Ngaphambi kokuvula izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali, kuzobaluleka impela ukuthi ucacelwe ngemikhakha lapho imali yakho izokhonjwa khona. Ngoba awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi isimilo sabo sehluke ngokusobala komunye nomunye. Ngokwehlukahlukana kuzingcaphuno ezingakwazi ukufinyelela amazinga afinyelela ku-3%. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha imikhakha yemakethe yamasheya efanelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezulu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe.
Akufanelekile kuphela ukulungiselela ukutshalwa kwezimali ukukhetha okuhle kwenani, kepha nomkhakha ongaphansi kwawo. Lelisu kumele lisetshenziswe ngokuhlanganyela ukuze lisebenze kangcono. Ngalo mqondo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi cishe akukaze kwenzeke ukuthi yonke imikhakha yemakethe yamasheya ifane njalo. Ngoba ngamunye wabo ziphethwe ngamapharamitha ahlukile nokuthi zinezinto eziguquguqukayo ezihanjiswa ezinye izinto eziguqukayo. Ukuze ngale ndlela, amanani abo angakhiwa ngokomthetho nokunikezwayo.
Ukwenza lo msebenzi ube lula kuwe, sizokudalula kweminye imikhakha efanelekile yamasheya kazwelonke. Baphi abanye balabo kuthonya kakhulu inkomba ekhethiwe emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, i-Ibex 35. Imikhakha yasebhange neyokwakha inamandla amakhulu futhi inomthelela omkhulu kunamanye amakethe yamasheya aseYurophu. Akumangalisi ukuthi isisindo saso esikhudlwana sikhulu kuno-35% futhi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo kunquma ukuthi izimali zikhuphuke noma zehle ngesikhathi esithile.
Imikhakha yemakethe yamasheya: amabhange
Ingxenye yasebhange ingumkhakha ohamba phambili ngokulingana kwamanani emali kusukela ubukhona bawo buheha ingxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngomsebenzi omkhulu wokushintshana kwezibambiso kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuhweba futhi okunquma ukuvela kwangempela kwenkomba ekhethiwe yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Ngamanani wokubaluleka kwe- I-BBVA, iSantander, iSabadell noma i-Bankinter. Eziningi zazo zihlanganisiwe njengama-chip eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezimakethe zezezimali kanye nevolumu enkulu yezivumelwano. Njengoba zibonakaliswa ngokuba amanani we-liquid kakhulu.
Umkhakha wezokwakha
Enye yemithombo emikhulu yokubhekisisa yokwenza imisebenzi ezimakethe zezwe lethu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ngomunye wemikhakha yemakethe yamasheya ebonge kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule ngenxa yokubusa kwezitini emnothweni waseSpain. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngumkhakha wokulingana nabamele kakhulu. Ngamanani wokubaluleka kwe- ACS, Ferrovial, Acciona noma Colonial. Ngoba izinkampani ezithengisa izindlu ezifana neyokugcina zikhona. Kuzo zonke izimo, yizinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zokwenza imali ezamukela kakhulu ukusebenza kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Izinkampani zikagesi
Ngenye yemikhakha efanelekile yamasheya aseSpain. Lapho basebenza khona njengamagugu okuphepha lapho kunezimo zokungazinzi ezimakethe zezimali. Omunye weminikelo yakhe emikhulu yilokho nikeza inkokhelo yesabelo enye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ezimakethe. Ngenzuzo ejwayelekile yonyaka ezungeze i-6%. Yini ehlela lawa manani njengecebo lokuqala kakhulu lokwenza iphothifoliyo yemali engenayo engaguquki kokuguqukayo. Abatshalizimali abalondoloze kakhulu abazwela kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ezimakethe zezimali. Ukuzilungiselela komunye wemikhakha yendabuko iminyaka eminingi. Ngeziqu ezingenakubalwa ezithengiswa nsuku zonke. Ngabamele ubukhulu be-Endesa, Iberdrola noma i-Naturgy.
Ama-Telecos: anabamele abambalwa
Umkhakha obalulekile kepha onqabile emalini yaseSpain. Ngamalungu amabili kuphela ku-Ibex 35, ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye yamashipsi aluhlaza afaneleke kakhulu kule nkomba yesitoko, efana Telefónica. Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphepha okusha kweCellnex, okungakabhaliswa ezimakethe isikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi okulindeleke kuyo izinto eziningi ezinhle kubatshali zimali abancane nabaphakathi naphakathi. Kunoma ikuphi, sonke isisindo sithwalwa yi-opharetha oyisithenjwa kwezokuxhumana ngocingo, enesinye sezisindo eziqonde kakhulu emakethe yamasheya kazwelonke. Akuwona neze umkhakha wezokuxhumana njengakwamanye amazwe asemvelweni yethu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinkampani ezisohlwini ekunikezeni abathengisa ngakho. Umkhakha, ngamafuphi, ukwehla okuhamba kancane kodwa okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke imibono.
Umkhakha wezokuvakasha onhlobonhlobo
Imboni yokuqala ezweni lethu ayimele ezimakethe zezimali njengoba kufanele izibeke ezingeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona iketanga ISol Meliá emele indawo yokuhlala kanye namahhotela, ngenkathi i-IAG ingumthombo wesethenjwa ngaphakathi kwengxenye yolayini bomoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Amadeus nayo kufanele ivezwe ekukhangisweni kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zezokuvakasha. Kepha okunye okuthe xaxa, okuphikisana nesimo esivezwe ezokuvakasha eSpain iminyaka eminingi manje futhi okungumnikelo ongagculisi ngokuphelele wezintshisekelo zengxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi naphakathi. Yize kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ngevolumu yokuqashwa okufanele ibekwe njengemukelekile.
Umshuwalense oyedwa kuphela ku-Ibex 35
Kulolu hlu asikwazi ukungayinaki indima edlalwa izinkampani zomshuwalense kulesi sigaba sezimakethe zamasheya. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwayo okukhulu, singathola iMapfre kuphela phakathi kwezinkampani ezingama-35 inkomba ekhethiwe kazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphepha okulahle ukubaluleka kancane kancane ngenxa yezihloko ezimbalwa ezibhaliswe kuseshini ngayinye yokuhweba. Ngokungafani namanye amazwe ezwekazini elidala, lapho umkhakha wezinkampani zomshuwalense ungenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Njengesibonelo eJalimane naseFrance lapho kubhalwe khona imishwalense eminingana futhi bonke benengxoxo enkulu. Kungumkhakha ongalinganiswa eSpain.