Izinhlelo zempesheni ezisuselwa kuma-ETF

I-Bankinter imemezele ukwethulwa kwesithembiso esisha sezinhlelo zempesheni ngokususelwa kwizimali ezihwebelana (Izikhwama zokuThengiswa ezishintshayo noma ama-ETF, abizwa nge-English) ngePopcoin, umphathi wakho wokutshalwa kwezimali kwidijithali. Ngale ndlela, ibhange liba ibhizinisi lokuqala laseSpain ukufaka lolu hlobo lwensizakalo ngeumeluleki. Njengezimali zokutshala imali zikaPopcoin, izinhlelo zempesheni zale menenja zingavunyelwa ngabatshalizimali abangewona amaklayenti ebhange futhi abatshala nemali ethile kusuka kuma-euro angama-1.000.

Lezi zinhlelo zempesheni ziqinisa ukunikezwa kwamanje kwePopcoin, obekuvele kungokuphelele kakhulu futhi okuhlukahlukene emakethe yama-robadvisors. Kepha, ngaphezu kwalokho, banweba ububanzi bamanje bezinsizakalo zeBankinter, manje esenezinhlelo zempesheni ngokususelwa kuma-ETF, ezophinde inikeze amaklayenti ayo ngomphathi wayo wedijithali. Kuyimodeli entsha njengoba ixhunywe kumkhiqizo ocacile njengezimali ezidayiswa ngokushintshaniswa.

Esinye sezici zalesi sigaba semikhiqizo ngokusebenzisa ithrekhi ephindwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izonikela ngokokuqala ngqá ngezinhlelo zempesheni ezitshala izimali ezihwebelana ngezimali (ama-ETF) ngomphathi wazo ozisebenzelayo. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, uPopcoin azoklomelisa ukudluliselwa kohlelo lwempesheni nge-2,5% eyengeziwe ngaphezulu kwama-euro angama-5.000 kuze kube nguJulayi 31 ozayo. Ukuba ngenye yezindlela zokwakha ukushintshaniswa kokulondolozwa okuncane noma okungatheni esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Ngokombono wokutshala imali ohluke kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa namanye amamodeli ajwayelekile.

Izinhlelo eziguquguqukayo zempesheni

Abatshalizimali bazoba nezinhlelo ezintathu zempesheni zamaphrofayili amathathu engcuphe, ngokuchayeka okuncane noma okukhulu kuma-equities, futhi wonke angaphansi komhlaba, okungukuthi, angatshala imali kuzimpahla ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Lezi yizinhlelo ezilandelayo:

  • I-popcoin yomhlaba wonke okulondoloziwe: ngokuvezwa okufika kuma-25% kuzimali zomhlaba jikelele (isitokwe).
  • I-popcoin yomhlaba wonke ngokulinganisela: ngesisindo sokulingana somhlaba wonke esiphakathi kwama-30% nobukhulu obungu-50%.
  • I-popcoin yomhlaba wonke ashukumisayo: ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwizibambiso zokulingana zomhlaba wonke okungenani okungama-30% kuze kufike kuma-75% aphelele.

Okunye okufakile ngukuthi izohlinzeka abaphathi bayo ngebhonasi eyengeziwe engu-2,5% ekudlulisweni kwezinhlelo zempesheni ngaphezulu kwama-euro angama-5.000, ngombandela wokuthi utshalomali lunesikhathi saphakade okungenani iminyaka emihlanu.

Ngenzuzo efinyelela ku-3%

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esikhathini eside, ama-Individual System Pension Plans abhalisa inzuzo emaphakathi yonyaka (inani eliphelele lezindleko namakhomishini) lama-3,48% futhi, esikhathini esiphakathi (iminyaka emi-5 nengu-10), wethule inzuzo ka-1,34% no-3,11%, ngokulandelana, njengoba kukhonjisiwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco).

Lapho umthamo olinganiselwayo weminikelo nezinzuzo ezinyangeni ezedlule kuzoba: iminikelo ephelele yama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-204,4 kanye nezinzuzo ezinkulu zama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-203,0, lapho umthamo weminikelo ephelele yenyanga ungafinyelela kwizigidi eziyi-1,4 zama-euro. Ekulungiseleleni lezi zibalo, kufakwe isampula lezinhlelo eziyi-1.077 Individual System Pension Plans, okuyiwo imele cishe i-99% yezimpahla zayo, okungukuthi, ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-74.726 kanye nama-akhawunti wabanini bamasheya ayizigidi eziyi-7,50.

Kungani uhlelo lwempesheni?

Esinye sezizathu zokwenza noma iyiphi yale mikhiqizo yezezimali yenziwe ngenxa yokuthi kwenziwa ngcono amandla okuthenga ngesikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ngesikhathi lapho impesheni emaphakathi eSpain kulo nyaka lenyuke ngo-5,7%. Kufinyelela ezingeni lokufinyelela amazinga aphakathi kwama-euro angama-985, ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe nguMnyango Wezabasebenzi. Njengomphumela walamazinga empesheni yomphakathi, izinhlelo zempesheni ziyithuluzi lokwenza ngcono le miholo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze lesi silinganiso sisebenze ngokwengeziwe, kunconywa ukuthi ukwenziwa kwalo mkhiqizo wezezimali kungabi semthethweni eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufika komhlalaphansi. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, kunconywa ukuhlela lo msebenzi iminyaka eminingana ngaphambili. Ngeminikelo yemali minyaka yonke futhi ngokususelwa kumholo wangempela wabanikazi bayo. Ukuze bakwazi ukwengeza imali engenayo kusukela eminyakeni engama-67, okuyiminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kusukela ngonyaka ka-2027. Ngamafomethi ahlukile angavela kumholo ohleliwe, imali engenayo eguquguqukayo noma ngisho nakwezinye izinhlobo zokutshala imali.

