Ububanzi obuphakathi kokuphakelwa kanye nokufunwa buye baqina kakhulu kusukela ngo-1996. Ngisho nango-1996, 1997, 2000 no-2001, ukuhlinzekwa kwemali bekunganele futhi kusilele imali ezitolo. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80, igolide elilodwa likhokhwe ngama-dollar angama-850 aseMelika. Intengo yehla eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ezayo ukuze ifinyelele emazingeni angama- $ 1999 nge-ounce ngalinye ngonyaka we-250, futhi lokhu kubeke izinkampani zezimayini ithuba lokuhlola okwengeziwe.
Ngokombono wokuphakelwa, ku-2018, ukukhiqizwa yehle ngo-4%, ukwehla okukhulu kunakho konke eminyakeni engama-65 edlule. Lokhu kuthethelela ukuthi okulindelwe ngonyaka ka-2020 kubikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwegolide kuzokwehliswa ngama-30% futhi kuzoba yinto ecindezela amanani. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kungukunikezwa okungekho emthethweni kakhulu. Kuthatha iminyaka ephakathi kwengu-4 nengu-7 ukukhipha igolide uma imayini isikhona.
Kunoma ikuphi, igolide lingenye yezindlela ze funa indawo yokukhosela lapho ubhekene nezimo zokungazinzi ezimakethe zezimali. Ngamamajini wokulamula angaba ngamadijithi amabili. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okungahlukaniswa ngoba kungabhaliswa ngezimali zokutshala imali, ubucwebe, i-bullion nezinhlamvu zemali zale nsimbi eyigugu. Ngokungafani nezinye izimpahla zezezimali ezimile kakhulu ekunikezelweni okwenziwa kutshalomali lwakho.
Igolide: indima yamaCentral Banks
Esinye sezici zendabuko ezikhiqizile ukuwa okuqinile ngentengo yegolide babe ngamaCentral Banks. Isizathu salokhu kuziphatha sichazwa ngamazinga enzalo aphezulu abebehlala nawo. Njengoba ukutholakala kwegolide kukodwa kungakhiqizi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempindiselo, amaCentral Banks ngesikhathi senqubomgomo yemali ebekelwe imingcele abakwenzile ukuthengisa noma ukuboleka igolide ukuze bathole isikweletu samanye amazwe. Izinga lenzalo ephezulu lenze izindleko zamathuba okuba negolide ezigcinweni ngokweqile ngakho-ke amaBhange ayethambekele ekwandiseni ukuthengwa futhi agcwalise imakethe ngegolide.
Isimo namuhla siphambene ngokuphelele. Izinga lenzalo liphansi kakhulu futhi namathemba okwenyuka okunamandla ngokunjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zamathuba ziye zehliswa kakhulu futhi uma singeza kulokho izindleko zokwenza ukuthengiselana ngesikweletu kanye nengozi engaba khona yokutshalwa kwemali kwesikhathi eside ngejika lesivuno esiphelele, lezi izizathu ezanele zokuqala ukucabanga ukuthi iCentral Amabhange azokhawulela ukuthengiswa kwawo kwegolide kuze kufike ezingeni eliphezulu futhi kunengqondo ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi angaba abathengi bezimali ngenxa yezici ezinjengokuvikelwa kokukhuphuka kwemali esizochaza kamuva.
Ukuthengwa kweMisa yiChina
I-China iyaqhubeka nokuthenga kakhulu isikweletu saseMelika futhi umnotho waseNyakatho Melika uzoqhubeka nokwethula izabelomali ezisilele. Izilinganiso zokuqala (ezingabizi ngaphezu kwalokhu eziyikho, izilinganiso nje) ziphakamisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kweziphepho zakamuva kungabiza kakhulu kunempi yase-Iraq uqobo eyenzeka emashumini eminyaka adlule. Enye yezindlela ezimbalwa eziye zanikezwa njengomthombo wokuhlukahluka kweziphathimandla zezimali zaseChina kube yigolide.
Okwamanje, amabhange angumnikazi we-20% wesitoko segolide esaziwayo emhlabeni. Yivolumu ebaluleke kakhulu okuthi, esimweni sokuqala buyisela ingxenye yegolide elibolekiwe, ingagcizelela ukukhuphuka kwamanani ama-ounce ngamandla. Kunoma ikuphi, yisikhathi lapho kungaqalwa khona izikhundla kule mpahla yezezimali ngenhloso yokwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Ekusebenzeni okungekho engcupheni ngenxa yezimpawu zezindlela zokutshala imali ezikhethekile njengensimbi ephuzi okwamanje.
Funa izici
I-India iyaqhubeka nokukhombisa okukhulu ukuqina kwesidingo sakho. Imikhakha yendabuko (ubucwebe nobudokotela bamazinyo) ihlanganiswe nesidingo segolide ngenxa yotshalomali oluvela ezinkampanini zezimayini uqobo. Lezi zinhlangano bezithengisa umkhiqizo wazo ngaphambi kokuwukhipha ziye phambili. Bathengise igolide ngokuzayo ngoba:
- Ezinye izinkampani bacabanga ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokuwa okukhulu ngegolide ngeminyaka yama-80 kanye nama-90 ngokulindelwe ezimakethe zebhere.
- Ezinye izinkampani zithembele ku imakethe yesikhathi esizayo ukukwazi ukulungisa ("ukukhiya") izinga lentengo ngaphambi kokuxhashazwa kwemayini nokunciphisa izingozi.
