Omunye wemikhiqizo engaziwa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ngokungangabazeki okubizwa ngokuthi yizibopho zokushisekela izwe. Ukuze wazi kangcono ukuthi lo mkhiqizo ongaguquki wemali engenayo uqukethe ini, sizokunikeza okhiye besakhiwo sawo nokuthi ungawuqasha kanjani kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ngoba igama lalo alisho ukuthi yi- umkhiqizo kazwelonke ovelele futhi lokho kulungiselelwe emiphakathini ngayinye ezimele yezwe lethu.
Izibopho zokushisekela izwe ziye zaduma kabi eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezingozi eziningi ezihilelekile ekwenzeni kwabo izinto ngokusemthethweni. Kufike ezingeni lokuthi bakwazi ulahlekelwe yingxenye yenhlokodolobha etshaliwe futhi lesi yisizathu sangempela sokwethula inzalo ephakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile kulezi zimo. Njengesikhuthazo kubo sokuthi baqashwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kunoma ikuphi, kungakuhle ukugcizelela ukuthi sibhekene nomkhiqizo wemali engenayo ongashintshi.
Ama-Patriotic bond abonakala ngokusobala ngabo ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, noma ngabe zixhunyaniswe nemali engenayo engaguquki. Ngomqondo wokuthi inzuzo yayo ingahluka kakhulu kusuka kokunye kuya komunye nasemphakathini ofanayo ozimele. Ngokwehluka okungafinyelela amaphuzu amaningi wamaphesenti futhi amele imali eningi ekutshalweni okwenziwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngokwalokhu kubukwa, kungashiwo ngokuphepha ukuthi kungumkhiqizo wezezimali oguquguqukayo futhi awukhombisi ukufana okufanayo eminyakeni edlule.
Ama-Patriotic Bonds: Izinkinga Zakamuva
Ngalesi sikhathi kunjalo Isifundazwe saseMadrid leyo ethuthele emakethe lapho yethula umkhiqizo wotshalo-mali walezi zici. Ngoba empeleni, kudalulwe udaba olusha lwamabhondi “wokulinganisa” asimeme oMphakathi waseMadrid ngemali eyi-1.250 yezigidi zama-euro. Lokhu ukukhishwa kwesihlanu okusimeme lokhu kubhaliswa Kwezokulawulwa Komphakathi emakethe ye-AIAF kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2016, okwenza kube ngumkhiphi wokulinganisa emkhakheni wezezimali ezisimeme futhi kuhlanganisa iMakethe ye-AIAF njengesilinganiso salolu hlobo lokukhishwa.
Amabhondi anenani ngalinye lomuntu ngamunye I-1.000 euro nesigqebhezana esimisiwe sonyaka esingu-1,571%. Usuku lokugcina lokuncishiswa kwamanani ngu-Ephreli 30, 2029. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlangano zezezimali i-BBVA, HSBC, ING, Banco Sabadell kanye neBanco Santander basebenze njengabaHleli bencwadi. Umphakathi waseMadrid unezilinganiso ze I-Baa1, umbono ozinzile, onikezwe ngabakwaMoody's; BBB +, umbono ozinzile, nge-S & P, BBB, uzinzile, nguFitch futhi A-, esitebeleni, nge-DBRS.
Izibopho eziluhlaza nezenhlalo
UGonzalo Gómez Retuerto, Umqondisi Jikelele we-BME Renta Fija, uveza lokho "Amabhondi aluhlaza nezenhlalo asephenduke isigaba sezimpahla ngokwazo futhi afunwa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali bamazwe aphesheya". Umthamo ophelele okhishwe ngo-2018 walolu hlobo lwempahla weqe izigidi ezingama-167.000 zamaRandi. "Abakhiphi baseSpain bahlala endaweni yesithupha evelele ezingeni lomhlaba." Umphakathi waseMadrid wawungowokuqala Ukuphathwa Komphakathi waseSpain owacela ukukhishwa emakethe yezibopho ukuxhasa amaphrojekthi omphakathi ikakhulukazi, kukhombisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu koMphakathi ngezici ezingezona ezezimali ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nentuthuko.
Kulesi senzakalo, le ndlela ekutshalweni kwemali inikeza inzuzo isondele ku-1,50%, noma yini efanayo, ephakeme kunaleyo eyenziwe yimikhiqizo yasebhange eyinhloko. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso zasebhange noma ama-akhawunti akhiqiza kakhulu, lapho wonke amacala enganikeli ngenzalo engaphezu kuka-0,75% kubanikazi bawo. Kodwa-ke, okubizwa ngokuthi yizibopho zokushisekela izwe akunaso isikhwama sokuqinisekisa idiphozi, njengoba kunjalo nangediphozi yethemu. Uma kwenzeka kunoma yisiphi isehlakalo amabhizinisi akhipha lo mkhiqizo wezezimali angavela. Kulokhu, imiphakathi ezizimele uqobo.
