"Kungumnotho, uyisiphukuphuku" Leli binzana elidumile lowayenguMongameli waseMelika uBill Clinton likhombisa ukubaluleka kwalesi siyalo kuzo zonke izingxenye zempilo. Futhi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ibe ncane, naku- umhlaba wokutshala izimali nobudlelwano nemali. Ngokwezinga lapho kungafakazelwa khona ukuthi izimo zomnotho zihambisana kakhulu ukunquma ukuvela kwama-stock indices emhlabeni wonke. Ukuba yimbangela yokuthi bathathe ukuthambekela okukodwa noma okunye. Akumangalisi ukuthi kufanele yenziwe njengenye yemingcele yokuthatha izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali.
Izici ezinjengezinga lokungasebenzi, ukwehla kwamandla emali noma ukukhula komnotho kubhekwa ngabatshalizimali ukuvula noma ukuhlehlisa izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali. Idlala indima elinganayo noma mhlawumbe ebaluleke kakhulu kune isici sobuchwepheshe okwethulwe ukuphepha, imikhakha noma ama-stock indices. Ngesici esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele usicabangele kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Akuyona enye ngaphandle kokuthi izimakethe zezezimali zilindele ukuba ngokoqobo komnotho. Imiphumela yayo emakethe yamasheya yenzeka ngokulindela okuthile futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ihlala iphambili maqondana neqiniso lezomnotho.
Uma ufuna ukwenza lolu hlobo ngokusemthethweni lusebenze kahle, ngeke ube nenye indlela ngaphandle kokugcina umnotho engqondweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Hhayi ezinkathini ezibanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuma-recessives. Ukuthi izokhiqiza ushintsho noma ukunakekelwa kuthrendi yama-indices esitokwe. Futhi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kuncane lokhu kwenzeka naseSpain. Lapho umnotho udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwezimakethe zokulingana. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi ezinye zezizathu ezifanele kakhulu? Yebo, naka kancane kusukela manje kuqhubeke ngoba kuzoba imininingwane ewusizo ongayisebenzisa ukwenza izimpahla zakho siqu noma zomndeni zizuze.
Kungani ezomnotho zibalulekile
Ukufaneleka kwayo kunqunywa iqiniso lokuthi ingenye yezinjini zezimakethe zezimali. Bangakwazi ukudala inzuzo noma ukulahleka zifakiwe kwizibambiso nezinkomba zemakethe yamasheya. Imvamisa ukuhlangana kungaphezu kokusobala futhi kukhiqiza uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu ezingakusiza ulolonge iphothifoliyo yakho. Kuya ngephrofayili oyivezayo ngalezo zikhathi: ulaka, ulondolozo noma umaphakathi. Vele, awukwazi ukukhohlwa idatha umnotho okuhlinzeka ngayo uma ufuna ukwenza amaphutha ekusebenzeni okumbalwa kakhulu.
Leli qhinga lihluke ngokuphelele kulelo elidalwe ukuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezimpahla zezimali. Ukwenza lo msebenzi kube lula kakhulu ukuthi uchaze amapharamitha okufanele uwacabangele kakhulu kusuka manje. Babaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubazi kusukela ku- ukuvela kwemakethe imali engenayo eguquguqukayo. Phakathi kwazo zonke, imininingwane elandelayo esikudalula yona ngezansi iyagqama.
Idatha yokuqala: ukwehla kwamandla emali
Ayilokothi inganakwa ngoba ibeka izinga lokuphila lomphakathi wonke. Ngalo mqondo, okwamanje ukwehla kwamandla emali eSpain kukhuphukile ezinyangeni zokugcina zika-2017 kufika ku-1,8%. Ikhiqizwa ngokukhuphuka kwamanani okudla okuletha ingcindezi ebonakalayo ekukhuleni kwamanani kuyo yonke insimu kazwelonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi izindaba ezimnandi kakhulu zilele ekutheni ukwehla kwamandla emali okuyisisekelo, okungafaki amanani entengo kagesi kanye nokudla okungalungiswa, kuhleli kulesi sikhathi sezingeni elingaphezu kuka-1,2% elamukelekayo.
Kodwa-ke, umnyango wokuhlaziya weBankinter ukhombisa ukuthi amanani azoqhubeka ngonyaka we-2018 nge-Consumer Price Index (CPI) ka- + 1,7%, uma kuqhathaniswa + 1,4% kulinganiselwa ngekota edlule. Kunoma ikuphi, kungaba yimininingwane engathathi hlangothi engeke ithinte ukusebenza kwezimakethe zezimali nganoma iyiphi indlela. Inqobo nje uma kungekho zimanga ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili ezizayo. Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ngokuqiniseka okuthile ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali ezweni lethu kulawulwa. Futhi-ke umthelela wayo emakethe yamasheya ungaphansi.
Izinga lokungasebenzi ngokweqile
Ngaphandle kokungabaza kungenye yezindlela ze- Izithende ze-Achilles zomnotho waseSpain. Kuze kube yilapho usinda ngomqondo othile ukuvuselelwa komnotho wezwe. Yize ingenakho ukubonakaliswa okuqonde ngqo kokuphepha okubalwe emakethe kazwelonke eqhubekayo. Hhayi ngeze, kuyiqiniso elithathwa yingxenye enhle yabasebenzeli bezezimali bezwe lethu. Yize noma yikuphi ukuthuthuka emsebenzini womsebenzi kwamukelwa kahle izimakethe zezezimali. Kepha yebo, ngaphandle kwamandla obekufiseleka. Njengomehluko omkhulu nezinye izimakethe zezwekazi elidala.
