Impela esinye sezifiso zakho eziseduze kakhulu ekutshaleni imali ukuthenga amasheya emalini. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi akudingeki uzilinganisele emakethe yamasheya. Okwamanje unenye imikhiqizo yezimali evumela ukuthi wenze imali enenzuzo. Yize ezimweni eziningi ngaphansi kwamamodeli wokutshala imali anolaka kakhulu. Njengasendabeni ethile yamawaranti nezitifiketi okube nokwenyuka okukhulu ekuhwebeni kwabo ngonyaka odlule.
Njengoba kunjalo nangezimali ezibizwa ngokuhwebelana (ETFs), okuyingxube phakathi kokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya ngezimali zokutshala imali. Kepha ngenani elengeziwe ongakwenza khomba ezinye izimpahla zezimali, ezinye zazo zakha izinto ezintsha kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuvezwa kwalo kuqondile njengakwezinye izimakethe ezithile zezezimali. Lokho wukuthi, ungaba namandla amakhulu okulawula izikhundla zabo ukuze uhlehlise izikhundla ngesikhathi osibona sifanele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphakathi kotshalo-mali akukaze kuswele imikhiqizo ephuma emakethe yemali engenayo efana nezikweletu, amabhondi nezibopho. Yonke imikhiqizo enikezwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abavikela kakhulu. Yize ngalesi sikhathi inzuzo yayo kufanele ihlukaniswe njengengagculisi ngezintshisekelo zabasindisi. Ngaphandle kwe- nikela ngaphezu kuka-2%, yize kunenzuzo enkulu yokuthi ngumkhiqizo ongenawo amakhomishini nezinye izindleko ezitholwe ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni kwawo.
Ukutshala imali kumasheya: ukuhweba
Imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ithengise ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-32.319 emalini engenayo eguquguqukayo ngoFebhuwari, ama-22% ngaphansi kukaJanuwari no-30,6% ephansi kunesibalo senyanga efanayo ka-2018. Inani lezingxoxo belingaphansi kwezigidi ezingama-2,8, 21,8, 37% kunangaphambilini inyanga no-2018% ngaphansana kwalokho okubhaliswe ngoFebhuwari XNUMX. Esigabeni se izincwadi nezitifiketi Kwaxoxiswana ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-24, 31,8% ngaphansi kwenyanga edlule no-47,4% ngaphansi kunesikhathi esifanayo sika-2018. Inani lezingxoxo belimi ku-5.826, 7,5% ngaphansi kukaJanuwari nama-36,4% ngaphansi kunangenyanga efanayo yonyaka odlule . Inani lezinkinga ezivunyelwe ekuhwebeni lifike ku-1.186, 108% ngaphezu konyaka odlule.
Mayelana nengxenye yezimali ezithengiswa ngokushintshaniswa (ETF), kuthengiswe ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-127, ama-37,4% aphansi kunenyanga edlule kanye no-68,4% ephansi kunenyanga efanayo yonyaka odlule. Inani lamadili ngoFebhuwari limi ku-4.627, kwehle ngo-16,9% uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga eyedlule kanye no-64,5% uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga efanayo yonyaka wezi-2018. izinga eliphezulu lomsebenzi. Umthamo ophelele oqoqiwe ngonyaka ukhule ngama-77,9%, ngemuva kokuhweba ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-28.750 ngenyanga edlule, u-85,3% uphakeme kunangoFebhuwari 2018. Ngokwengeziwe, izindaba ezivunyelwe ekuhwebeni zikhuphuke ngo-7,8% kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka kanye nebhalansi esele inyuke ngo-2,9%.
Ukusebenza kokukhishwa kwezezimali
Emakethe yemikhiqizo etholakala kwezezimali, ukuhweba kukhuphuke ngo-3,9% ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sowezi-2018. Lokhu kukhuphuka bekugxilwe esikhathini esizayo sokulingana, okuthumele kusengaphambili ama-314,6%. Ukuhweba ngezinketho ze-Ibex 35 kunyuke ngo-14,8% ngenyanga. Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, isikhundla esivulekile seqoqo lezinto ezivela kwezezimali inyuke ngo-7% kuqhathaniswa nenyanga edlule.
Kulesi sigaba sokutshalwa kwezimali eSpain, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwenyuka okuyinhloko kubhaliswe esikhathini esizayo kanye nezinketho ku-Ibex 35, ngentuthuko engu-6,8% no-16,5%, ngokulandelana. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikusasa kanye ongakhetha isitokwe Futhi babe nokukhula ngalesi sikhathi okuhlaziyiwe ezimakethe zezimali zikazwelonke. Kulezi zimo ezithile, i-3,1% ne-6,6%, ngokulandelana.
Imiphumela yomphathi wezentengiselwano
IBolsas y Mercados de España (BME) ithole umphumela ophelele wama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-34,8 kwikota yesine ka-2018, okungu-6% ngaphansi kwaleyo ehambisana nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka odlule. Umphumela ophelele wonyaka ka-2018 ufinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-136,3, u-11,1% ungaphansi kuka-2017. Lapho imali isiyonke engenayo kwikota yesine ifinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-78,8. Bangaphansi ngo-0,5% kunalawo atholakale ngonyaka owedlule, yize noma kunjalo bethula isimilo esihle uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezimbili ezedlule. Okokuzivocavoca ngokuphelele, i- imali engenayo ifinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-304,2, kwehle ngo-4,9% maqondana nonyaka odlule.
Kumongo wamazinga aphansi kakhulu wokuguquguquka okungabekiwe (15% isilinganiso sansuku zonke ngokuya nge- Inkomba ye-VIBEX, okuthathu kokuyishumi ngaphansi konyaka owedlule) inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo ethengisiwe yezezimali limi kwizivumelwano eziyizigidi ezingama-43,5 ngo-2018, ukwehla ngo-2,4% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Kwikota yesine, ukuhweba kuhlale kuzinzile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka odlule ngezigidi eziyi-12,2. Inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo ku-Ibex 35, umkhiqizo onomkhawulo ophakeme kakhulu kule yunithi, inyuse inani lazo lezinkontileka okuxoxiswene ngazo ngo-1,2% esikhathini esihlaziyiwe.
Iziqinisekiso zesizukulwane esilandelayo
Ngomunye wemikhiqizo egcine ukwanda okuphezulu kokuhweba esikhathini esihlaziyiwe. Enye yamafomethi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abangayithola kungenxa yegolide. Ngonyaka odlule, kwethulwe izingqinamba eziningana emakethe ezimayelana nalokhu abanikeze ngakho ukumbozwa kwezisekelo ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwayo kukhona insimbi ephuzi. Lesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezezimali sihlukaniswa njengengozi enkulu ngabahlaziyi bezezimali ngoba ama-euro amaningi angalahleka endleleni ngokusebenzisa izikhundla zawo.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo emisha yezezimali zivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi finyelela ezimakethe ezithile. Okuthile okungenakwenziwa kube semthethweni, ikakhulu emkhakheni wezinsimbi oyigugu, kulokhu igolide. Kunoma ikuphi, kungenye indlela entsha yokutshala imali kule mpahla yezezimali ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa isikhathi esihle lapho insimbi yegolide idlula khona. Ngokubuyekezwa okuphawuleka kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili ezedlule. Kulokho okulungiselelwe njengenye yezindinganiso zokuphepha ezihamba phambili ngokusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi uma kunikezwe ukungazinzi nokuntengantenga kwezimakethe zezimali.
Imisebenzi eminingi yokuzivikela
Emakethe yemali engenayo engaguquki kukhona izikweletu, amabhondi nezibopho imikhiqizo etholwe kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Yomithathu le mikhiqizo yemali engenayo engaguquki enikeza imbuyiselo engaguquguquki futhi eqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke futhi eyizinsimbi ezisetshenziswa nguMbuso ukuzikhokhela. Noma yisiphi isakhamuzi singatshala imali kulezi ziphephelo, ezinesikhalazo sokunikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu kunaleyo evamile yasebhange. Yize imishado yabo yokulamula yehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
Vele, umkhiqizo owaziwa kakhulu futhi owaziwa kakhulu wesaver yaseSpain yincwadi yoMbuso. Ngokuya ngobude besikhathi sale mpahla, kuneminikelo emithathu: izinhlamvu eziya ku- izinyanga eziyisithupha, unyaka owodwa nezinyanga eziyi-18. Akungabazeki ukuthi inani eliphephile, ngoba inani lenzalo lilungisiwe. Kulokhu kungezwa ukuthi, yize inzuzo enikezwayo ingekho kakhulu, isikhathi sokutshala imali sifushane. Lezi yizizathu zokuthi kungani imali eningi nemali engaguquguquki yemali engenayo engaguquki itshala kule mikhiqizo.
Ibuyisa ngaphansi kuka-2%
Umthethosivivinywa wonyaka owodwa njengamanje unikeza imbuyiselo ka-1,1%. Isivuno esiphakeme kunaleso esinikezwa amadiphozithi ejwayelekile ebhange, ngoba ngokuvamile inzuzo yonyaka ingeqi ku-0,50%. Kunoma ikuphi, okunye okuhle kakhulu kulo mkhiqizo wendabuko ongaguquguquki wendabuko ukuthi akudingeki ulinde ukuphela kwethemu ukuze uqoqe imbuyiselo, ngoba ukusebenza kubonakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngalo mqondo, imishini yayo ifana kakhulu nalawo amanothi ezethembiso zebhange.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bayingxenye yephothifoliyo yokutshala imali yabatshali bezimali abavikela kakhulu noma abalondolozayo. Lapho ukuphepha kokonga kudaleka ekulimaleni kokunye ukucatshangelwa okunolaka. Okungukuthi, ungalindeli isimanga esikhulu yale mikhiqizo, kepha okungenani uzoba nesiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke ulahlekelwe yi-euro eyodwa ezikhundleni ezivulekile emholweni ongaguquki. Ngenzuzo ongakhetha ngisho nesikhathi sokutshalwa kwemali, ngeziphakamiso ezahlukahlukene. Ngale kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Lokhu kungenye yezingqinamba izimakethe ezingenayo ezihleliwe ezinazo njengamanje futhi akubonakali sengathi inzalo yayo izonyuka kakhulu ezinyangeni ezizayo. Kepha, kunalokho, bathambekele ekuzinziseni bona. Emakethe yemali engenayo engaguquki kukhona izikweletu, amabhondi nezibopho imikhiqizo etholwe kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Yomithathu le mikhiqizo yemali engenayo engaguquki enikeza imbuyiselo engaguquguquki futhi eqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke futhi eyizinsimbi ezisetshenziswa nguMbuso ukuzikhokhela. Noma yisiphi isakhamuzi singatshala imali kulezi ziphephelo, ezinesikhalazo sokunikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu kunaleyo evamile yasebhange.