Ngabe silifundile noma salizwa izwi lezimpahla ngaphandle kokubona kahle ukuthi imayelana nani? It is a term from the English Language, used in slang economic and the world world often as kufana nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Isisho inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo, ibuye ixhunyaniswe nokuqukethwe okuhlobene nesihloko okukhulunywa ngaso.
Kuyisihloko esithandekayo esifanele ukuphenywa futhi silandelwe.
Igama lezimpahla futhi ihlobene kakhulu ne- impahla. Ngokwandiswa kwe- izikhwama zezinto zokusetshenziswa, imiqondo emisha ngaleli gama yavela.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuhumusha ekutholeni ingcebo yezwe noma isifunda. Ngokuvamile, ziyizinsizakusebenza ezigcwala endaweni ethile hhayi kwezinye, ziletha umehluko phakathi kwezindawo zomhlaba ezinazo.
Kodwa-ke, lapho isizwe kuya ngokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa empeleni noma ngokuyinhloko njengomthombo wemali emnothweni wayo, ingahunyushwa ngokuthi ukubuyela emuva kwezomnotho. Umnotho wezwe ukuze uqine nawo udinga ukugxila kuzimpahla ezenziwe, umkhakha wezinsizakalo njll.
Ama-Raw material anenani elingeziwe elincane, babuye bethule i- Ukungazinzi okukhulu kwamanani akho, kubangelwa ukushoda kwayo nokuncika kwayo noma ithonya ezintweni ezifana nesimo sezulu.
Ikusasa lezezimali Bavumela ukuvikelwa ekushintsheni kwentengo. Labo abakhiqizi bezinto ezingavuthiwe bazivikela ekuweni okungajwayelekile kulokhu ngokuthuthukisa i- inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo, ukuqinisekisa amanani athile ngaphambi kokuba kukhiqizwe izinto zokusetshenziswa. Lolu hlobo lwezingxoxo selukhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.
Ezimakethe zezimali, lezi zimpahla zingatshalwa ngendlela efanayo nakwenye impahla, ngaphandle kwalesi sizathu kufanele ziphathwe ngokomzimba. Ezinye izinto ezibalwe kulezi zimakethe zezezimali igesi yemvelo, uwoyela ongahluziwe, ushukela, igolide, ukolweni, njll.
Ukwenza kube khona inzuzo lapho ixhashazwaLabo abakhiqizi balezi zinto kufanele basebenzise izindlela ezithile ukufeza lokhu. Izimali ezinkulu zokuqala zivame ukwenziwa ukufinyelela ekuxhashazweni kwazo.
Kuchazwa igama elithi Impahla
Impahla eluhlaza kuhle lokho izoguqulwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza inqume ukuyiguqula ibe ngumthengi omuhle, ngaphandle kwalokho ibingasetshenziswa ngqo.
Ziyizinto ezisondelene kakhulu nesimo sazo semvelo ngaphambi kokuba zixhashazwe. Beza ukuzothatha i- isinyathelo sokuqala ngaphakathi kokukhiqizwa kwamaketanga lokho kuzokhiqiza izindatshana ezizosetshenziswa.
Izinsizakusebenza zemvelo, njengamandla noma amahlathi, zingahlukaniswa njengezibonelo zezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Uhlobo lwe ukuhlukaniswa ukuhlukanisa kungaba ngokuya ngemvelaphi yayo:
- Yemifino: Imbewu, izithelo nemifino, izinkuni, i-cellulose, okusanhlamvu njll.
- Ifosili: Uwoyela negesi yemvelo.
- Izilwane: Isikhumba, uboya, inyama.
- Amaminerali: Ithusi, insimbi, indwangu yesaka njll.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo ezahlukanisayo.
Abathonya emnothweni wezizwe
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubaluleka kwalezi zinsizakusebenza empilweni yezomnotho wezwe.
Ake sihlaziye isizwe njengesibonelo: I-Argentina:
Izwe elinomcebo ngezinsizakusebenza ezingafani. Igolide, ithusi, isiliva, i-lithium, i-potassium, izinkuni, ushukela, ummbila, ukolweni, isoya, izithelo, ama-hydrocarbon.
Iphesenti le-GDP elenziwe umkhakha webhizinisi lezolimo ngo-2015 lalingama-30%.
Imiphumela kunqubomgomo yezwe
Amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhathini eziningi banethonya eliwujuqu ku ipolitiki yezwe. Kungafinyelela eqophelweni lokuthi umuntu ozongenela isikhundla sokuba ngumengameli noma esinye isikhundla esibalulekile kumele anake okwenzekayo kulo mkhakha nokuthi yini ehlobene nesizwe sakhe, ngoba kungamlahlekisela kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakhe kwezepolitiki.
E-Middle East, ngokwesibonelo, izinto zokusetshenziswa empeleni zingabaphikisi abahola imali kohulumeni. Ngakho-ke, uma ubheka lokhu, kuhlelwa imikhankaso yezepolitiki mayelana nalolu daba, kufakwe nezithembiso. Uma amanani ehla noma enyuka kakhulu, ithonya lingabonakala.
Yini engashintsha okunikezwayo?
Izici ze-Macroeconomic imvamisa kuthinta i- ukuphakelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngendlela efanayo, ezinye izimbangela eziqondile zingaba khona.
Ithusi, isibonelo, into eluhlaza efanele, isanda kuthintwa yizinkinga ezindaweni eziyinhloko zokukhipha emhlabeni jikelele. Izimbangela kube ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabakhiqizi nezinhlangano zezepolitiki, iziteleka ezenzekile, izehlakalo zezulu, njll. Konke lokhu kubangela Ukwehla kokukhiqiza okukhiqizwa ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholela ngqo enanini lentengo yale nto eluhlaza ekhuphuka emakethe yamazwe omhlaba.
Ukwenza isibonelo futhi: Uma, ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, iChina ithatha isinqumo sokunciphisa ijubane lokukhiqiza ezitshalweni ezicubungula insimbi yensimbi, inkinga engase ibe yinto engokoqobo, intengo yayo ingathinteka kahle yizindaba zalolu hlobo.
Isigameko samaminerali emhlabeni wonke sikhulu, futhi isicelo noma ukufunwa kwayo kuhlobene kakhulu nokutshalwa kwemali emisebenzini emikhulu yomphakathi kanye nengqalasizinda.
Amanani kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali
I-IMF embikweni ohlobene nombono weLatin America (Ephreli 2017) ithe ikhona ukufana phakathi kokugeleza kotshalo-mali namanani entengo. Ngalesi siphetho, kwahlaziywa amazwe anjenge-Argentina, iChile, iMexico, iPeru, iColombia neBrazil.
Kube khona ubufakazi iminyaka bokuthi Ukuncika ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kuholela ekubeni sengozini enkulu. Ukunyuka kwamanani aphezulu kungadala ukushaqeka kwangaphandle okuhle futhi okuphambene nalokho.
I-IMF iveze ukuthi akukhona kuphela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezinkampani ezikhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikwaziyo ukuthinteka, imiphumela ingathinta ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni enjengokwakha, ukuphathwa komphakathi, ezentengiselwano, ezokuthutha, phakathi kokunye.
Ukuqagela kwezezimali ngezinto zokusetshenziswa: Inkinga iba nomthelela ongakanani?
Isidingo sezinto zempahla sinyuswe ngamabhamuza aqagelayo ezintweni zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuholele ekwandeni komkhiqizo wezolimo, kanye nasezimayini nasekuxhashazweni kwamandla.
Phakathi kweminye imithelela emibi, ukusimama kwentengo sekusunguliwe ngemikhiqizo ethandwayo ekhonjisiwe. Lokhu kunjalo kuthinte izindawo zezitshalo nemikhiqizo, kwaletha nakho ukulungiswa kwemvelo, ukwenza kusebenze isivinini segiya futhi kuthinte amandla okuguquguquka.
