Kukangaki sizwa nge-inflation, ubunzima, konke kubiza kangakanani, njll. Namuhla abantu abaningi bayakwazi lokho ukwehla kwamandla emali kuhlobene nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengoKepha uma sikhuluma nge-hyperinflation, sisho ukuthini? Ukucacisa lo mbuzo, sinikele le ndatshana encazelweni ye-hyperinflation.
Ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi yini le nto eyenzekayo, sizophinda futhi siphawule ngokuthi senzeka nini nokuthi silawulwa kanjani. Uma unentshisekelo kule ndaba futhi ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge-hyperinflation, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunde.
Kuyini i-hyperinflation?
Ngaphambi kokukunikeza incazelo ye-hyperinflation, ake siqale sicacise umqondo wokwehla kwamandla emali okujwayelekile. Kuyinqubo yezomnotho ebonakala lapho kunokungalingani phakathi kwesidingo nokukhiqizwa. Kulezi zimo, amanani entengo emikhiqizo eminingi kanye nezinsizakalo akhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo ngenkathi inani lemali lehla, okusho ukuthi, amandla okuthenga ancipha.
Uma sikhuluma nge-hyperinflation sisho isikhathi eside kakhulu sokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu lapho imali ilahlekelwa khona inani layo futhi amanani aqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngokungalawuleki. Okwamanje ukwanda okungalawuleki kokutholakala kwemali nokuntuleka kwesifiso sabantu sokugcina imali ehlisiwe kuyaqondana, le nqubo yezomnotho ivelele kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lapho izwe likulesi simo, abantu bakhetha ukushintshanisa imali ngezimpahla noma ngemali yakwamanye amazwe ukuze bagcine okuthile okuyigugu. Okubi njengoba lokhu kuzwakala, izinto zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Uma ibhange elikhulu lingakwazi ukukhipha imali ebijovwe ngesikhathi senkinga, yonke le panorama iba yimbi.
Phakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX, futhi nanamuhla, kuye kwaba nezikhathi eziningi zokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu. Noma beyizenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu esikhathini esedlule, kuze kube namuhla basaqhubeka nokuthinta kakhulu umnotho womhlaba. Kuwo wonke umlando, imicimbi ethile enjengezinkinga zemali, ukonakala kwezenhlalo noma kwezepolitiki kwezwe noma izingxabano zamasosha nemiphumela yazo kuhlobene kakhulu ne-hyperinflation.
Ngabe i-hyperinflation kuthiwa ikhona nini?
Ngo-1956, uprofesa wezomnotho e-Columbia University uPhillip D. Cagan waphakamisa incazelo ye-hyperinflation. Ngokusho kwakhe, lesi simo kwenzeka lapho ukwehla kwamandla emali ngenyanga kudlula u-50% futhi kuphela lapho leli zinga liwela ngaphansi kwama-50% okungenani unyaka owodwa ngokulandelana.
Kukhona nenye incazelo ye-hyperinflation eyamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kunikezwa yi-International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Kuyingxenye ye-International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) futhi abameleli bayo yilabo abanquma imithethonqubo yokubalwa kwezimali yamazwe omhlaba (IAS). Ngokusho kwabo, izwe lidlula kwi-hyperinflation lapho ukwehla kwamandla emali okuhlanganayo kungeza ngaphezu kuka-100% esikhathini seminyaka emithathu.
Empilweni yansuku zonke
Ngokuphathelene nempilo yansuku zonke, singabona imiphumela ye-hyperinflation ezimweni ezahlukahlukene noma ngenxa yokuziphatha okuhlukile. Izitolo, isibonelo, zingashintsha ngisho namanani wemikhiqizo eziyithengisa kaningana ngosuku. Yini enye, inani labantu liqala ukusebenzisa imali yabo kuzimpahla ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze ungalahlekelwa amandla okuthenga. Kujwayelekile nokuthi bathenge, ngokwesibonelo, izinto zasendlini noma ngabe abazidingi.
Omunye umcimbi ojwayele ukwenzeka ukuthi inani lemikhiqizo liqala ukulinganiswa ngemali yakwamanye amazwe ezinzile, njengoba eyasendaweni ingekho. Kwezinye izimo i-dollarization ezenzakalelayo iyakhiwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi: Abantu bakhetha ukugcina imali abayongele imali yabo futhi benze ukuthengiselana ngemali yakwamanye amazwe lapho kungenzeka khona.
Ilawulwa kanjani i-hyperinflation?
Ukulawula i-hyperinflation kunzima futhi ingxenye enkulu yabantu ayinasikhathi esihle phakathi nawo wonke umcimbi. UJosé Guerra, isazi sezomnotho nephini lesiGungu Sikazwelonke, uqambe inani lezinyathelo ezinhlanu ezingathathwa ukunqanda le nhlekelele yezomnotho, ngokwencazelo yakhe yokwenyuka kwamandla emali. Sizophawula ngazo ngezansi:
- Ukulawulwa kwezimali: Akufanele usebenzise imali eningi kunesidingo futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kokungabalulekanga ezweni okukhulunywa ngalo.
- Ungakhiphi imali engaphezulu engajwayelekile. Ngokusho kukaJosé Guerra, "yonke imali yasebhange nemali ezweni kumele ixhaswe ngumkhiqizo kazwelonke ukuze ibe nozinzo."
- Susa ukulawulwa kokushintshaniswa. Ngaphandle kwakho, ukugeleza kwemali yangaphandle kungavunyelwa futhi.
- Susa izithiyo eziphazamisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese. UJosé Guerra ukholelwa ukuthi ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamahhala kufanele kuvunyelwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe inkululeko yokuhweba.
- Qalisa kabusha imikhakha.
Ngiyethemba le ndatshana ikusizile ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini i-hyperinflation nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Ngokuyinhloko kufana nokwehla kwamandla emali, kepha kunehaba futhi kunwetshiwe. Ngokutadisha ngokucophelela umnotho siyabona uza futhi sizame ukuzilungiselela kahle.