Lapho kwakhiwa inkampani eSpain, enye yamafomu asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezomthetho, ngaphandle kokungabaza, inkampani enomkhawulo yomphakathi. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela inkampani ukuba nezinsizakusebenza ezanele, kepha nezingozi ekutshalweni kwemali nazo zingancishiswa.
Kodwa, Iyini inkampani enomkhawulo? Ziyini izici zabo? Ingakhiwa kanjani? Uma unentshisekelo kule ndaba, khona-ke sikusiza ukuthi usazi kahle.
Iyini inkampani enomkhawulo
Inkampani yamasheya ahlangene, eyaziwa nangokuthi isifinyezo sayo, i-SA, noma njengenkampani yamasheya ahlangene, iyinkampani yezentengiselwano lapho abalingani banesibopho esilinganiselwe kunhlokodolobha abayinikele. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngamunye ubhekene nengxenye yemali abayitshalile, hhayi ingqikithi.
Ngokuqondile, i- Isichazamazwi sePan-Hispanic seSpanish esisemthethweni sichaza inhlangano like:
"Inkampani yeCapital mercantile, lapho ihlukaniswe khona ngama-aliquots abizwa ngamasheya nalapho abalingani bengenacala ngokwabo kwizikweletu zenkampani."
Izici zebhizinisi
Ngokombono wayo singakhetha uchungechunge lwe- izici ezichaza inhlangano. Lezi izi:
- Inhloko-dolobha yayo ihlukaniswe ngamasheya. Umlingani ngamunye unikela ngemali engu-x, eguqulwa ibe ngamasheya aleyo nkampani noma leyo nkampani. Ngakho-ke, ophathina bagcina sebengabaninimasheya futhi babambe iqhaza ngokuya ngamasheya abanawo. Ngamanye amagama, noma ngubani onikela okuningi unamasheya amaningi. Lokhu kungathengiswa ngokukhululeka, inqobo nje uma isinqumo somphathi sokwenza lokho sesenziwe.
- Kukhona isikweletu esilinganiselwe enhlokodolobha. Ngoba umninimasheya ngamunye ubeka ingxenye yenhlokodolobha, sithola ukuthi isikweletu sabo kubantu besithathu asinamkhawulo kepha sisekelwe kuphela kunani lalawo masheya.
- Abaninimasheya akudingeki bazenze baziwe. Njengenkampani enomkhawulo yomphakathi, abaninimasheya, yize bexhunyaniswe nenkampani, akudingeki ukuthi babambe iqhaza emphakathini. Ngamanye amagama, akudingeki bangene ezikhundleni noma basebenzele umphakathi. Babhekwa njengabalingani bobungxiwankulu noma abaninimasheya ongxiwankulu.
- Inhlangano ikhokhiswa intela ngentela yenhlangano futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, banobuntu babo obusemthethweni.
- Inezitho eziphoqelekile. Ngokuqondile, kufanele ube:
- Umhlangano Wabaninimasheya Jikelele: lapho kubizelwa khona imihlangano nabaninimasheya ukuxoxa ngokusebenza nokuphathwa kwenkampani.
- Abaphathi benkampani: ukwakha iqembu lenkampani. Lokhu kukhethwa njalo emhlanganweni wabaninimasheya jikelele.
- UMkhandlu Wokuphatha: uyazikhethela futhi uphethe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaphathi benza umsebenzi wabo ngokwanele.
Ubuhle nobubi be-SA
Yize inkampani ingabonakala njengebhizinisi elifanele kakhulu ezimweni ezithile, futhi akukho kungabaza ukuthi liletha izinzuzo eziningi, futhi inezinkinga ezithile okufanele zibhekwe.
Ngokuqondene ne izinzuzo, lokhu kuchazwe kakhulu, futhi yilawa:
Inzuzo yokuncintisana
Ngeqiniso lokuthi, ngokwenza ibhizinisi lakho libe ngobuchwepheshe, ulenza libukeke liqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nabalingani bobungxiwankulu, okungadingeki ukuthi babambe iqhaza emithwalweni yokusebenza noma ekusebenzeni kwenkampani, kunikeza inkululeko ethe xaxa lapho beyiphatha.
