Imikhakha eminingi yokutshalwa kwemali ithumele ukuphuma okuphelele ngoNovemba. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuholwa yiziMixed Funds, ezithole ukukhokhelwa kwemali ephelele esikhathini esifinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-451, ngokuphelele ngenxa yeMali eyiMixed Fixed. Esikhathini esinqwabelene sonyaka, Izimali Ezixutshiwe ziveza ezinye ukungena kwenetha ebiza ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-2.162
Ngokuphambene nalokho, Izimali Eziqinisekisiwe bahole ukukleliswa kokubhaliselwe okuphelele kwenyanga kaNovemba ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-252 futhi baqongelela ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-266 ngonyaka. I-Euro Variable Income (ngaphandle kweSpain) ibhalise imali ebhalisiwe ebiza ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-83 ngenyanga, eqoqa ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1.075 okugeleza okuhle ngonyaka, ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Funds of Pensions (Inverco).
Ngaphakathi kwalokho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezezimali okuyikho ngempela, izimali zokutshala imali zizotshala izimpahla zazo ngokuya ngemingcele ehlukahlukene esiyiveza ngezansi:
- Ukuthwala: kuzobaluleka ngokukhethekile ukuthi babe nalesi sici ezimpahleni ezitshaliwe ngalo mkhiqizo wezezimali.
- Ukwehlukaniswa kwengozi: Kuzoba isu elisetshenzisiwe ukukhawulela ukuvezwa ezimakethe ezahlukahlukene noma izimpahla zezezimali.
- Ukuphawula: Kumele ziboniswe ngezincwajana ezikhishwe abaphathi besikhwama sokutshala imali.
Isikhwama sokutshala imali: amakhomishini
Njengoba kungumkhiqizo ohloselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali, kuzobaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya izindleko zokuwuqasha. Umele amakhomishini alo mkhiqizo, abonakala ngokuba maningi futhi ahlukahlukene ngokwemvelo, yize kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi awusebenzi kuzo zonke izimo. Lezi zindleko zisho ukukhishwa kwemali okuhlukile kusuka ku-0,50% kuya ku-2% cishe futhi lokho kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, njengohlobo lwesikhwama sokutshala imali esinenkontileka nenqubomgomo yomphathi. Kunoma ikuphi, lawa amakhomishini amakhulu angakhokhiswa ngalo mkhiqizo wezezimali.
- Imali yokuphatha nokufaka imali: yilabo abakhokhiswa yimenenja kanye nofaka imali, ngokulandelana Zibonakala ngoba sezivele zikhishiwe kunani lokuqedwa kwesikhwama. Ngakho-ke, ngeke uqaphele izindleko zabo njengakwamanye amakhomishini.
- Imali yokubhaliselwe neyokuhlengwa: kulokhu, bangavuna umphathi noma isikhwama uqobo. Ngokungafani namakhomishini wangaphambilini, lokhu kucacile, noma okufanayo, bakhokhiswa kwi-akhawunti yakho yokonga ngesikhathi sokwenza ukubhaliswa noma ukubuyiselwa kwemali kube semthethweni. Awavamile kangako ukuthi uyawasebenzisa, kepha noma kunjalo afunwa kakhulu kunalawo eqembu lokuqala. Kufinyelela ku-2% kwezinye zezimali zokutshala imali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunethuba lokuthi bazokukhokhisela ezinye izindleko shintsha utshalomali kusuka egumbini elilodwa kuya kwelinye. Lokho kungukuthi, ngaphakathi kwesikhwama esifanayo, noma amaphesenti angabalulekanga kangako.
Ukuphathwa kwesikhwama esisebenzayo kanye nokwenziwa
Esinye isici okufanele usibheke lapho uqasha umkhiqizo walezi zici yi- uhlobo lokuphatha lokho kwenziwa kukho. Ingasebenza noma ngokungafani nje futhi umehluko wayo ngokuyisisekelo ulele ekuphathweni okwenziwa ngabanikezeli bayo. Ngomehluko omkhulu kusuka kumodeli eyodwa kuya kwenye. Mayelana nokuphathwa okusebenzayo esikhwameni sokutshala imali, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iphothifoliyo yezimpahla zezimali ingashintshwa ukuze ibhekane nanoma yisiphi isimo sezomnotho, noma sibi kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Lokho wukuthi, ungathola inzuzo ngokusebenza kwakho kunoma yisiphi isimo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokuphatha ezingahambisani nalutho, kungathiwa kunjalo kumile ngokwengeziwe. Noma okufanayo, abahlushwa ukuhluka maqondana nokuguquguquka okusha okuvela emnothweni futhi ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zezezimali. Kokubili kumali engenayo engaguquki nasekuguqukeni noma nakwezinye izinhlobo. Uma konke kuhamba njengokulindelwe okwenziwe, kungcono ukuqasha imali yokwenziwa. Kufanele uvumele izinzuzo ziqhubeke kuze kuphele lo mkhuba. Zizohluka futhi ngokuya ngephrofayili yomtshalizimali omncane naphakathi.
Imali engenile noma eguquguqukayo?
Lo ngumbuzo ongunaphakade abazibuza wona abatshalizimali lapho benza ngokusemthethweni omunye wale mikhiqizo yezezimali. Kuzofanele silandele umkhuba obekwe izimakethe ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ngeke kuhlale kufana njalo. Kunoma ikuphi, lokho okususelwa kumasheya kunamathuba amaningi okuthi kuthuthukiswe inzuzo kuphothifoliyo. Yize ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo belahlekelwa yimali eningi ezikhundleni ezikhiqiziwe. Lokho wukuthi, bakhiqiza ifayela le- ingozi eyandayo ngoba kuguquguquka ngokwengeziwe kuzo zonke izici. Kunoma ikuphi, kubuye kuncike kuphrofayili yabanikazi bayo kanye nasemibhalweni yaphakade ozoyimaka kutshalomali.
Kunoma ikuphi, enye yezinzuzo zalo mkhiqizo wezezimali ukuthi bavumela ukuhlanganisa lezi zimpahla zezimali ngaphandle kokushiya umkhiqizo ofanayo. Lolu khetho lwenziwe ngokwalokho okuthiwa izimali zokutshala imali ezixubekile. Lapho kulungiswa khona, imali engenayo eguquguqukayo, izimpahla zemali nezinye izimpahla zezimali zanoma iluphi uhlobo ziyahlanganiswa. Lelisu lokutshala imali lifinyelela ukwehluka okukhulu ekutshalweni. Isici esingaveli kweminye imikhiqizo yezezimali, ngisho nakuleyo enolaka kakhulu.
Ukuqapha izimali
Ukuhambisana kweziKhwama Zotshalomali ngayo yonke le mithethonqubo eshiwo ngenhla kugadwe yi Ikhomishini Yemakethe Yezokuphepha Yesizwe (CNMV), lokho thola imininingwane yanyanga zonke. I-CNMV yengamela izimali ze-Investment Funds, i-SGIIC ne-Depository, zombili kude (ngokusebenzisa imininingwane etholakele) kanye nasesizeni (zihlola ngokuvakashela amabhizinisi agadiwe).
Ngokwengeziwe, i-SGIIC kanye nezinkampani ezigcina imali kufanele zisebenzele inzuzo yabahlanganyeli beziKhwama Zotshalomali, futhi kumele babambane baphendule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwaDepositary bafeza imisebenzi yokuqapha nokuqondisa abaphathi be-SGIIC futhi kufanele bazise i-CNMV nganoma yiziphi izehlakalo ezitholakele.
Khetha ezinye izimali zokutshala imali
Awukwazi kuphela ukubhalisa lezi zimali esizishilo ngenhla. Kepha, kunalokho, kukhona ezinye ezingaba mnandi kakhulu ngokuya ngemijikelezo yezomnotho. Phakathi kwalokhu okulandelayo kugqama:
- Izimali zemali. Ngokuyinhloko zisuselwa ekushintshashintsheni kwezikhulu zomhlaba. Kusuka kudola kuya kukhrone yaseNorway, ngokusebenzisa i-franc yaseSwitzerland. Lezi yizimali ezingabandakanyi umehluko omkhulu ekulinganisweni kwazo, kodwa-ke azikhululwanga engcupheni, njengoba kukhonjisiwe eminyakeni yamuva. Kunoma ikuphi, kusebenza njengomphelelisi wokwakha iphothifoliyo enamandla futhi ehlukahlukene yezimali zokutshala imali.
- Izimali ezihlanganisiwe. Yilezo okuhlanganiswa kuzo izimpahla zezezimali eziningana, njengokuphuma kokulingana kanye nemali engenayo engaguquki. Ngokwesilinganiso esingahluka ngokuya ngezinga lengcuphe abatshalizimali uqobo abafisa ukubhekana nalo. Ziwumkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokunciphisa ubungozi nokuba khona ezimakethe ezifanele kakhulu zezimali. Ngamafomethi azo zonke izinhlobo nemvelo. Esimeni esiphuthumayo esicacile ekufunweni kwabasebenzisi bezezimali ngobulula bamamodeli wabo wenkontileka.
- Izimali ezihlukile. Yifomethi engaziwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi futhi lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ezinye izinhlobo zotshalo-mali. Enye yazo isuselwa ezintweni zokusetshenziswa futhi ezingaba namandla wokubuyekeza aphakeme kunezinye izimali zokutshala imali.
Kuzo zonke izimo, lezi zinhlobo zokutshalwa kwezimali zivulekele zonke izindawo zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi izimakethe zezimali ezingajwayelekile. Akukho mingcele lapho ikhona futhi lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo izimali zokutshala imali ezinazo kweminye imikhiqizo yezezimali. Kwenziwe izinkampani ezahlukahlukene zokuphatha ezimaketha le mikhiqizo ezikhungweni zezezimali zaseSpain. Ngezimo ezahlukahlukene ekuqashweni nakumakhomishini nakwezinye izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni.
Ungazibona kanjani izimali ezifanele kakhulu kuphrofayela yami?
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu esesikubalile ngenhla, izinhlobonhlobo zezimali zokutshala imali zibanzi kakhulu ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphrofayela. Ngokuya ngeminyaka yami, iholo lami, ikhono lami lokonga nobungozi engizimisele ukuwamukela, ezinye izimali noma ezinye zizolingana nephrofayili yami yomtshalizimali. Ukuze sikwazi ukuziqondisa ngalowo mqondo, enye indlela enhle yenza ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka njengaleyo enikezwa yiFinnbest ngokuchofoza lapha. Indlela yokuyisebenzisa ilula kakhulu, kufanele uphendule kancane kancane yonke imibuzo (iminyaka yakho, imali ongayitshala, imali oyitholayo, ukonga, ubungozi obamukelekayo, njll.) Ukuze ipulatifomu ikwazi yenza uhlelo lwesikhwama sokutshala imali olulungele umsebenzisi ngamunye ngamaphesenti okutshalwa kwezimali kuma-caps amancane, ama-equities ase-US, ama-equity aseYurophu, ama-equity emazweni asafufusa, imali engenayo engaguquki. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kulula kakhulu futhi kuzokuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukukuqedela.