Ngaphandle kwalokho abatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi abangakucabanga, kukhona impilo ngale kwenkomba yokulinganisa yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, i- Ibex 35. Ngochungechunge lwama-stock indices angaziwa kangako kepha lokho kungakusiza ukuthi uhambise abatshalizimali bakho ngokulingana okulinganayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Angamanani aphansi kepha empeleni awanayo inzalo futhi angaba namandla wokubuyekeza okungase kukumangaze ezimweni eziningi. Ngamafuphi, kungenye indlela yotshalo-mali engcono noma embi kakhulu kunaleyo enkulu. Kepha lokho kungathakazelisa kakhulu ukwenza imali oyongele izuze kusukela manje.
Izimali zamazwe zikazwelonke zigcwele izinkomba ezincane okufanele wazi uma kwenzeka noma nini lapho uzwa isilingo sokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuhweba amanani abo. Kepha ngalomqondo, kuzoba ngokubaluleka okukhethekile ukuthi uyabazi futhi wazi ukuthi yini ongaphambi kwakho. Ngoba ekugcineni kosuku uzozibeka engozini imali futhi kulesi sici, noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuselelwa akulufanele. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, ngeke ube nokuzikhethela ngaphandle ube nemininingwane engcono kakhulu. Kuyisiqinisekiso esihle kakhulu sokusebenza ezimakethe zezezimali okumele senziwe ngempumelelo ethile.
Kulesi simo, uzothola ama-indices emakethe yamasheya azo zonke izinhlobo, okunye kuyaziwa kepha okunye kunjalo awusoze wabezwa. Kukhethekile, uma ungenalo ulwazi oluningi ngalolu hlobo lokusebenza emakethe yamasheya. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi awuzukukhawulelwa kuphela ku-Ibex 35. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, uzoba nezinye izindlela eziningi kunokuba ucabanga ekuqaleni. Akumangalisi ukuthi imakethe yezokulingana yaseSpain icebe kakhulu ngokubuka kokuhlukahluka futhi ungahle ube nezimanga kusukela manje. Ingabe uzimisele?
Izinkomba zikazwelonke: i-MEFF
Ngaphezu kwenkomba yamasheya, i-MEFF empeleni iyiqembu lezimakethe zezimali ngaphakathi kwezimali zezwe lethu. Ngoba impela, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhweba, ukulungisa kanye nokususa ikusasa nezinketho kumabhondi kahulumeni kanye ne-Ibex-35 stock index, kanye nekusasa nokukhethwa kukho esitokisini. Ngalo mqondo, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi imakethe eyaziwa ngokuthi i-MEFF isebenza njengendlu yokuhlanza emsulwa futhi elula. Kubatshali zimakethe ezisemthethweni ngakho-ke ilawulwa ngokuphelele, ilawulwa futhi igadwe ngabaphathi bezomnotho. Lapho ithatha khona indima ekhethekile, iNational Securities Market Commission kanye noMnyango Wezomnotho uqobo).
Ngokwalo mbono, noma yimuphi umuntu wemvelo noma wezomthetho, iSpanish noma owangaphandle, angaba iklayenti futhi asebenze kule makethe yezezimali. Ngamanye amagama, bangasebenza ngezimpahla zabo zezezimali, ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zezindlela zokutshala imali. Lesi sici ekusebenzeni sigqama ngokuthi wena, uma ufisa, ungenza imisebenzi ye ukuthenga nokuthengisa ikusasa nezinketho kusuka manje. Kepha ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lwemisebenzi ekhetheke kakhulu kunengozi enkulu ngoba kunemali eningi ongayishiya usendleleni uma uvula izikhundla kwezinye zalezi zimpahla zezezimali.
Imakethe Yesikhwama Esincane
Enye yezimakethe zezimali eziphawuleka kakhulu zezimali zikazwelonke yindebe encane noma imakethe emincane yokwenza imali. Amanani amabi kakhulu afakiwe angakunika inkinga engaphezu kweyodwa lapho ungena noma uphuma ezikhundleni zawo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba zimbalwa kakhulu izihloko ezishintshaniswa nsuku zonke. Leli qiniso likhiqiza ukuthi kunokushintshashintsha okwedlulele kumanani abo, ngokuphambuka kwamanani abo okungafinyelela yeqa amazinga angaphezu kuka-5%. Mhlawumbe kungenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zalezi ziphakamiso zemakethe yamasheya ngoba ezikhathini eziningi awazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela, noma ngabe ukuthenga amasheya abo noma, kunalokho, ukuthengisa.
Amasheya amancane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azwela kakhulu kuma-spikes wamanani amakhulu. Nge amandla aphezulu kakhulu aphezulu futhi kunoma isiphi isimo ngenhla kokuvikeleka okukuhlu enkombeni yebhentshimakhi yokulingana yaseSpain. Yize ngesizathu esifanayo, ungathola ukuwa okukhulu kakhulu okungaholela ekulahlekelweni yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemali oyitshalile. Vele, yizenzo ezidinga ukufundwa kulezi zimakethe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Indebe ye-Ibex emaphakathi
Inkomba yokuphepha kwemali ephakathi nendawo ingenye ethakazelisa kakhulu emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ngenxa yezici zayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi ungathola amanye amasheya afanele kakhulu asabalalisa ngisho nezabelo phakathi kwabaninimasheya. Ngenzuzo engaguquki eqinisekisiwe esondele kumazinga we-5%. Esinye salezi zibonelo ezicacile simele izinkampani ezifana Atresmedia noma NH Hoteles. Ingenye yezimakethe ezikhohliwe kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi babavimbele ekulahlekelweni ngamathuba webhizinisi langempela yokwenza imali ngokulondolozwa kwabo.
