Okunye ukwesaba ohlangothini lwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi nendawo okwamanje ukuthi isikweletu somphakathi siphezulu kakhulu futhi singakucindezela ukuvela kwezimakethe zokulingana maqondana nezilinganiso eziyinhloko zikazwelonke. Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga ezinyangeni ezedlule okuholele ekutheni ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya ngabathengisi. Ngalesi sizathu, kuya ngokuya kujwayelekile ukuqoqa imininingwane ngesimo sangempela sesikweletu somphakathi ezweni lethu. Hhayi ngeze, ngandlela thile kuzoba yimbangela yokuvela kwezimakethe zamasheya.
Okokuqala, kufanele kuchazwe ukuthi isikweletu somphakathi noma isikweletu esizimele esenziwe ngokuphelele sakhiwe ngaphezu kwakho konke kusethi yezikweletu uhulumeni anazo kubantu noma kwamanye amazwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi, yizimpahla zezezimali abazikweleta abantu besithathu futhi ezingabumba noma zingahlanganisi ingcebo yezwe noma indawo yezomnotho. Akumangalisi ukuthi, kungakhohlwa ukuthi indlela yokuthola izinsiza zezimali yakhiwa nguhulumeni noma yimaphi amandla umphakathi evamise ukwenziwa ngokukhishwa kwamasheya noma amabhondi.
Ngalo mqondo, maqondana neSpain, ngoDisemba 2018 isikweletu somphakathi sikhule ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-8.248 uma kuqhathaniswa no-Okthoba, ukuze sisuke ku-1.160.976 wezigidi siye ezigidini eziyi-1.169.224. Ngakho-ke, isikweletu somphakathi kulesi sikhathi esihlaziyiwe kube ngama-96,96% we-GDP futhi isikweletu ngasinye, esinciphile kule nyanga, kube ngama-euro angama-24.882. Uma siyiqhathanisa naleyo yangoNovemba 2017, siyabona ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, isikweletu sikhule ngezwi laya kuma-euro angama-600 umuntu ngamunye.
Isikweletu somphakathi eSpain
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikweletu somphakathi ezweni lethu ikhulile kwikota yesithathu ka-2018 kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-11.736 futhi wema kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1.175.704. Lesi sibalo sisho ukuthi isikweletu sifike ku-98,3% woMkhiqizo Owengeziwe Womhlaba (i-GDP) eSpain, kanti kwikota edlule, kwikota yesibili ka-2018, bekungama-98,1%. Ngakho-ke, uma siqhathanisa isikweletu esiseSpain kwikota yesithathu ka-2018 naleso sekota efanayo yonyaka we-2017, siyabona ukuthi isikweletu sonyaka sikhuphuke ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-42.327.
Zonke lezi ezibalulekile zihlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe ngabatshalizimali ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ngumzuzu ofanele kakhulu wokungena ezimakethe zezimali zikazwelonke. Kuyinto ipharamitha enokwethenjelwa kakhulu lokho kungakusiza wenze isinqumo esihle kunoma yiziphi izimo ezihlanganayo emnothweni waseSpain. Ngokwezinga esingathembela ngalo ekwakheni isu lokutshalwa kwezimali elichazwe kahle ukuthola impumelelo ekuhwebeni ezimakethe zezimali.
Ungayihumusha kanjani le datha?
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuhlaziya le parameter yezomnotho ukuze kuthathwe isu lokuthuthukisa utshalomali. Ngalo mqondo, kuzoba wusizo olukhulu ukubheka igama eliya kulo utshalomali oluqondisiwe kanye nenhlokodolobha engatshalwa kulo nyaka. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyalulekwa ukuthi umtshali-zimali omncane aye kolunye uchungechunge lwemikhombandlela elula futhi ewusizo ukuze utshalomali lwabo lukhule ngendlela egculisayo ezithakazelweni zabo.
Okwesikhathi esifushane, amanani okusika aqagelwayo kufanele akhethwe futhi anomugqa wokuguquguquka obanzi kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, mababe njalo eguquguqukayo kakhulu phakathi kwenani eliphakeme nelincane kakhulu leseshini. Lelisu alinconyelwa unyaka wokungaqiniseki njengalowo ongahle ube khona kulo nyaka wezimali futhi okulindeleke ukuthi kulindeleke ukuthi kufike omunye unyaka omuhle kakhulu wezimakethe zezimali.
Isikhathi eside sokuhlala
Okwesikhathi esiphakathi noma eside, izinkampani ezinama-management ratios amahle kufanele zikhethwe, futhi ngokuvamile zazo ukukhishwa kwemakethe yamasheya akuphezulu kakhulu. Futhi banenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthi bavuza umninimasheya ngokukhokha izinzuzo zonyaka. Kungaba inketho engcono kakhulu ukuxhumana nezimali kulo nyaka, ngenxa yesilinganiso sayo sokubuyisa ubungozi. Ngenzuzo emaphakathi okwamanje ngemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain esondele ku-5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyindlela yangempela yokwakha iphothifoliyo yemali engenayo engaguquki kokuguquguqukayo. Vele, noma ngabe amasheya abhalwe kanjani ezimakethe zezezimali.