Futhi inkampani ingaba nayo umnikelo wenhlokodolobha wabantu abaningana kepha ongathinti inqubekela phambili yebhizinisi, ngale kwemihlangano.
Inganwetshwa
Ukuba nenkampani elinganiselwe kukuvumela ukuthi wandise amathuba okwandisa. Futhi, kuleli cala, alikho inani eliphansi noma eliphakeme labalingani lokufaka imali.
Imithombo emisha yezimali iyatholakala
Iqiniso lokuthi inhlokodolobha yamasheya ingahlukaniswa nokuthi umlingani ngamunye anikele ngemali ivumela imithombo emisha yezimali ukuthi itholakale futhi, ngayo, abatshalizimali abasha abathi, ngqo noma ngokungaqondile, bazokhulisa ukwanda kwebhizinisi namathuba alokhu.
Manje, esimweni se- iziphikiso zenhlangano, kukhona futhi eziningana okufanele uzicabangele, njenge:
Izinqumo ezingafanele zithathwa
Akudingeki ukuthi kwenzeke njalo, kepha kunamathuba amakhulu okuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngoba abalingani ngokwabo, yize bengenazo izikhundla zokuphatha enkampanini, empeleni banamandla onke. Bagcina amalungelo okuvota, okuhlanganyela kanye nawokuthatha izinqumo, okusho ukuthi bangashintsha inkambo yenkampani uma befuna, kuphazamise noma yiluphi uhlangothi lwalelo bhizinisi.
Futhi inkinga ukuthi igunya labo libaluleke kakhulu kunelamalungu aphethe noma aphethe inkampani.
Kungaba nzima kubo bonke abalingani bezimali ukuthi babambe iqhaza
Ikakhulu emihlanganweni lapho kufanele kuxoxwe ngokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi. Lapho kunabalingani abaningi bokongxiwankulu futhi kudingekile ukuhlangana nabo bonke, ungathola ukuthi abaningi abayi lapho kuqokwa khona.
Lokhu kuvimbela isiteshi sokuxhumana noma kungaholela ekutheni bagcine bekhathele umphakathi uma bengaziboni izinzuzo.
Ungayifaka kanjani inkampani elinganiselwe
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi iyini inkampani nobuhle bayo kanye nokukhubazeka kwayo, ingabe ufuna ukusungula i-SA? Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ukuthi lokhu kubuswa yi Umthetho Wezinkampani Zezimali (Royal Legislative Decree 1/2010, evuma umbhalo obukeziwe weCapital Companies Act), okuyilapho okushiwo izidingo okumele kuhlangatshezwane nazo. Phakathi kwabo, kuneqiniso lokuthi kwenziwa ngetayitela yomphakathi, kanye nokubhalisa kwiMercantile Registry enegama noma igama lenkampani elandelwa ngabaqalayo abalikhomba njengelingaziwa (SA).
La izindatshana zokufakwa Kufanele iqukathe idatha elandelayo:
- Igama lenkampani noma imininingwane ephelele yabaxhasi, kuya ngokuthi bangabantu abasemthethweni noma abantu bemvelo ngokulandelana.
- Isitatimende esisungula ukuthi abanikeli banentando yokwakha inkampani enomkhawulo yomphakathi.
- Ibeka ukuthi izindleko zomthethosisekelo zizoba malini, cishe.
- Imithetho yedolobha yenhlangano. Lokhu kumele kwamukelwe yibo bonke abanikeli.
- Imininingwane yabaphathi, noma ngabe bangabantu bemvelo noma bomthetho.
Futhi, kufanele fakazela ukuthi kunikezwa isamba semali esiphansi. Lokhu kungama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-60000, ehlukaniswe ngamasheya abhalisiwe azolingana nenhloko-dolobha umuntu ngamunye ayitshale enkampanini. Kuyo yonke leyo nhlokodolobha, lapho yenziwe, ama-25% ayo kufanele anikelwe, futhi kufanele kuvunyelwane ngokufaka inani elisele kulo.
Manje njengoba wazi okuningi ngenhlangano, ingabe yinhlangano esemthethweni oyidingayo?