Izilinganiso zikaJoseph Stiglitz

Kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufunda, ukufunda nokufunda izinto ezintsha, ikakhulukazi kwezomnotho. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle emakethe yamasheya, kufanele ugcine usesikhathini ngezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi uqoqe ukuhlakanipha. Kungakho kusizakala kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi osomnotho abakhulu bacabangani futhi bathini. Ngemuva kwakho konke, badumile ngengcebo abazele ukuzobonga ngayo ukuqonda kwabo kwezezimali. Izinkulumo zikaJoseph Stiglitz, ngokwesibonelo, ziqukethe ulwazi oluningi ngomhlaba wezomnotho nezepolitiki kanye nomhlaba wonke.

Kulesi sihloko sizobona okungcono kakhulu kukaJoseph Stiglitz. Sizokhuluma nokuthi ngubani lo somnotho, Iphayona Eliphumelele Umklomelo KaNobel Wezomnotho Wolwazi. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini le? Ngikweluleka ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.

Imishwana engu-25 ehamba phambili kaJoseph Stiglitz

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izingcaphuno zikaJoseph Stiglitz zingafundisa kakhulu futhi zifundise. Ngokulandelayo sizobona izingcaphuno ezinhle kakhulu ezingama-25 zalo somnotho ovelele.

1. "Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidingekayo ukwenza umhlaba wonke usebenze yizinguquko zokunciphisa ukusilela kwentando yeningi."
2. Ekwehlisweni kwamandla kwedola nezinqolobane: "Kepha kulapho iChina neJapan banenkinga khona: baqoqa amadola amaningi kangangoba, uma befuna ukuthengisa inani elikhulu lawo, idola belizokwehlisa, lidale ukulahleka kulabo ngihambile. "
3. "Ubumpofu bufana nokuhlala ejele, ukuhlala ebugqilini unethemba lokuthi uzokhululeka."
4. Ezakhamuzini zamazwe acebile ngemithombo yemvelo, nenkohlakalo: "Bangaze bangababheki nemali yabo, njengoba bebengakwenza uma bexhasa uhulumeni ngentela emholweni wabo abawuthola kanzima."
5. "Isizathu sokuthi isandla esingabonakali sivame ukubonakala singabonakali ukuthi imvamisa asikho lapho."
6. „Amaphesenti aphezulu aphezulu anemizi emihle kakhulu, izikhungo zemfundo eziphambili, odokotela abahamba phambili, nezindlela zokuphila ezihamba phambili, kodwa kunento eyodwa okubonakala sengathi imali ayiyithenganga: ukuqonda ukuthi ikusasa labo lihlobene nokuthi amanye ama-99 amaphesenti angamakhulu ayaphila. Kuwo wonke umlando, lokhu kuyinto eyodwa amaphesenti aphezulu ekugcineni ayifundayo. Sekwephuzile."
7. Countries Amazwe asathuthuka avamise ukubanjwa phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili ezingathandeki: ukumiswa kwezinkokhelo, okubandakanya ukwesaba ukuwa komnotho, noma ukwamukelwa kosizo (ukubolekwa kwemali), okubandakanya ukulahleka kobukhosi kwezomnotho. "
8. "Kuwubuzenzisi ukwenza sengathi sisiza amazwe angathuthuki ngokuwafaka ngenkani ukuthi avule izimakethe zawo izimpahla zamazwe athuthukile kanti ngasikhathi sinye avikele izimakethe zawo ngoba enza ukuthi abacebile bacebe futhi abampofu babe mpofu."
9. "Okukhathazayo ukuthi ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kukhiqiza amazwe acebile anabantu abampofu."
10. „Ukwanda kokungalingani kuqeda ukwethembana; inomthelela wezomnotho ofana nalowo we-solvent jikelele. Dala umhlaba wezomnotho lapho nabaphumelele beqaphela khona. Futhi abahlulwayo ... Kukho konke ukuthengiselana, kukho konke ukuxhumana nomphathi, inkampani noma umphathi wezwe, babona isandla somuntu ofuna ukusizakala ngabo. "