Ukuzuza kwalezi zibopho
Izinga lenzalo elenziwa yileli banga lemikhiqizo yezezimali alihlali lifana ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngisho nasemphakathini ofanayo ozimele. Imvamisa ungaba phakathi kuka-1% kuze kufike ku-8%. Lapho kugcinwa khona umthetho oqinile futhi yilokho njengoba ubungozi buphakeme inzuzo iphakeme. Kuyisu lapho kubuswa khona izibopho zokushisekela izwe. Ngamanye amagama, uma ufuna ukuthola umholo ophakeme kakhudlwana, akukho okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokuzibeka engcupheni. Kokunye okuphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sesikweletu lapho eminye imiphakathi ezimele yezwe lethu ikhona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhokha kwakho sekuvuthiwe, lapho abaphathi babo bezothola khona iminikelo yabo yezomnotho kanye nezintshisekelo ezihambisanayo. Akunakusetshenziswa lapho kuzoba khona ushintsho kuzinga lenzalo elinikezwa amakhasimende asebhange. Ayigudluki ngokuphelele ngoba asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi sikhuluma ngomkhiqizo wemali engaguquki. Ngobuhle nobubi bayo futhi lokhu kuyinto okufanele siyihlaziye kusukela manje ukuthola ukuthi kungakuhle yini ukubaqasha.
Izinzuzo zamabhondi endawo
Okunye okunikelwe ngamabhondi okushisekela izwe ukuthi angafinyelela thuthukisa umholo yemikhiqizo ejwayelekile engenayo engaguquki. Kwezinye izimo, ngomehluko omkhulu ovela ekukhetheni le modeli yokutshala imali yize kunezingozi ezibandakanyeka ekubhaliseni kwayo. Enye yezinzuzo zayo ezifanele kakhulu itholakala ekutheni unamabhonasi amaningi alezi zici ongakhetha kuzo. Cishe yonke imiphakathi ezimele yezwe lethu inefomethi efana naleyo okukhulunywa ngayo kulesi sihloko. Izwe laseBasque, iCatalonia, i-Andalusia, iNavarra, iLa Rioja, iCastilla y León, njll.
Kunoma ikuphi, akusho ukuthi izibopho zokushisekela izwe zihlala zikhona. Ngoba empeleni akunjalo, kusukela ekusakazweni kwayo kuya ngezidingo zezimali yomphakathi ozimele uqobo. Futhi kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuthi benze ukukhishwa kwalezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngale kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Iqiniso lokuthi sibhekene nomkhiqizo wezezimali ongaxakile nalo liyadla umhlanganiso. Kulula kakhulu ukwenza ngokusemthethweni futhi akudingi ukufunda ukuqonda yonke imishini yayo.
Izingqinamba zokushisekela izwe lakho
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, kufanele futhi sinake izithunzi ezivezwa yizibopho zokushisekela izwe futhi ziningi, njengoba uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa ngalezi zikhathi eziqondile. Ngoba i- amathuba okuzenzakalelayo zihlala zifihlekile futhi ubeka engcupheni enkulu evela eminikelweni yakho yezezimali. Ubhekene nezinkinga zezimali zomphakathi ozimele okhipha ezinye zalezi zibopho zokushisekela izwe. Kuyimali ekhokhelwayo okufanele uyikhokhe ukuthola imbuyiselo eqondiswe kakhudlwana ezithakazelweni zakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi lesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezimali imvamisa sidinga isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuhlala unomphela. Kaningi ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4 futhi lokho kuholela ekubeni ube nemali engasebenzi isikhathi eside ngokweqile. Vele, lezo ongeke uzithole kuzoba yizikhathi ezinqumayo kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka ngamadiphozi asebhange wesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Lapho ungatshala khona imali yakho ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa. Lokhu, nokho, akunakwenziwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yizibopho zokushisekela izwe.
Umehluko kusuka emphakathini kuya komunye
Ukunikezwa okukhona kulesi sigaba semikhiqizo engenayo engaguquki kukhulu kakhulu, yize kungatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uyifuna. Inzuzo yakho izolungiswa futhi iqinisekiswe, noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezimali. Ngalo mqondo, akungabazeki ukuthi kungabhekwa njengomkhiqizo ophephile lapho kubhekene nokungazinzi ezimakethe zezimali. Ngezingozi esizibalulile ngenhla futhi okumele zihlaziywe ngoba ngumkhiqizo onzima kakhulu kusuka kulo mbono. Akulungele ukuqasha lezi zibopho ukuze kube kuhle. Hhayi kancane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibopho zokushisekela izwe azikwazi ukukhanselwa kusenesikhathi, futhi awunakukwazi nokuzivuselela ngokuzenzakalela. Yimikhiqizo ekhetheke kakhulu elawulwa yimithetho yabo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke yizimo zezomnotho zemiphakathi ezizimele yesizwe. Lokho kuzoba yibo ekugcineni abazonquma okwakho inzuzo yangempela. Njengesigqebhezana ozosiqoqa lapho ukuphela kwale modeli kutshalomali oluthile.
Lapho uzohlala uthola ukuthi kunemiphakathi ezimele ethembekile kuneminye, kepha lokho-ke inzalo yabo yonyaka iyoba ncane. Lesi yisisekelo lapho amabhondi asekelwe khona futhi ahluke ngokuphelele kokunye okuphuma kwimali engenayo engaguquki. Kunoma ikuphi, kungenye indlela entsha onayo okwamanje yokwenza imali yakho etholakalayo izuze kusuka manje. Ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe okuzoba yisihloko sokunye ukuhlaziywa kokuqonda okungcono kwawo wonke umuntu.