- Zuza ku- izindleko zamathuba ukuthola imali yakho ye-premium kumashidi wakho webhalansi ngamanani aphezulu wenzalo.
- Umkhakha we ubucwebe nobudokotela bamazinyo iye yahlala ingekho emthethweni. Amazinga abo okukhiqiza awathinteki ngokuhluka kwentengo ye-ounce.
- Njengoba zibhekene nokwanda kwegolide, izinkampani kufanele thenga ingxenye yokuthengisa (buy-backs). Lesi ngesinye sezishayeli ezibalulekile zerali yamanani eya kumazinga angama- $ 460 ngehora ngalinye esikuwo njengamanje.
- China ibuye yabona isidingo sokunyuka kwegolide ngenxa yokugunyaza ukuthi kungenzeka kuthengwe igolide lokutshala imali kanye nezinhloso zokuqagela.
Okunye okubalulekile yiWorld Gold Council. I-WGC ivumile ukuthi ngeLondon Stock Exchange eLondon nase-US (futhi ifundelwa i-Australian Stock Exchange) kungenzeka ukuthi kutshalwe igolide ngqo hhayi ezinkampanini zezimayini zegolide. Umtshalizimali waseSpain unethuba lokubamba iqhaza kule makethe ngokusebenzisa izimvume ze-SG.
Izici zempahla ephephile
Asitholi lutho ngokukhumbula ukuthi igolide alincikile emandleni wezezimali noma isilinganiso somnikazi. Kuyimpahla engenazo izikweletu, ilungele ukutshala imali ezimweni lapho kukhona khona okuphezulu Izinga lesikweletu nobungozi bamabhamuza. Kukhona ukuvumelana okuthile ngobukhona bebhamu lezindlu emhlabeni wonke. Yize eSpain sikubonile ukukhula kwezulu emizini, akuyona into eyenzeka yodwa. ILondon noma i-US igcina amanani ezinombolo eziphindwe kabili. Imindeni yaseNyakatho Melika inamazinga esikweletu angaphezu kuka-80% kanti ngokusobala igolide liyindawo engcono yokuphephela uma kungaqubuka isifo.
Enye into ecindezela izimakethe ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kokunye okuphume ngenxa yokuvikelwa okulinganiselwe okunikezwa ukuvela kwezinsimbi zezezimali ezifana Ukushintshwa Okuzenzakalelayo Kwesikweletu. UWarrent Buffer ngokwakhe uthe: "Ngokubona kwethu, okuphuma kukho kuyizikhali zezimali zokubhujiswa okukhulu okunezingozi, yize kungenjalo ngokusobala, ezingabulala."
Ngokusebenzisa okuphezulu
Lokhu kukhuphuka kokuphakanyiswa, kokubili ngenxa yokuvela komkhakha wezezakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokunye okuvela kukho, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ube sezandleni zakwamanye amazwe Ama-65% esikweletu saseNyakatho Melika (50% ngokomlando) amema ukuthi abheke imikhiqizo engahlangene, njengasendabeni yegolide. Yize izikhundla kufanele zihlale zithathwa ngokuqapha okukhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka okungalethwa yile mpahla ebalulekile yezimali kusuka manje. Lapho kukhona noma yiluphi uhlobo lokulungiswa ngamanani abo olungenakukhishelwa ngaphandle olungasebenzela ukubheja okunamandla ngokwedlulele kuleli nani eliphephile lesiphephelo.
Igolide livikela kahle zombili ku izimo zokwehla kwamandla emali noma ezehlayo futhi yethulwa njengempahla engahlobene nokuvela kwedola. Kubatshalizimali abalindele ukwehla kwe-greenback kungumthombo ongaba yinzuzo. Elinye iqiniso elihehayo ukuthi kubatshalizimali kuma-Euro ukubongwa kwegolide kube kuncane futhi sekuhambile ebangeni elilandelanayo elinamanani aphezulu okuntengantenga ngenxa yeBrexit eyenzekile e-United Kingdom.
Isidingo sezimali zegolide
Kunezici eziningana okufanele zibhekwe ukwazisa lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kulezi zintengo zesikhashana. Futhi phakathi kwakho okulandelayo esikudalula ngezansi ukuthi kuzohlaziywa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi, ngenhloso yokwenza imisebenzi yabo ibe nenzuzo:
Ukwazisa ngezimali zendawo ze amazwe okukhiqiza maqondana nedola; amazwe afana neNingizimu Afrika, i-Australia neCanada babenezindleko zabo ngemali yakhona, ngemali engenayo ngama-dollar.
Imicimbi ethile emikhulu Abadlali okuvela embonini, njengokuthatha kukaHarmony okwenzondo kukaGoldfield, okutholwe ngendlela engeyinhle emakethe. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungenzeka ezinyangeni ezizayo zingaba kanye kanye ukunyuka okungcolile ngokwazisa kwebhulokhi kwezimali eziyinhloko (yize ngemuva kokunyuka kwamuva ku-ounce lo mehluko uyavala).
Ukulinganisa okukhethekile insimbi ephuzi enakho ngabatshalizimali abambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nesinye isigaba sezinketho ezijwayelekile kakhulu, njengokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya noma izimali zokutshala imali uqobo. Esimweni esisha lapho amafomula amasha okutshalwa kwezimali evela unyaka nonyaka, amanye awo enobuhlakani obucacile. Ukuze imikhiqizo lapho ukonga ingenziwa inzuzo ngalesi sikhathi iphakanyiswe. Yize abanye benobungozi obucacile ezikhundleni zabo.