Imali engaguquki

Iyini imali engaguquki?

Emkhakheni wezomnotho nakwezamabhizinisi igama elithi "capital" lisetshenziselwa konke okubalulekile ukuthi lisiza ukukhiqiza izimpahla nezinsizakalo eziningi, kufaka phakathi abasebenzi, imishini, izindawo nabanye.

Ngokusho kosomnotho abakhulu yiqembu lezimpahla nemikhiqizo esisiza ukuthi sikhiqize okuningi. Ngolimi lwezezimali, yikho konke okuqongelelwe emalini okungazange kusetshenziswe ngumnikazi wawo, okungukuthi, kugcinwe futhi kwabekwa emhlabeni wezezimali; Lokhu kungaba ngokuthengwa kwamasheya, izimpahla ezitholiwe noma izimali zomphakathi, phakathi kokunye, njalo ngenhloso ethembekile yokubuyisa okungaphezulu kwalokho obekutsaliwe.

Ukukhuluma ngokomthetho yi- iqembu lamalungelo nezimpahla eziyimpahla yakho uqobo noma esemthethweni.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi imali ingethulwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene njengemali ngethemba lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzokwazi ukuba nokuningi, isethi yezimpahla zokukhiqiza ezifana nefektri. Kunoma ikuphi inhloso enkulu yenhlokodolobha ukushiya inzuzo

Amagatsha lapho inhlokodolobha ihlukaniswe khona

Leli gama lithi ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlokodolobha.

• Imali ekhishiwe, okuyilokho inkampani ethile ekunikeze njengengxenye yamasheya ayo.
• Fixed Capital, yileyo ebhekisa ezimpahleni izinkampani ezinazo njengengxenye yenqubo yazo yokukhiqiza, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zimpahla azisetshenziswa esikhathini esifushane ngoba zingezinto ezibonakalayo noma ezomusa.
• Imali EjikelezayoKuphambene nokwangaphambilini, okungukuthi, yinhlokodolobha engasetshenziswa ngenkathi inqubo yokukhiqiza iqhubeka kepha futhi kufanele ibuyiswe ngesikhathi esifushane.
• Imali eguquguqukayoLokhu kubhekisa kulowo okhokhelwayo, njengomsebenzi ngamanye amagama umholo wesisebenzi.
• Inhlokodolobha Engapheli: Kushiwo inhlokodolobha etshalwe kuzinto zokwakha, imishini nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ukwenza inqubo yokukhiqiza.
• Imali yezimali. Kubhekwa njengokumelwa kwenani lemali elimelwe kuzimpahla eziphelele zomphakathi.
• Imali eyimfihlo, kukhulunywa ngezinhlangano ezizimele noma abantu abanjengezinkampani, izikhungo futhi umehluko walokhu ukuthi isinqumo sixhumene kakhulu nababambiqhaza abambalwa abasenzayo noma abangamalungu aso asebenzayo ngokunikela ngenani lemali ekudalweni kwaso noma ngendlela efanayo iphesenti layo lithengiwe lapho-ke lifanele khona amalungelo okukwazi ukunquma ukuthi isinqumo sithatha kuphi.
• Inhlokodolobha Yomzimba. Yikho konke okuholela ezikhungweni nasezimpahla ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo.
• Izimali Ezintantayo, Kusho okulingana nalokho okufakwa ngokukhululekile kumasheya ngaphandle kokukugcina kulawulwa.
• Izimali zabantu. Lulwazi oluphelele, amakhono nobuchule abantu abutholayo futhi obenza bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukene ngendlela ekhiqizayo kungakhathalekile ukuthi banezinga eliyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Indlela inhlokodolobha engakhushulwa ngayo kuleli cala kungokwenyuka kwemali ekhokhwayo, noma ngabe iceliwe ngumsebenzi noma ngokubona amakhono akhe, iyanikezwa.
• I-Venture CapitalKuchazwa njengokutshala kabusha inzuzo evela kumasheya afanayo futhi yaziwa njengenhlokodolobha engenayo inzuzo.
• Imali yezenhlalakahle. Kuyisamba sakho konke okufakiwe okunikezwe ndawonye nokuthi esikhathini eside esizayo kunika inzuzo esikwaziyo njengokwabanini bamasheya.
• Inhlokodolobha YemveloZiyizinzuzo umuntu anazo ngomhlaba noma imvelo, lapho itshalwa khona ukuze imvelo isinikeze ukuhlukahluka kwemikhiqizo ngendlela elawulwayo yokuyivikela.
• Imali YamanziLolu hlobo lwenhlokodolobha lubhekisa kuzo zonke izinzuzo ezitholwe enkampanini noma enanini lezomnotho elitholakalayo. I-LO okusho ukuthi yipesenti etholwe njengenzuzo ekutshalweni kwemali. Okusho ukuthi, ikunikeza ngezinsizakusebenza noma imali ukuze isetshenziswe emisebenzini efanele wena.
• Imali Yezimali, isethi yenhlokodolobha yabantu, yemvelo, yezenhlalo neyokukhiqiza
• Imali ebhalisiwe, imali eguquguqukayo abaninimasheya abavuma ukuyinikeza, efanayo naleyo eyedlule, okungukuthi, umnikelo unikezwa ukudala imali.
• Inhlokodolobha Kazwelonke. Yenziwe ngakho konke okukhiqizwayo nokwenziwa endaweni yezwe futhi kufaka yonke imali ehamba kuyo, izimpahla ezibonakalayo ezikhiqizwayo futhi kuyindlela yokuthola amandla okukhiqiza ezweni.