Ngokuvamile lapho sikhuluma ngesikweletu sisho umphakathi. Kwikota yesithathu yonyaka eSpain, isikweletu saseSpain simi kuma-1,17 trillion euros, 98,30% we-GDP. Kuleso sikweletu, izigidi ezingama-961.998 zazilingana noMbuso kanti ezinye zazihambisana neminye iminyango. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani nazo zingena ezikweletini ezingaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Kulesi sikweletu esishiwo ngenhla soMbuso waseSpain, u-44,76% wawusezandleni zabokufika, izigidi ezingama-430.573. Kepha lesi sikweletu sangaphandle akusiso sodwa, izinkampani nazo ziboleka phesheya.
Ngokuya ngeBhange LaseSpain, uma sibheka i- isikweletu sangaphandle esiphelele lokhu kufinyelela ku- Ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-2,004, ama-167% we-GDP. Kepha njengoba izinkampani zaseSpain zitshala imali phesheya, imali esele yalesi sikweletu (lokho esikukweleta okungaphansi kwalokhu abasikweleta kona) ifinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-965.000, ama-80,6% we-GDP.
Yenza imisebenzi ibe nenzuzo
Okwamanje lapho inzuzo enkulu iqala ukuvela kutshalomali olwenziwe, kuyinto ejwayelekile ngabasindisa imali ukuthi babheke ukuthi ngabe yisikhathi esifanele yini sokuthengisa noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kungcono ukulinda izinzuzo zibe zinkulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngaphambili kwakheke isu lapho izinhloso zomtshali zimiswa khona. Bazokhonjwa ngokuya ngephrofayili yabo, isikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye ne imali efakiwe, okuzoba yibo abanquma ekugcineni uma umtshali-zimali omncane naphakathi enquma kokunye noma okunye kokunye emakethe yamasheya.
Ezimweni zokuthambekela okuphezulu into enengqondo kakhulu ukubamba utshalomali kuze kube ukuthola amanani angcono kwikhotheshini yalo. Noma okuphambene nalokho, kuze kuvele amasiginali akhombisa ukuqedwa kwale nqubo. Yize kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi kukhona ubungozi be awela ezimweni ezingavamile lokho kungenza inani liwe kakhulu ngokulahleka okulandelanayo esitatimendeni sakho semali engenayo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kucace bha ngezinhloso ezilandelwe kutshalomali ngalunye olwenziwe kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Hlaziya izingozi zokusebenza
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunconywa kakhulu ukukhetha ifomula ehlanganisa ukulingana phakathi kokuphepha nobungozi njengecebo lokugcina amanani anikelwe. Ikakhulukazi kulezo zikhathi ze-bearish lapho kulula khona kune- ukuzuza kwemali encane okutholwe kwaba ukulahleka ngemuva kwezikhathi ezimbalwa zokuhweba. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngokubuyiselwa kwezinombolo ezibomvu kumtshali-zimali, nenkinga-ke yokuthi uthengise ngokukhubazeka noma ungene ngokujulile kuwo. Ngenye yezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu umtshali zimali angadlula kuzo. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka izisekelo zayo.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, futhi ukushicilelwa kwedatha enhle esikweletini sikahulumeni sikazwelonke kungasebenza ukuthatha isikhundla ezimakethe zezimali ngendlela enolaka kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungaba yisiginali enhle kakhulu yesikhathi esiphakathi nesikhathi eside emakethe yamasheya. Ngoba ikhombisa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuzinza komnotho yezwe noma indawo yezomnotho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yimininingwane enikeza abatshalizimali ukuzethemba okukhulu ukuthuthukisa utshalomali lwabo benethemba elikhethekile.
Qaphela ukubuyela emuva
Kunoma ikuphi, kuzodingeka njalo unake kakhulu ukubuyela emuva okungavela. Ngoba ekugcineni kosuku bangaba yi isicupho se-bearish lokho kungakubiza kakhulu ngalezi zikhathi eziqondile.
Akukho ukuthembana futhi izandla ezinamandla ezimakethe zezezimali azimisele ukutshala futhi. Kuyisimo esihle sokuthi kwenzeke ukubuyela emuva futhi. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuthola izizathu zokuba nethemba kunzima futhi kunzima ukuthi imali iye ku imigqa ukuhwebelana kwamasheya. Abatshalizimali bayahluleka, ukuthengisa kuyaqhubeka, futhi umuzwa wokuwa kwamahhala ubusa. Okuthengisiwe kunamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu, kwezinye izimo kungafani nokujwayelekile.
Kungaleso sikhathi, lapho ngokumangala, le nhlangano yesikhashana eya phezulu iqala ukubamba ngejubane elishintshile abagibeli abaningi abangenathemba emalini ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi amanani ezokuphepha azokwehla kakhulu kumaseshini azayo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuvela kwezimakethe zamasheya kukhombisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka akunamkhawulo noma ukuwa okungapheli.
Bazokhonjwa ngokuya ngephrofayili yabo, isikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye ne imali efakiwe, okuzoba yibo abanquma ekugcineni uma umtshali-zimali omncane naphakathi enquma kokunye noma okunye kokushintshaniswa kwesitoko, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungaba yisignali enhle kakhulu esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside emakethe yamasheya-