11. Technologies Ubuchwepheshe obusha (obuqiniswe yimithetho emisha yebhizinisi) buthuthukisa amandla emakethe ezinkampani ezivelele nezinamandla, njengeMicrosoft, zonke ezivela emazweni athuthukile; Ngokokuqala ngqa, embonini esemqoka yomhlaba, kunomuntu oyedwa odlalela izwe lonke. "
12. "Lezi zinqubomgomo zezimakethe zamahhala bezingakaze zisuselwe ezisekelweni eziqinile zezemfundiso kanye nezethiyori, futhi noma iningi lalezi zinqubomgomo liqhutshelwa phambili, abomnotho bezemfundo bachaze umkhawulo wezimakethe, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ulwazi lungaphelele, okusho ukuthi, njalo."
13. „Akekho ophumelela eyedwa. Kunenqwaba yabantu abahlakaniphile, abasebenza kanzima nabanamandla emazweni asathuthuka abasala behlupheka, hhayi ngoba bengenawo amakhono, noma ngoba bengazami ngokwanele, kodwa ngoba basebenza emnothweni ongasebenzi kahle. "
14. “Kuwo wonke umlando, umnotho osuthuthukile yilowo lapho amadili evalwa ngokuxhawulana. Ngaphandle kokwethembana, ukusebenzelana kwebhizinisi okususelwa ekuvumelaneni kokuthi imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu izocaciswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akusenakwenzeka. Ngaphandle kokuzethemba, umhlanganyeli ngamunye uyaqalaza ukuze abone ukuthi bazomkhaphela kanjani futhi nini. "
15. “Ngokwengxenye, ukuhweba ngokukhululekile akuzange kusebenze ngoba asikaze sizame: izivumelwano zokuhweba zangesikhathi esedlule bezingakhululekile futhi zingakhethi. Bekuyizimakethe ezivulekile, ezingenamikhawulo, emazweni asathuthuka ngemikhiqizo evela emazweni athuthukile ngaphandle kokubuyisana okuphelele. "
16. „Inani lentengo ukungasebenzi elithathela abasebenzi likhulu kakhulu futhi kunzima ukubhekana nalo. Kungcono umsebenzi onemivuzo eyehle ngokoqobo ngamaphesenti ambalwa kunokungabikho noyedwa. "
17. Esikhundleni sobulungiswa kubo bonke, sithuthukela ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa kulabo abangakhokha. Sinamabhange angekho nje amakhulu kakhulu ukwehluleka, kepha makhulu kakhulu ukuthi angaphendulwa ngawo. «
18. "Intuthuko imayelana nokuguqula izimpilo zabantu, hhayi nje ukuguqula umnotho."
19. „Othisha abaphambili bafundisa ngesitayela seSocratic, bebuza imibuzo, bephendula izimpendulo ngomunye umbuzo. Kuzo zonke izifundo zethu, safundiswa ukuthi okubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza umbuzo ofanele; ukubuza umbuzo kahle, ukuwuphendula bekuvame ukuba yinto elula. "
20. "Ukuwa kweWall Street kuzomaketha ubufandamentali njengalokho ukuwa koDonga lwaseBerlin kwakuyikhomanisi."
21. „Isiqalekiso semithombo yemvelo akusona isiphetho; kungukukhetha. Ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokusatshalaliswa kwembulunga yonke namuhla futhi, ngandlela thile, ukwehluleka kwamazwe acebile anezinsizakusebenza kuwuphawu lokwehluleka kwembulunga yonke. '
22. "Ukubona umnotho okungukuthi, ngezindlela eziningi, ohluke kakhulu kunalowo owathola ebuntwaneni, kuyasiza ukugcizelela izinkinga: endaweni yomuntu umuntu uthatha kakhulu, ngaphandle kokubuza ukuthi kungani izinto zinje."
23. Teachers Othisha bami bangisizile bangiqondisa futhi bangikhuthaza; kodwa umthwalo wokufunda wasala kimi. "
24. "Uma ukuzinza nokusebenza kahle kudinga ukuthi kube nezimakethe ezidlulela esikhathini esizayo, futhi lezi zimakethe ngokusobala bezingekho, sinasiphi isiqinisekiso sokuzinza nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lonxiwankulu?"
25. "EBhange Lomhlaba, ngazibonela ngawami umthelela omubi umhlaba wonke ongaba nawo emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi kwabampofu abakulawo mazwe."

Ngubani uStiglitz?

Manje njengoba sesazi imishwana ehamba phambili kaJoseph Stiglitz, ake sikhulume kancane ngokuthi ngubani lo somnotho owaziwayo. Ngo-1976 waphothula iMIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) kwathi eminyakeni emine kamuva wathola isihlalo sakhe eYale. Waziwa ngokuba ngumnqobi we-2001 Nobel Prize in Economics futhi njengamanje unguProfesa Wezomnotho Nezezimali eColumbia University.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJoseph Stiglitz wayeyilungu loMkhandlu Wabeluleki Bezomnotho kuMongameli uClinton uqobo. Kumele kuqashelwe nokuthi wayeyiphini likamongameli weBhange Lomhlaba phakathi konyaka we-1997 nowe-2000. Kulapho abona khona mathupha ubukhulu bomthelela omubi ongaba khona emhlabeni jikelele emazweni asathuthuka.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izilinganiso zikaRobert Kiyosaki

Elinye iqiniso okumele likhulunywe ngalo somnotho omkhulu ukuthi Ungomunye wababhekele imithetho ekhona ezomnotho wanamuhla. Futhi hhayi lokho kuphela, kepha futhi kuyisandulela somnotho wolwazi. Kule ndawo, uJoseph Stiglitz uqhubeka ngokukhipha izifundo ezihlobene nokwehluleka kwemakethe imvelaphi yayo ihlobene nama-asymmetries emininingwane. Ngale ndlela, uStiglitz ukwazile ukuhola izinqubomgomo zokungenelela zamazwe aphambili athuthukile.

Ubuye wabhala incwadi ebizwa nge "The Malaise in Globalization." Lokhu kuhunyushelwe ezilimini ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili futhi ukwazile ukuthengisa kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kushicilelwe khona.

Umnotho wolwazi

Umnotho wolwazi uyigatsha elifundayo ukuthi amasistimu olwazi kanye nolwazi uqobo lungathinta kanjani umnotho kanye nezinqumo ezenziwe ngawo. Imininingwane inezici ezikhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi eziningi zemibono ejwayelekile yezomnotho:

• Kulula ukudala, kepha kunalokho kunzima ukukholelwa noma ukwethemba.
• Ukusabalala kwayo kulula, kepha ukuyilawula sekuvele kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
• Ithonya izinqumo eziningi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izilinganiso zikaPeter Lynch

Mayelana nemininingwane njengesiginali, ichazwe njenge uhlobo lwesilinganiso esingesihle sokungaqiniseki. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufaka ulwazi oluphelele nolwazi lwesayensi njengamacala akhethekile. Imibono yokuqala ephathelene nomnotho wolwazi yayihlobene nomnotho wezimpahla wolwazi. Muva nje, sekwenziwe intuthuko ebalulekile ekutadisheni imininingwane yama-asymmetries nasekuthintekeni kwawo kumcabango wesivumelwano. Lokhu kufaka ukuthi kungenzeka ukwehluleka kwemakethe.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi imishwana kaJoseph Stiglitz isebenze njengomthombo wokhuthazo noma wolwazi. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sivulekele ukufunda izinto ezintsha ukuze sithuthukise kuzo zonke izici.