Ingabe iqinisekisa inzuzo encane?

Ezinye zezinto iningi labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abazicubungulayo ukuthi izinhlelo zempesheni isiqinisekiso inzuzo encane. Impendulo ithi cha, ngoba kuzoncika ekuguqukeni kwezimakethe zezezimali, zombili emalini nasezimalini ezingenayo. Lapho izingozi ziphakeme kakhulu kwezokuqala zazo. Noma kunjalo, kuzoya ngesimo sezomnotho nakwezimakethe zezimali uqobo. Futhi lokho eminyakeni yamuva nje kudale ukwehla kubo, ngokwesaba okukhethekile okungenzeka ezimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke.

Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokulungisa le nkinga yokuthola imali futhi lokho wukwenziwa kube semthethweni kohlelo lwempesheni olunikeza ukubuyiselwa okuqinisekisiwe. Yize kunamamaki amancane kakhulu wokulamula, phakathi kuka-1% no-2,30% njalo ngonyaka nanoma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezezimali. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuwa kwalesi sigaba somkhiqizo kube nomthelela ezihlokweni zabo baba ngolindelekile ngesikhathi sokukhetha lo mkhiqizo wezezimali.

Ezinye izinketho zempesheni

Isixazululo esisodwa esingafunyanwa ngabahola impesheni baseSpain ngomkhiqizo othandwa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali njengezimali ezihlanganyelweyo. Kepha ngobubi obukhulu ukuthi ngomunye umkhiqizo wezezimali ongaqinisekisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenzuzo ngonyaka. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzoncika futhi kulokho i- ukuvela kwezimakethe ezehlukene zezezimali. Kepha kusuka lapho ungakha khona isikhwama sokonga esizinzile sesikhathi esimaphakathi neside. Kuya ngephrofayili abasebenzisi abakhona kulesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezezimali.

Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kukhetha kuvumela abaphathi bayo ukuthi baqale ukuklama imali yabo abayongele umhlalaphansi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ayikho imikhawulo kulesi sici futhi futhi ikuvumela ukuthi unikeze iminikelo yemali oyifunayo wena uqobo. Kungaphansi kwamanani amancane kakhulu noma nge ngokuqinisekile bafuna iminikelo ukufinyelela kangcono iminyaka yegolide empilweni yakho. Lapho ungakhetha khona phakathi kwezimali zokutshala imali ngokuya ngokuhluka okuguqukayo, okungaguquki, okuxubile noma kusuka kwezinye izindlela zokwakha ukuze ukwazi ukuthuthukisa amabanga wokulamula kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile.

Inzuzo yesikhwama

Mayelana nalesi sici, kungashiwo ukuthi inzalo ayinikeza abanikazi bayo inciphile ezinyangeni ezedlule. Ngalo mqondo, nangenxa ye- ukungezwani kwezohwebo, ukungazethembi kanye nokuphikisana nobungozi bekukhona ezimakethe zezezimali ngenyanga kaMeyi. Ngakho-ke, ama-indices emakethe yamasheya amakhulu azovala isikhathi ngokulahlekelwa ngokuqhathaniswa nokuphela kuka-Ephreli, yize eqhubeka nokuqongelela inzuzo enhle kuze kube manje ngo-2019.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungaqiniseki okuphezulu kwezimakethe zamasheya kubangele ukwanda okuqinile kwe ukufuna isikweletu somphakathi, ngokubuyekezwa okulandelayo kwamabhondi amakhulu. I-IRR yesibopho seminyaka eyi-10 yaseJalimane yehle yafika ku -0,20% isuka ku-0,03% ngo-Ephreli kwathi isivuno sesibopho seminyaka eyishumi saseSpain sehla safinyelela emlandweni ophansi ngo-10% (0,73% ngasekupheleni kwenyanga edlule). Lapho i-premium yobungozi eSpain yehle yaya kumaphoyinti angama-1,01.

Ukwahlukahluka phakathi kokuguquguqukayo nokulungisiwe

Ngomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwemodeli yokutshalwa kwemali eyodwa noma enye. Kusukela yize kunenzuzo embi yenyanga kaMeyi, Izigaba ze-Equity yizo eziqoqa izinzuzo eziphakeme kakhulu Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, amasheya ase-US namanani aqhamukayo aqoqa imbuyiselo ka-2019% no-9,6% kuze kube manje kulo nyaka, ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke, izimali zokutshala imali ezinokubhaliselwe okuphelele kakhulu ziyimali engenayo engaguquki (ikakhulukazi imali engenayo yesikhashana esifushane) nezimali zemali nge-8,5 kanye ne-879 million euro, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi yizigaba eziqoqa ukungena okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-166 nge-2019 ne-2.182 million euros, ngokulandelana.

Esimeni esingaqhubeka ezinyangeni ezizayo noma sigcizelelwe ukuwa ngamandla amakhulu futhi okungalimaza izintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Yize kuzoncika kokungenzeka ngamanani wenzalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic nolunye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungaqiniseki okuphezulu kwezimakethe zezimali kubangele ukwanda okuqinile ukufuna isikweletu somphakathi, ngokubuyekezwa okulandelayo kwamabhondi amakhulu. I-IRR yesibopho seminyaka eyi-10 yaseJalimane yehle yafika ku -0,20% isuka ku-0,03% ngo-Ephreli kwathi isivuno sesibopho seminyaka eyishumi saseSpain sehla safinyelela emlandweni wehla ngo-10% (0,73% ngasekupheleni kwenyanga edlule).


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.