Izikhwama zemvelo i-Bitcoin iqukethe isikhwama semali edijithali lokho kugcwalisa umsebenzi ofanayo onayo i-akhawunti yasebhange, ukugcinwa kwemali. I- ukusebenza kwamaphothifoliyo omzimba kungasuselwa ezintweni ezimbili ezilandelayo:
- Mayelana nenkulumo yomphakathi.
- Mayelana nokhiye oyimfihlo.
Simply a isikhwama semali ukuhlangana kwezinto ezimbili ezethulwe ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwesikhwama luzoncika endleleni lapho kugcinwa khona ukhiye wangasese. Ngalesi sizathu kunezikhwama eziningana eziphephe kunezinye, kukhona ezahlukahlukene ezingakhululeki noma ezikhululekile lapho uzisebenzisa. Ngokuvamile, izinga labo lokusetshenziswa lingaba okuphambene nokuphepha, njengoba sizobona kamuva kule ndatshana.
Izikhwama zomzimba ziphephe kakhulu, ngoba abadalulwanga ngokoqobo kwi-intanethi futhi, ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ngomuntu ukuntshontsha ukhiye wethu oyimfihlo.
Ngaphakathi kwezikhwama ezibonakalayo, kungagqanyiswa izinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu:
- Izikhwama ezisuselwa kwizinsimbi: Angamadivayisi abukeka njenge-pendrive noma i-hard drive ephathekayo ebhekele ukugcina okhiye bakho abayimfihlo futhi ungakhokha ngayo. Lesi yisixazululo esingcono kubantu abenza ukuthengiselana okuningi futhi abagcina izimali eziningi zedijithali, ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi phakathi kwejubane nokuphepha okuningi. Esinye sezikhwama zomzimba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yileso senkampani iTrezor.
- Izikhwama zephepha zomzimba: Lesi ngesinye sezikhwama ezingokwenyama abantu abazikhethela zona kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokungasebenzisi imali yabo yedijithali isikhathi eseluliwe, isb. Isikhwama esibandayo. Lolu hlobo lwesikhwama semali lungakunika ukuphepha okuphezulu, ngaphandle kokubheka ukuthi ngeshwa kuhamba kancane uma uzoyisebenzisa.
Amadivayisi athembeke kakhulu futhi avikelekile wokugcina ama-cryptocurrensets kulezi ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo ngenhla yizikhwama ze-hardware (wallets ngokomzimba). Ngokuphathelene nentshisekelo yabantu maqondana nezimali zedijithali, le ndatshana izocaciswa kulwazi olumayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhwama zomzimba noma zehadiwe zama-cryptocurrensets, nokuthi ungakhetha leyo oyithatha njengezidingo zakho.
Izinkampani ezaziwa kakhulu ezisebenza kulo mkhakha yilezi ULedger noTrezor. Imikhiqizo yabo kuthiwa isebenzisa isibalo esikhulu sabatshalizimali. ILedger neTrezor bakhiqiza umugqa wonke wamadivayisi wokugcina ama-bitcoins nezinhlobonhlobo zama-altcoins.
ITrezor njengamanje ikhiqiza enye ye- izikhwama zomzimba ezivikeleke kakhudlwana ekuhlaselweni nasekuhlaselweni yi-hacker. Lokho kuthenga kufanele kukubize cishe ama-euro angama-89, okuthathwa njengemali encishisiwe uma sikuqhathanisa nezindleko zama-bitcoins esingawagcina kulesi sikhwama. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele futhi uthenge kuphela ku- iwebhusayithi esemthethweni (thumela ngeposi) noma ngumthengisi ogunyaziwe.
Uma kwenzeka uhlela ukugcina amanani amancane, ngingakunikeza enye indlela. Unethuba lokwenza isikhwama semali kusuka ku-flash drive yakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-flash card, usebenzisa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele.
Ngokwengeziwe, ithuluzi elithembekile lokugcina amakhaza lwemali edijithali kungaba isoftware noma isikhwama sephepha esidala. Ukuphela kwento oyodinga ukubhala idatha ethile yokuthola kabusha, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi engagcina i-artifact ingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi uze ufake icala.
Yisiphi isikhwama semali esingakhethi i-cryptocurrensets?
- I-Trezor: Lokhu kubhekwa njengomkhiqizi ophephe kakhulu futhi ongowokuqala wallets ngokomzimba, ingxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali bemakethe banqume ukuthi inketho engcono kakhulu yiTrezor. Izindleko imikhiqizo yabo enazo zingama- $ 89 kuwebhusayithi yabasabalalisi esemthethweni. Izikhwama zazo azinamanzi futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, ungazithola zimhlophe noma zimnyama. Ngokwengeziwe, imikhiqizo yale nkampani ifakwe isikrini esincane lapho ungabona khona imininingwane yokuqinisekisa idatha yokuthengiselana kwakho, umphathi wephasiwedi, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbalwa, phakathi kokunye okuningi. Izikhwama zomzimba zeTrezor ziyahambisana neZEC, DASH, LTC, BCH, BTC kanye nezinye izimali eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye zezimali zedijithali namathokheni e-ERC20.
- ULedger Nanos: Izikhwama zomzimba zikaLedger Nano ziyahambisana ne-ETH, i-BTC kanye nezimali ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zedijithali futhi futhi zigcine igama elihle kubatshalizimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, muva nje le nkampani imemezele ukuthengiswa kwezinsimbi zayo ezingaba yisigidi.
Lezi zikhwama zifakwe nesikrini esincane, kanye nenkinobho eseceleni kocingo okufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana. Ngaphandle kweNanos enezindleko ezingama-95,59 euros, kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni siyabona ukuthi uLedger ukhiqiza nezikhwama zomzimba ezingeni lezinkampani, lezi zibizwa ngokuthi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lezi zinsimbi zinesikrini esikhulu nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyengeziwe. Izindleko zalokhu (iLedger Blue) zingama-euro angama-269.
- Gcina Ukhiye: Le nkampani ayaziwa kancane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye, kepha ikhiqiza izikhwama ezihlukile zomzimba. Inkampani ye-Keep Key ikhiqiza izikhwama ezikuvumela ukuthi ugcine iDOGE, DASH, LTC, ETH, BTC. Kubalulekile ukwengeza ukuthi lawa madivayisi anomsebenzi wokushintshana phakathi kwempahla ngqo kusuka kuthuluzi, kulokhu basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ShapeShift.
Le nkampani ikunikeza ukhiye wangasese ngokusebenzisa i-hardware-based (ngokomzimba) ye-generator yenombolo engahleliwe, ehambisana ngokungahleliwe enikezwe yikhompyutha.
Lapho usuthole ukhiye wakho wangasese, unikezwa ithuba elilodwa lokubhala amanye yenza isipele i-KeepKey yakho, ngesimo somusho wokuthola amagama angaba yishumi nambili.
Ukhiye wakho wokuqinisekisa ubunikazi uzogcinwa uvikelekile kudivayisi yakho ye-KeepKey ngaphandle kokuwususa. Leli thuluzi livikelwe nge-password yakho noma i-PIN, okuzokwenza ukuthi lingasizi ngalutho ngokuphelele uma liwela ezandleni ezingafanele. Futhi, lokhu kuyahambisana namakhasimende afaka i-Electrum neMycelium.
Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, okubi ukuthi kungathengwa kuphela nge-oda langaphambilini ngaphandle kosuku lokulethwa okuqinisekisiwe. Izindleko zayo zingama- $ 129.
- IBitlox: Ukucaciswa kwezikhwama zemvelo zeBitlox ukuthi azisebenzisi i-USB ukuxhuma kwikhompyutha, kepha zikwenza ngeBluetooth. Ngokuvamile amamodeli ale nkampani, iBitlox ifana nekhadi elincanyana elihlakaniphile. Izindleko zalokhu zivela kuma-euro angama-98. Ngeshwa, ngokuya ngesitoreji, itholakala kuphela nge-BTC, kepha abathuthukisi bayo bathi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, lezi zikhwama zomzimba zizovumela ama-altcoyin. Ngokwengeziwe, inkampani yeBitlox inohlelo lokusebenzisana, olubavumela ukuthi bathole izinzuzo ezithile futhi bakwazi ukuba ngabamele le nkampani.
- I-Bitbox Digital: Lezi zikhwama zomzimba azinakho ukubonisa kudivayisi. I-Digital Bitbox isebenzisa ikhadi le-SD elincane, futhi leli futhi lisekela iTor neMisila. Akunandaba nomsebenzi wakho omncane, unemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nohlelo lokugunyazwa kwezinto ezimbili futhi unezinga eliphakeme lokuphepha. Lokhu kukhiqizwa eSwitzerland futhi kunenani elilinganisiwe lama-euro angama-59, ngokulethwa inkokhelo ingama-euro angama-78.
I-Digital Bitbox yisikhwama semvelo se-bitcoin esinomklamo omncane, okwenza kube umkhiqizo oyimfihlo kakhulu futhi ophephe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke ungagcina futhi usebenzise imali yakho yedijithali ngokuphepha nangokuthula kwengqondo.
Inkatho leyo ikhadi le-Micro SD lihlanganisiwe, ivumela ukuthola ikhophi nokululama yize ungenakho ukuxhumana. Ngeke ube nesidingo sokudalula isikhwama sakho semali ngenkathi uthayipha kukhibhodi noma ngenkathi ukhombisa imininingwane yokutakula esikrinini, uyishiye ithambekele ekwebeni ngokufaka ama-keylogging, amakhamera noma izithombe-skrini.
Ngokungafani nabanye izikhwama zehadiwe, Ngale divayisi, unamandla okwenza isipele semali sakho semali kaningi kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungashintsha phakathi kwezikhwama ezahlukene ngokushesha.
Onke amadivayisi okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili kulesi sihloko ahlolwe yizigidi zabasebenzisi, abe nemiphumela ephumelelayo ngakho ungakhathazeki futhi ungangabazi ngokuphepha abanakho.
Kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe imodeli evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho, khumbula ukuthi uphenye kabanzi mayelana nalezi ngoba kungcono ukuthi ungenzi izindleko ezingadingekile.
Siyazi ukuthi lawa madivayisi aphakathi okuphephe kakhulu ngoba ngale ndlela ngeke uzifake engcupheni ngokudalula imininingwane yakho kwi-intanethi, ngaphezu kokuthi inkampani ngayinye ikunikeza izinketho ezahlukahlukene zokuphepha ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha engcono kakhulu Kukufanele. Kodwa-ke, okufanele kuqashelwe ngale mikhiqizo ukuthi ikunikeza ithuba lokuthi ukwazi ukugcina izimali zedijithali ngokuzimela futhi uphathe okhiye, ngaphandle kokuthembela kwezinye izinsizakalo nezinkundla ezisendaweni eyodwa.