Hoy sizogxila ekukhulumeni kuphela ngemali engaguquki okuyiwona ohlanganisa yonke into eyinqubo yokukhiqiza enkampanini futhi eyehla esikhathini esizayo, njengemishini ye-real estate, ukufakwa nokunye.

Isetshenziswa kufayela le- ulimi lokutshala imali lwe-European Account Systems (SEC) njengoba sekushiwo vele ukuthi ilinganisa ngezibalo ukuthi yiziphi izindlu nomhlaba nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo zezinkampani nohulumeni ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Kunezigaba eziningana zezinkampani eziqokwe ngumthetho jikelele we-LGSM wezinkampani zentengiso lapho, ngokwesibonelo, inkampani enomkhawulo yomphakathi isho ukuthi isikweletu sayo sinqunyelwe amasheya nabanye; kepha futhi bangathatha uhlobo lwenhlokodolobha eguquguqukayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwemali eyinhloko ephelele

Ukwakhiwa kwemali eyinhloko ephelele ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba okusho ukuthi, njengemisele, idonsa futhi ibiyele imishini yamafektri, imishini, izakhiwo, izikole, imigwaqo neminye neminye. Ngokusobala umiselwe ukumiswa kuhulumeni omelwe ngemali enkulu.

Lona uhlobo olukhulu lwenhlokodolobha oluthiwa lwehlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu esikuchaza ngezansi:

Ukwakhiwa kwemali eyinhloko ephelele

Yizimpahla eziholelwayo ezitshaliwe ekukhiqizeni isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswe kwaba 2:

1.  Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Engaguquki ukuthi kumane nje ukwehliswa kwamanani wezimpahla ezingaguquki abanazo ngenxa yokusebenzisa okulula noma ukuwohloka okuvamile noma lapho kungasasebenziseki kithi; Lokhu kusho ngokwezomnotho ukuthi ingxenye yalokho okukhiqizwayo izosetshenziselwa ngqo ukutshala imali ngenhloso yokwenza inani elikhulu lezimpahla nezinsizakalo, yize kudlula izinyanga noma iminyaka, lezi zimpahla zilahlekelwa yinani lazo njengoba ziwohloka. njengemishini. Lapho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwemali engaguquki kuzoncika esikhathini sokuwohloka lapho izimpahla zihlanganisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela isamba sotshalomali esenziwe sizokwehla.
2. Ukwakhiwa kwenetha kwemali engaguquki. Kuzoba leso saphulelo esenziwa ngokususa lokho kudla enhlokodolobha engaguquki. Ngamanye amagama, ukwakheka okuphelele kwemali engaguquki yikho okusazisa ngokubaluleka kwemithombo edingekayo yokutshala imali; Ngamanye amazwi, lisazisa ngomnotho wamanje ngezinguquko esezenziwe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Yini izimpahla nezikweletu

Ukuhluka kwesitoko

Lokhu kubalwa kusukela kumehluko phakathi kwenani lokungenayo nokuphumayo esitokweni okufaka isikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi osekuvele kunciphise ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwezimpahla ezisesitokweni.

Bayingxenye yalokhu:

• Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe.
• Imisebenzi engaqediwe efana nezilwane ezenzelwe ukuthengiswa njengemfuyo nezitshalo kanye nalezo eseziqediwe futhi ngeke ziguqulwe.
• Ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kepha kuphela uma kuthengiwe ukuthi kuthengiswe kule ndawo yezwe.

Ngokuyinhloko lokho okuvele kukhona, ngaphandle komsebenzi ongakaqedwa: zihlelwa yizinqolobane ezizotholakala isikhathi esingeqile konyaka owodwa ngemisebenzi eyenziwe.

Ukutholwa kuncishisiwe ukulahlwa kwezinto eziyigugu. Yilezo ezingezona ezezimali, okusho ukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuyinhloko akukona ukukhiqiza noma kwehlise isithunzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imali yokutshala imali isuselwa ekunikezeni imali ngokushintshanisa inzuzo

Labo abatshala imali yabo ukwenza inzuzo ephezulu futhi lapho itshalwa khona ngokusobala, inzuzo enkulu ezoba nayo ngekusasa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sigcizelele ukuthi uma imali itshaliwe, ingaba nenzuzo enkulu kepha ngendlela efanayo ingaphikisana nayo, ngoba ukutshalwa kwemali kunengozi yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungenzeka futhi kube lusizo ekutshalweni kwethu, kepha zingabonisa ukwehluleka ngokungatholi inzuzo enenzuzo.

Ngalesi sizathu, konke ukunyakaza kufanele kuhlaziywe kahle ukuze izinqumo zomuntu siqu nezokuhlanganyela ziphumelele ngangokunokwenzeka ngoba lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwezinqumo zethu, ukuziguqula kube yinzuzo ethe xaxa kanye nezinzuzo ezinkulu.

Khumbula ukuthi a inkampani noma inhlokodolobha enezinqumo ezifanele futhi eziqondiswe kahle iyathandeka emehlweni emakethe yamasheya. Kepha uma kwenzeka okuphambene, inzuzo izoncishiswa izinqumo ezimbi ezenziwe futhi ngokwemvelo lokhu kuzocatshangelwa ngaphambi kwemakethe yamasheya. Le mininingwane emincane izokwenza inhlokodolobha yakho ibe yinto ephumelelayo futhi uzothola izinzuzo ezinkulu otshalweni ofuna ukulwenza.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya ngemali engenayo engaguquki