ukuthengisa inani elithile lempahla ngentengo ebekiwe nangosuku olubekiwe ngokuzayo. Umhwebi wenza imali uma impahla ikwazisa noma yehla ngenani elinqunyiwe, kuya ngokuthi uthatha isikhundla eside noma esifushane ngokulandelana.

Ikusasa liwumkhiqizo ovela kokunye, ngakho-ke awusiye umnikazi wempahla uqobo. Abathengi bangasebenzisa ikusasa ukuvikela izingozi ezihambisana nokushintshashintsha kwamanani (ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zezimpahla ezithambile kakhulu), futhi abathengisi bangasebenzisa ikusasa ukuze "bangene" emholweni wabo womkhiqizo.

Ukutshala imali kuma-CFD wezimpahla

Abatshalizimali bangathengisa ama-CFD ezintweni njengezindlela zokuthola ukuvezwa ezimakethe zezimpahla. Inkontileka yomehluko (i-CFD) ingumkhiqizo ophuma kokunye, lapho kunesivumelwano (imvamisa phakathi komthengisi nomtshalizimali) sokukhokha umehluko wentengo yempahla eyisisekelo phakathi kokuqala nokuphela kwaleyo nkontileka. Uhweba ama-CFD kumugqa, okusho ukuthi kufanele ubeke kuphela ingxenyana yenani lokuhweba kwakho. Ukuhweba okusetshenzisiwe kuvumela abathengisi ukuthi bathole ukuvezwa okuningi ngediphozi yokuqala yokuqala.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.