Kuyinto eyenzekayo impela nge umthelela omubi eplanethi. Babeka ubukhulu bezinzuzo zezomnotho ngaphezulu nangokubaluleke kakhulu kunemithelela yangempela yezemvelo engaba khona. Kusetshenziswa imodeli yokufeza imiphumela yezomnotho, engeke isimeme neze.
Izimpahla kanye nedola
Izimpahla kanye nobudlelwano abubonisayo nezinga lesethenjwa lebhange laseMelika eliphakathi (i-FED) yilolo hlobo: Uma amanani enyuka, imali okwaziswa ngayo izinto zokusetshenziswa, okuyidola, izothambekela ekuqiniseni. Lokhu kuzokhiqiza ukuthengiswa kubatshalizimali besoya, isibonelo.
Namuhla kumongo
Izazi zezomnotho zibonisa lokho ngemuva kwenkinga, ngokokuqala ngqá a ukukhula kuvunyelaniswe ngokufana embulungeni yonke.
Iqembu lamazwe athuthukile kanye neminotho emikhulu esakhulayo ikhula ngasikhathi sinye. Isikhathi sokugcina ukubonwa kwalo mcimbi kwakungo-2006.
I-iron, i-aluminium, ithusi, i-zinc kanye ne-nickel, okuyizinsimbi zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, ezingxenyeni ezinhlanu kweziyisithupha zokugcina kulandele ukuthambekela okuphezulu. I-China inethonya kulo mcimbi ngokuvimbela ukunikezwa ukuze kulawulwe umthamo wokukhiqiza.
Izintengo ezizinzile ziyabonakala uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala konyaka okhona ka-2017.
Ukuba khona Izingxabano zomhlaba eVenezuela, Saudi Arabia naseQatar, badlala ngaphezulu. IWashington yona ihlela izenzo zokuvikela.
Ngokwe-IMF, umbono awuqinisekile, noma ngabe ukhona izingozi ezilinganiselayo.
UGoldman Sachs uthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzoba nemithombo yezimfuno ezintsha ezizosekela ukubuya. Njengesibonelo, izinsimbi zishiwo lapho kwenziwa amabhethri emikhumbi yezimoto, ekukhiqizeni ama-solar panels noma amamojula, ama-wind farm turbines, njll. Izinsimbi ezidingekayo kuzoba yi-aluminium, ithusi, i-lithium, i-nickel phakathi kokunye.
Sekuyiminyaka eyi-15 manje, iChina kube yiyo umthengi oyinhloko wezinsimbi zezimboni. Isebenzisa ingxenye yokukhiqiza ngokuya ngokuhlaziya okuchazwe. Ukulinganiselwa kokufunwa nokuncishiswa kwentengo kungalindelwa ngonyaka ozayo we-2018, kusekelwa iqiniso lokuthi iChina kufanele iguquke kwezomnotho wayo iye ekukhuleni okuqinisekisiwe ngokwengeziwe ekusetshenzisweni, ngaphandle kwalapho kukhona ukwanda kokusetshenziswa. izimbotshana zenqubo yokukhiqiza.
Endabeni yamandla, isidingo sisenamandla, kepha ukunikezwa kungumehluko. Bekukhona igesi yemvelo engaphezulu kwenele kanye no-oyela emakethe, ukuthokozela kokutholakala kwamanani entengo kanye namanani wehlise amandla. Ehlobo eledlule lesi simo sashintsha. Umgqomo kawoyela ongahluziwe ukhombise ukwazisa ngama-40% kusukela ngoJulayi odlule.
Kukhona ukufundwa kuka-2018 ukuthi umhlaba uzofuna okungekho emthethweni e-United States. Yize kungenakucaciswa ukuthi ngabe abakhiqizi kuleli bazokwazi yini ukuhlangabezana nesidingo. Isilinganiso ukuthi kuzodingeka ukulinganisela imakethe ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wansuku zonke kusuka ezigidini eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa.