Izinhlobo zokuphuma kwezezimali okufanele wazi

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuvela okukhulu nokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali kuze kube manje futhi eminyakeni edlule, abatshalizimali abaningi bebelokhu besebenzisa okokusebenza kwezezimali okuhlukile ukufeza izinhloso zakho ukwenza inzuzo ngokutshala imali emkhakheni wezezimali.

Kule ndatshana, sizohlukanisa okuphuma kwezezimali okuvame kakhulu futhi okusetshenzisiwe manje ezimakethe ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, ngoba lezi zingamathuluzi athandwa kakhulu futhi aziwa yinoma yimuphi umtshalizimali emkhakheni wokutshala imali.

Okususwayo kuqukethe okokusebenza kwezezimali inani lalo elivela ekuguquguqukeni noma ekuhambeni kwamanani kwenye impahla, ebizwa ngokuthi "impahla eyisisekelo". Impahla eyisisekelo esebenza ngayo ivame ukwehluka kakhulu noma yehluke, njengamasheya ezinkampanini, izimali, ama-stock indices noma izinto zokusetshenziswa, phakathi kokunye okuningi okutholakalayo.

Ngamafuphi, okutholakele kuyinkontileka eya phambili lapho imininingwane nemibandela isungulwa ngayo ngesikhathi sesivumelwano, ngenkathi ukushintshana okusebenzayo kwenzeka noma kwenzeka esikhathini esizayo noma lapho kuphela inkontileka.

Iqiniso elibaluleke kakhulu maqondana nale mikhiqizo yezezimali ukuthi zingaphansi kokuphakanyiswa, okusho ukuthi, ukutshala imali kuzo sizodinga inani elincishisiwe noma inani uma kuqhathaniswa nokutholwa kwabo okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke imiphumela yalokhu izophindaphindeka ngokuhle nangokubi.

Kunenqwaba yezinto ezitholakala kwezezimali nezindlela zazo, ngezansi, sizogxila futhi sihlaziye lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

Ikusasa

Ikusasa yizinkontileka noma izivumelwano lapho ukushintshaniswa kwenani elinqunyiwe lempahla elisungulwe ngosuku oluzayo noma ukuphelelwa isikhathi okuthile kutholakala, ngentengo okuvunyelwene ngayo ngaphambili noma ngaphambilini. Ngokuzayo singamukela izinhlobo ezimbili zezikhundla:

• Isikhundla eside: lena eyamukelayo umthengi wesikhathi esizayoNgamanye amagama, uma inkontileka noma isivumelwano sesiphelile, uzoba nelungelo lokuthola impahla eyisisekelo. Kukhona futhi nethuba lokuthi umthengi avale isikhundla sakhe emakethe ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, okungukuthi, ukuthengisa ikusasa ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela adedele isibopho.
• Isikhundla esifushane: lena evunywa ngumthengisi wesikhathi esizayo, okungukuthi, nguyena ovumayo ukuletha impahla eyisisekelo ekuvuthweni ngentengo esungulwe noma evunyelwene ngayo kwinkontileka. Njengasesimweni esedlule, futhi ungaletha leso sikhundla ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi.

Ama-Warrants

Ama-Warrant awumkhiqizo okuxoxiswana ngawo ongeziwe ilungelo lokuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla ethile ngentengo ebekiwe nesikhathi esithile. Isitholi sewaranti sizoba nelungelo, kodwa hhayi isibopho, sokuthenga noma ukuthengisa okuyisisekelo ngosuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi.

Ukuthi ukusebenzisa ilungelo noma cha kuzothonywa yintengo ngaleso sikhathi sempahla eyisisekelo ngentengo yokusebenza.

• Thenga izimvume: ophethe isivumelwano uzothenga impahla eyisisekelo ngentengo ebekiwe ekusebenzeni. Uma kwenzeka intengo iphezulu kunaleyo yonyaka, izolungiswa ngekhredithi kumnikazi ngomehluko ovelayo phakathi kwazo zombili izintengo.
• Izincwadi zokuthengisa: ophethe ilungelo uzothengisa impahla engaphansi ngentengo yokusebenza. Uma kwenzeka intengo iphansi, isivumelwano sizolungiswa ngokukhokha umehluko phakathi kwamanani amabili.

Ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwenkontileka noma isivumelwano, ama-warrant angaba ohlobo lwaseMelika (angenziwa kuyo yonke impilo yewaranti kuze kuphele isikhathi) noma yohlobo lwaseYurophu (lungasetshenziswa kuphela lapho luphela noma luphela).

Izinketho

Izinketho ziqukethe inkontileka noma isivumelwano, lapho umthengi athola khona ilungelo nomthengisi isibopho, senani elicacisiwe kwimpahla engaphansi esikhathini noma ukuvuthwa okushiwo ngaphambili.

Iphrimiyamu inani noma ikhomishini umthengi anayo yokuthola lelo lungelo lokuthenga ngezimpawu okuvunyelwene ngazo. Lapho isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi noma sokubulawa sesifikile, bobabili bangayazisa inketho bese bayisebenzisa noma cha kuya ngenani okuvunyelwene ngalo kanye nentengo yamanje yemakethe.

Ngokuya ngokuthi izinketho zingasetshenziswa nini, futhi sinezinhlobo ezimbili, inketho yaseYurophu (ingenziwa kuphela lapho inketho iphela) kanye nenketho yaseMelika (ingasetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kuze kube isikhathi senketho) .

Izinketho kanambambili

Uma ungazi namanje Yini okukhethwa kukho kanambambili naka okulandelayo. Amasheya kanambambili awuhlobo lokutholakala kwezezimali okuye kwaduma kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokukhululeka kokuwathengisa (nawo abandakanya ubungozi obukhulu).

Izitoko zebinary zibonakala ngoba zinjalo uhlobo lotshalo-mali olusekelwe kukho konke noma lutho, okusho ukuthi, uma umhwebi ehlasela ukubikezela akwenzile, bazothatha iphesenti lotshalo-mali kepha uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukubikezela akulungile, akukho lutho oluthathwa.

Le misebenzi ingenziwa kuzinkomba zombili zokuhweba, okuwukuthi, thenga ("CALL") noma uthengise ("PUT"). Uma impahla nokukhethwa kokusebenza sekukhethiwe, isikhathi sokuphela kwenketho kufanele sikhethwe (abathengisi abaningi bavumela ukusebenza kwemizuzwana engama-60, imizuzu emi-5, njll.).

Ukushintshana

Ukushintshaniswa kunenkontileka yezezimali phakathi kwamaqembu amabili lapho evumelana ngokushintshanisa ukuhamba kwemali ngefomula ethile nokucaciswa. Lesi simiso senziwe ngezivumelwano ezenziwe noma ezenzelwe ukwanelisa izidingo ezithile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izivumelwano zokushintshana noma izinkontileka zinokucaciswa kwezezimali, amanani enzalo asebenzayo kanye nosuku lokushintshisana noma lokuphela komsebenzi, kanye nefomula kanye nezincazelo zobuchwepheshe okuvunyelwene ngazo enkontilekeni.

Izinhlobo ze Ukushintshaniswa okuvame kakhulu kusilinganiso senzalo kanye nesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa sezimali, ngakho-ke lokhu okutholwe kwezezimali kungumkhiqizo onzima futhi ongazifanele zonke izinhlobo zabatshalizimali, ngoba kunobungozi obukhulu nokuvezwa imakethe yezezimali.

Izinkontileka zomehluko noma ze-CFD's

Izinkontileka Zomehluko noma ama-CFD (Izinkontileka Zomehluko) yizivumelwano lapho umtshali-zimali kanye nesikhungo sezezimali bevuma ukushintshisana ngomehluko phakathi kwentengo yokuthengisa nokuthenga kwempahla ethile eyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, amasheya, amasheya ama-indices, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namazinga wenzalo , phakathi kwabanye.

Njengoba lena kuyimikhiqizo noma amamodeli angaqondile, abatshali zimali kumele bacabangele konke okubalulekile nezingozi ezingalethwa ngempahla ngayinye eyimbangela nomsebenzi ngamunye. Lokhu okutholwayo kwezezimali nakho kuyasebenzisa, ngakho-ke kufanele sicabangele ubungozi bokukhona, ngoba kungadala ukulahleka okukhulu kunenhlokodolobha efakwe kumthengisi.