Le nkomba yamasheya aseSpain, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Ibex cup medium, ibonakala ngokuyisisekelo ngoba iguqulelwe kuwo wonke amaphrofayili wabatshalizimali. Kusukela kulaka kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukugcina imali yabo ngaphezulu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka eyisisekelo. Bonke banendawo eqenjini labatshalizimali elihlanganisa ingxenye enhle yezinkampani ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Futhi noma kunjalo, bafisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukujoyina inkomba ekhethiwe yemakethe yamasheya kazwelonke, i-Ibex 35.
Amanani we-Latibex noma ama-Spanish
Lokhu kuyimakethe ethile yezezimali ngoba ihlanganisa ukuphepha kukazwelonke nezinkampani zibalwe ekuhwebeni kwamasheya esiLatin. Sivela e-Argentina, eBrazil, eChile, eColombia kanye nengxenye enhle yamazwe akule ndawo ebalulekile yendawo engaphesheya kwe-Atlantic. Kulesi simo, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi ungathola ukuphepha okuhweba ku-Ibex 35, njengoba kunjalo ngamanye ama-chips aluhlaza njenge-Endesa, Iberdrola. I-Repsol noma iBanco de Santander uqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesici esisodwa esizokumangaza ngale nkomba ye-atypical nokuthi amasheya ayo adayiswa eSpain.
ILatibex ingenye yama-indices avezwe kakhulu emazweni asafufusa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamagugu awo. Lokhu empeleni kusho ukuthi imisebenzi yakho zithwala izingozi eziningi ukwedlula lezo okuthiwa izimakethe zendabuko. Lokho wukuthi, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho uvula izikhundla uma ungafuni ukuhlangabezana nezinye izinkinga kusuka manje. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kuzodingeka uqaphele kakhulu ekukhetheni izibambiso ezizokwakha iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Yize ngaphandle kokunyuka kwamanani ekhomishini okuzofanele ubhekane nawo ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwamasheya kule makethe yamasheya. Awukho neze umehluko emazingeni asetshenziswa ezikhungweni zezezimali.
Enye iMakethe Yesitoko
Ekugcineni, iqokomisa imakethe eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, njenge Enye iMakethe Yesitoko (MAB) lapho amanani wokuqagela kakhulu wezimali zezwe ahlanganisiwe. Ngochungechunge lwezibambiso ezisohlwini, kunokuba kube yimigqa yebhizinisi abayimele, ngokulindelwe okwenziwa ezimakethe zezimali. Kulesi simo esithile, ama-oscillations aveza ukuba nodlame olukhulu, ngama-divergences adlula ngokuphelele amazinga we-10% noma amaphesenti anolaka kakhulu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ungathola imali eningi ngalezi zimiso, kepha ngesizathu esifanayo, ushiya ama-euro amaningi endleleni. Akumangalisi ukuthi ubungozi bukhulu kakhulu futhi abufani namanye ama-stock indices.
I-Alternative Stock Market ayifanele wonke amaphrofayili yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, kuphela kubathengisi abaqagela kakhulu abafuna ukwenza imali eningi ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthi izinkampani ezibalwe kule nkomba yesitoko zingahluleka. Noma, ukwehluleka lokho, ukuyeka ukuhweba ngenxa yezinkinga zebhizinisi, njengoba kwenzekile eminyakeni eyedlule ngamanani athile wokuthatha isinqumo. Kunoma ikuphi, kungenye yezinkinga kakhulu lapho ungatshala khona iminikelo yakho yezezimali.
Njengoba kungenzeka ubonile, imakethe yamasheya ayincishisiwe ibe yi-Ibex 35 kuphela, kodwa kunalokho, uneminyango eminingi evulekile yokwenza izikhundla zakho emalini yaseSpain zinenzuzo. Kwezinye izimo kubhekiswe kakhulu esigabeni samaphrofayili wabatshalizimali ngaphezu kwabanye. Ngoba kunezinye izindlela eziningi onazo phambi kwakho, ngisho nasezimakethe zezimali owawungakaze uzwe noma ezazikhona. Sekuyisikhathi sokuzibheka futhi uhlaziye ukuthi kulula yini kuwe ukuvula izikhundla kwezinye zazo.
Imininingwane enentshisekelo nephelele ngiyabonga, ngithatha ithuba ukukutshela ngensizwa okwathi, ngenxa yokubekezela kwayo namasu ayo aphumelelayo, yeza ukuyihlukanisa njengenkosi yezokuhweba, uFernando Martínez tejedor, isencane kakhulu eyangena umhlaba wezezimali, Njengamanje ungumnikazi wamabhange abonakalayo, izinkampani njengomhwebi, futhi waziwa emhlabeni wonke njengomqoqi wemisebenzi yobuciko futhi elele phansi.