Yebo, izinga lokungasebenzi eSpain okwamanje lehla kakhulu, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe nguMnyango Wezemisebenzi. Ngokuqondile, futhi maqondana nezinyanga eziyi-12 ezedlule, ukungasebenzi yehliswe ngabantu abangama-310.115, lapho igcina inyanga eyodwa ngaphezulu "isilinganiso esinciphile sokuncishiswa kwangaphakathi kwaminyaka yonke okungu-8,34%", njengoba kuvezwe nguMnyango Wezemisebenzi Nokuvikeleka Komphakathi esitatimendeni sakamuva. Kunoma ikuphi, lokhu kungenye yemininingwane engakhonjiswanga kumasheya kazwelonke nawo. Hhayi kahle noma kabi. Kepha ngemiphumela engathathi hlangothi kubatshalizimali.
Ukubaluleka kwe-GDP
Kepha uma kunepharamitha lapho isimilo sezimakethe zezezimali singahluka, akuyona enye ngaphandle kweGross Domestic Product (GDP). Ikakhulukazi njengoba kuyinkomba yokuthi kukala ukukhula kwezwe. Ngokubuyekezwa njalo okulandelwa ngokuningiliziwe ngabenzeli bezezimali abaxhunyaniswe nalezi zimakethe. Njengoba i-GDP ikhuphuka, izokhiqiza ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya zingathuthukisa umkhuba onesiqinisekiso esikhulu sempumelelo. Vele, awukwazi ukukhohlwa lapho uthenga futhi uthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya.
Okwamanje, iGreat Gross Domestic Product yaseSpain ihamba emaphethelweni amancane kakhulu ahamba phakathi kuka-2,4% no-3%. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezimbi zabatshalizimali abancane nabasayizi abaphakathi zivela ekubuyekezweni okwehla ukuthi Inqubo yeCatalan. Futhi okuningi ngemuva kokubunjwa okusha kwePhalamende laseCatalonia ngemuva kokubanjwa kokhetho ngomhla ka-21 D. Lesi sici singalimaza ukuvela kwengxenye enkulu yezinkampani ezibalwe emakethe yamasheya. Ikakhulukazi labo abavela emkhakheni wezamabhange nezezezimali. Ungakhohlwa uma ungafuni ukwenza amaphutha kusuka manje kuqhubeke.
Iphrimiyamu yengozi
Enye ipharamitha ngokuyisisekelo yokuhlola ukuthi ngabe yisikhathi sokungena ezimakethe zezimali noma cha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi balinganisa imali uhulumeni angayithola ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni. Yebo, okwamanje sekuvukele ku Amazinga wephuzu lesisekelo ayi-115 njengomphumela wenqubo yezenhlalo nezombusazwe eCatalonia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivuno sesibopho seminyaka eyishumi yaseSpain sikhuphukile sisuka ku-1,723 owedlule saya ku-1,784%, okuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngoMashi. Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, i-bund yaseJalimane - umehluko wayo nezwe lonke omaka iphrimiyamu yengozi - ithathe uhlangothi olwahlukile. Kufike lapho lehle khona lisuka ku-0,463% wangaphambilini laya ku-0,453%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimakethe zikazwelonke nezamazwe omhlaba zikunakile okungenzeka e-United States. Mayelana nesu layo ngamanani wenzalo nokuthi abatshalizimali baseSpain balibheka kangakanani. Ngokwanda okubonakalayo kulo nyaka okusanda kuqala. Kuzofanele futhi sinake kakhulu okungenzeka kwenzeke endaweni ye-euro. Hhayi ngeze, izinhloso zikamongameli we BCE memezela ukuhoxiswa okuqhubekayo kwesikhuthazo somnotho womphakathi. Kunoma ikuphi, lokhu kungenye yemininingwane abatshalizimali basekhaya abayazisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe nezisisekelo.
Ukungakhokhelwa kwesikweletu saseSpain
Ekugcineni, idatha ekhethekile enzima kakhulu kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukuyiqonda. Akuyona enye ngaphandle komshuwalense yokungakhokhelwa kwesikweletu saseSpain ("Ukushintshaniswa kokuzenzakalelayo kwesikweletu"). Kuyimali eza isimanga esincane, kepha ibe nomthelela omncane ezimakethe zezezimali. Ikakhulu njengoba inyukele ku- $ 121.590. Ngezansi kweminye iminotho endaweni yethu eseduze. Kunoma ikuphi, akubonakali kangako ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukusebenza ezimakethe zezimali zaseSpain.
Kuphinde kwavezwa ukuthi i-European Union (i-EU) isibhalisile ezinyangeni zokugcina zonyaka, ibhalisa insalela yama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-41.900 kubhalansi ye-akhawunti yamanje. Yebo, lena ngenye yamapharamitha athintwa ngabasebenzeli bezezimali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakho ngokuvikela okukhulu. Hhayi ekuthengeni kuphela, kepha nasekuthengiseni. Ngokuhlola okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunakuqala.