Imakethe yamanje yezezimali ivumela ukuthi kutshalwe imali esiliva ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokutshala imali. Kusuka kokukhululeke kakhulu futhi kwendabuko ngendlela yezimali zokutshala imali, kuya kwamanye amamodeli asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ezimakethe zesikhathi esizayo lapho kuxoxiswana khona ngezivumelwano zokuthenga noma ukuthengisa le nsimbi. ngentengo emisiwe kuze kube usuku oluthile. Ukuthengwa kwezinhlamvu zemali noma i-bullion yensimbi eyigugu emakethe nakho kukhona, okuvumela ukuthi kuhlomule ekuhlolweni okungenzeka kwale mpahla yezezimali ezimakethe lapho zibhalwe khona.
Akudingekile ukuthi ube nenhlokodolobha enkulu yokutshala imali kwenye yezinsimbi eziyigugu ezazise kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, njengesiliva. Lesi sifiso singenziwa ngokusemthethweni kusuka kumanani amancane ukwenza utshalomali olungahambisa lesi sidingo ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kunoma ikuphi, okunikezwayo akubanzi njengakwamanye amafa ezezimali, njengegolide. Ngenkinga yokuthi akuzona zonke izinhlangano ezinayo le modeli yokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangakwazi izikhundla ezivulekile ngokomzimba, okusho nge-bullion noma izinhlamvu zemali noma ngezimali zokutshala imali ezivezwe kule nsimbi eyigugu. Lokhu okunye kokugcina kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabasindisi ababona indlela efaneleke kakhulu yokungena kule makethe ngaphandle kokucabanga izingozi ezithile futhi kusizakala kakhulu ukuthi ukunyakaza okuphezulu kwale nsimbi eyigugu yokubaluleka okukhethekile kungabanjwa. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi kungenye yezindlela ezikhethwe yilabo abanentshisekelo yokwenza lolu hlobo lokutshala imali.
Ukutshala imali kusiliva: ukubuyisa
Izimali zokutshala imali ezisuselwa kule nsimbi eyigugu zilungiselelwe ngamasu amahle kakhulu wokwenza lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okukhethekile. Ukuheha okuyinhloko kwale mikhiqizo yezezimali kuxhomeke ekutheni zinamandla okwazisa ngaphezu kwalokhu okwethulwe ezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Ngomkhiqizo wonyaka onawo yeqa amazinga angaphezu kuka-20% uma kuhloswe esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Yize ngokuphambene nalokho, banengozi enkulu ukwedlula olunye utshalomali ngenxa yokungazinzi lapho balungisa khona amanani abo.
Abatshalizimali njengamanje bangazitholela uhla olulinganiselwe lwezimakethe nemikhiqizo evezwe esiliva, kusuka izinkampani zezimayini ezidayiswa esidlangalaleni (ngokuvamile kuma-indices wamasheya aseNyakatho Melika naseNgilandi) kuya kokusezingeni eliphakeme njengekusasa nezinketho. Kodwa-ke, isithiyo sayo esikhulu ukuthi le mikhiqizo yezezimali idinga ulwazi lwangaphambili ngayo. Lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu sokuthi, ekugcineni, kumele senziwe ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kweso lochwepheshe kulezi zimakethe. Ngubani ozophatha ukunquma uma sekuyisikhathi sokuvula izikhundla kulezi zimpahla zezimali noma uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubheja okuyingozi kakhulu ngezintshisakalo zabo
I-Silver bullion njengenye indlela
Enye indlela emakethe ehlinzeka ngayo kungukuthengwa kwesiliva okwenziwe nge-bullion nangezimali zemali. Inzuzo enkulu yalesi siphakamiso sokutshala imali ukuthi singenziwa ngemali engabizi kakhulu kuyo yonke imizi. Ezinye ezibandakanya a ukukhishwa kwemali ephezulu ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo. Kunoma ikuphi, ukutshala imali kuzinsimbi eziyigugu ezifana nesiliva kungaba yindlela enhle kakhulu kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Lapho, emakethe yendawo, abatshalizimali bathenga izinsimbi emabhange amakhulu ngenhloso eyinhloko yokugwema izindleko nobungozi.
Enye indlela imelwe izimakethe zekusasa. Ngale modeli eyingqayizivele ekutshalweni okuhlukile, bangangena emakethe ngokushintshana ngekusasa, lapho abantu xoxisana ngezivumelwano zokuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla eluhlaza ngentengo emisiwe kuze kube usuku oluthile. Amabhizinisi asebenzela amakhasimende ahlukahlukene abakhiqizi nabathengi bensimbi eyigugu angatholakala ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinkampani zezimayini, ama-foundries, ama-processor, abakhiqizi bezinto zokuhloba, nabathengisi nabathengisi.
Ukusebenza kwemali
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinsizakalo zokuhweba nokubhanga ezihlobene ne-bullion zifaka ukuthengiselana kwemali, ikusasa lesikhathi eside nelifushane, izinketho kanye nokuphuma okuxhunyaniswe nesiliva. Ungathola ngisho nezinhlamvu zemali kule nsimbi eyigugu ngamanani wokuncintisana, asukela kumanani amancane aye kwabanye abaluleke kakhulu aqala kusuka ku-10.000 noma ama-euro angaphezulu. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kuzinsimbi eziyigugu kufanele kubhekwe njengengozi enkulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi ulungiswa kumthetho wokufunwa nokuhlinzekwa ezimakethe zamazwe futhi lokho kuzonquma ukulinganiswa kwawo ezimakethe zawo zezezimali.
Yize isiliva belingenye yezimpahla zezezimali ezazise kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, azikho izixwayiso ezimbalwa abatshalizimali okufanele bazithathe ekuthatheni izikhundla ngokungacabangi kule nsimbi ngenxa yezici zayo kanye nemikhawulo yemikhiqizo emakethe. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ubuhle nobubi balokhu kutshalwa kwezimali futhi, uma sekuhlaziyiwe, khetha inketho engcono kakhulu yezintshisekelo zabasindisi, kuya ngezidingo zabo zokutshala imali.
Izici zobungozi
El Umkhakha wezobucwebeYize igcina isisindo esimele, kubonakala ngathi siyancipha ngokwakhiwo. Ukukhiqiza kwehle kakhulu kusuka ngo-1997 kuya ku-2002 yize eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwanda. Siyini isizathu salesi saphulelo sakamuva? Kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi kungaguquguquki? Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngonyaka we-1997 kuya ku-2003 abantu ababefuna igolide lokusetshenziswa kwezokungcebeleka babengamazwe okuqala omhlaba. Ukugcwala okuthile okuhambisana nokuqhuma kwebhola lobuchwepheshe kanye nobucayi bezomnotho wabo kuvimbele ukufunwa.
Ku-2003 lo mkhuba ushintshile ngoba i-China, nasezingeni elincane i-India, baqala ukuthekelisa kakhulu. Lezi zimali zenza umphumela wokunotha odala ukusetshenziswa kulezi zindawo ezinamasiko amaningi. Ekhuluma ngamasiko, isibonelo esinqabayo siyatholakala emkhakheni wezenkolo. IGolden Buddhas yenziwa ngamacembe egolide ukuthi idiphozi ethembekile yokumboza uBuddha nokuthi kufanele ibuyiselwe minyaka yonke.
Amabhange amaphakathi
Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi amaCentral Banks athanda ukwehlisa ukuthengisa nokuthenga kwawo kungabhekwa kabusha ngenxa yesimo samanani, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi izinqolobane zase-US, Germany naseFrance zisenkulu kakhulu futhi lokhu kunciphisa amandla Igolide le-bullish ngenxa yokuthengwa yi-Central Banks. Kunezimo ezimbili zenzalo ezibucayi. Abanye inzalo ephezulu futhi ezinzile (ngoba zikhulisa ukuthengisa okuya phambili ukwenza ama-balance sheet) kanye nokwehla okuphansi (okungadideki namanani aphansi) ngenxa yezindleko zamathuba ezilahlekile ngokungatshalwa kwemali engenayo engaguquki.
Kukhona amathuba okubona ukwanda komkhiqizo wezimayini. Hhayi amapulazi amasha kepha amakhulu ukukhiqizwa kokukhona. Le ngozi incishiswe yizinzuzo eziphakeme izinkampani zezimayini zegolide ebezikhokha. Inqubomgomo yokutshalwa kabusha kwemali ibincane. Esinye isici sobungozi isisindo esinamandla ama-ETF nezinye izinsimbi ezisuselwa kuso enanini legolide nasekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwale mpahla.
Ukuhweba kwezinye izimali
Ukuthakazelelwa kwemali yaseMelika ngokubheka ukuhlangana okungekuhle okwethule ngomlando nesiliva. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho ukungazinzi kwezimali zesiliva cishe i-15%. Izinga eliphakeme elilindelwe lesiliva eminyakeni ezayo linomlingani ofanayo nokuthi ziyadingeka kodwa hhayi izinto ezanele. Uma kungahambisani nokwehliswa kwezindleko noma okungenani okuqukethe ezinkampanini zezimayini, indlela eya phezulu ingalinganiselwa.
Eminyakeni yamuva, kubalulekile rally I-bullish eye yazuzisa bonke abasindisi, abathi ngandlela thile, babekwe emakethe yesiliva futhi, elungiselelwe njengenye ye maningi amathuba okufaka imali ngenxa yenzuzo enkulu eyenze eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphezu kwezinye izimpahla zezimali ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ngokweqile izimali zamazwe omhlaba ngenzuzo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhwama
Kumele ukhumbule nje ukuthi i-Ibex 35, obekungunyaka omubi ngo-2018, yehle cishe ngo-15%. Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, le nsimbi eyigugu ivale kulo nyaka ngokubuyekezwa okubanzi. Lo mkhuba ezinyangeni ezedlule ubuphelezelwa yilabo ababhekene nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu: igolide, i-platinum, i-palladium, njll. futhi izinzuzo ezinkulu zazo nazo zifakiwe kumadijithi aphindwe kabili. Njengenye yezindlela ezingasetshenziswa ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni amasheya ezimakethe zezimali.
Kuyadla lukhulu kuwe ukuthi kungenye yezimpahla zezezimali ezinokwazisa okuphezulu kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Kanye nokuba ngenye yezindinganiso zokuphepha ngokusebenza kahle ukubhekana nokutshalwa kwezimali ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki nokungazinzi komnotho. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali zikhethe ukunikela ngemikhiqizo yezezimali yalezi zici. Lokho wukuthi, kuxhunyaniswe nale nsimbi eyigugu.