Ukutshala imali yethu ngendlela efanele kudinga ukuthi sikhumbule imiqondo ehlukene ezosisiza sikhethe izinketho ezifanele tshala imali yethu. Imiqondo emibili esizoyithola kaningi yileyo Ingeniso Engaguquki Nenzuzo Eguqukayo. Ukuze siwaqonde kahle kudingeka sicacelwe ngemiqondo elandelayo:
Yini inzuzo yezezimali?
Singachaza Inzuzo yezezimali njengobudlelwano bamaphesenti obukhona phakathi kwezinzuzo esizithola kutshalo-mali lwenhlokodolobha yethu. Umqondo ubaluleke kakhulu kozakwethu nabanikazi benkampani ngoba yiyo ekhombisa ukuthi bazohola malini ngemuva kokutshala imali.
Kulokhu umqondo usebenza ku- imali engenayo engaguquki neguquguqukayo futhi ibhekisa ezinzuzweni (noma imali engenayo) eyenziwe yizimpahla ezithile zezimali ezinjengamasheya, amabhondi noma izikweletu. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili uhlobene nabatshali bezimali abathatha ingozi lapho bekhetha noma yikuphi kwalokhu okubili.
Kusho ukuthini ukutshala imali?
Ukutshala imali kusho ukufaka imali yethu kuzinto ezehlukene zezezimali ukuze ikhiqize inzuzo yezezimali. Lokhu kuqala embonweni wokuthi umtshali-zimali umuntu onqumayo faka imali oyongile (noma imali) komunye wemikhiqizo yezimali etholakala emakethe futhi evumelana kangcono nezidingo zethu.
Isibonelo salokhu yilezi izenzo, okuyithuluzi lezezimali ngoba ukuze izinkampani zisebenze zidinga abalingani bokutshala imali abanikezela ngemali edingekayo ukuqala noma ukuqhubeka nokusebenza. Lapho inkampani iphumelela ngokwengeziwe, nemali etholwa ngabalingani abatshala imali iyanda futhi inzuzo iba nkulu.
Kusho ukuthini izinga lokungaqiniseki?
Ukungaqiniseki kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka khona ukuthi kungenzeka umcimbi othile ungaziwa ngokuphelele. Kwezezimali kungumqondo osetshenziswa kabanzi ngoba abatshalizimali bafuna ukuba nayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo nezinqubo zokunciphisa ngangokunokwenzeka izinga lokungaqiniseki kwezinsimbi zalo zezezimali.
Iyini ingozi yezezimali?
El ingozi yezezimali Kungachazwa njengamathuba okuba kwenzeke umcimbi lapho silahlekelwa yikhapitali yethu ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Ifaka phakathi kokubili ukuthola okuncane kunemiphumela elindelekile, noma kulahlekelwe ngokuphelele leyo mali. khona izinhlobo ezahlukene zengozi futhi kufanele sizicabangele zonke ngaphambi kokukhetha ukuthi sizotshala kuphi:
- Ubungozi bemakethe: Yinye ehlotshaniswa nokushintshashintsha kwezimakethe zezimali.
- Ubungozi besikweletu: Kungenzeka ukuthi elinye lamaqembu enkontileka lingathathi izibopho zalo.
- Ubungozi boketshezi: Yiyo ethatha ukuthi elinye lamaqembu enkontileka kungenzeka lingatholi isikweletu esidingekayo sokwenza izibopho zalo yize linezimpahla zokwenza lokho.
- Ingozi yokusebenza: Ingcuphe ecatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokulahleka kwezezimali okuvela ekuhlulekeni kwezinqubo, abantu, amasistimu noma ubuchwepheshe, kanye neminye imicimbi engalindelekile.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-Fixed Income?
Ukuze kube khona i- imali engenayo Kufanele wazi kusengaphambili ukugeleza kwemali engenayo okuzotshalwa utshalomali. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kumele kube yizimali ezinedatha yomlando noma izindlela ezinembile zokubikezela. Kulokhu uhlobo lotshalo-mali faka zonke lezo zimpahla zezezimali nokuvikeleka okufana ne- izibopho, amanothi wesethembiso, izikweletu namabhondi. Futhi ngena kulesi sigaba izinhlelo eziqashisayo nezindawo zokonga njenge ama-akhawunti okonga kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa kwemali.
Ku imakethe yezezimali, Ngaphambi kokuthengiselana kwalezi zinsimbi zezezimali, kudingidwa kuqala ngaphambi kokuvumelana ngezimo nezimpawu. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukuthola insimbi yemali engaguquki kufanele sikulungele ukutshala imali enkulu, ngoba iphesenti lembuyiselo lincane kakhulu, kuphela ngokutshala imali eningi kakhulu lapho sizobona khona inzuzo enkulu kulondolozo lwethu.
La ukungabi namali engenayo engaguquki ngukuthi inzuzo etholakele incane kakhulu kunaleyo yamasheya, kodwa okuhle kakhulu ukuthi ingozi yokulahlekelwa yikho konke noma ingxenye yenhlokodolobha etshaliwe ingaphansi kakhulu. Kungakho kuthiwa ku imali engaguquki izinga lokungaqiniseki incane, ngoba iphesenti elilindelekile lenzuzo laziwa ngaphambilini futhi ukwehla kwamandla alo cishe akukho.
Ngokuvamile imali engaguquki incike ezimeni ezahlukahlukene ukutholakala kwemali. Kungakho lapho sinquma ukutshala imali kulokhu uhlobo lwezinsimbi zezezimali kumele sazi ukuthi kungukutshalwa kwemali kwesikhathi eside. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokonga umhlalaphansi noma ezinhlelweni zempesheni.
Isebenza kanjani i-Variable Income?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali Yilokho okwenzeka ekutshalweni kwemali lapho kungaziwa khona kusengaphambili imifudlana yemali engenayo lokho kuzokhiqiza imisebenzi. Lokhu kungaphakama kakhulu noma kube phansi kakhulu, noma kube kubi, ngoba kuncike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ze-macroeconomic kanye ne-microeconomic, njengokusebenza kwenkampani, isimilo semakethe noma ukuvela komnotho.
Ezinye izibonelo ze- Izimali zingamasheya, izimali ezihlangene kanye namabhondi aguqukayo. Ngenkathi kuliqiniso lokho ngokujwayelekile izimali zokulingana ukukhiqiza inzuzo enkulu, kufanele sinake ukuthi baveza ubungozi obukhulu. Ukutshalwa kwemali kwe-equity kuvame ukuba yisikhathi esifushane naphakathi. Ukuze uzisebenzise udinga ukuba nomqondo ozinzile wokusebenzisa imali yethu ngokuqapha.
La izimali ezinamanani ezingeni eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki, ngoba imininingwane ye-microeconomic noma ye-macroeconomic engathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwenkampani, ngakho-ke, impumelelo yayo yezohwebo neyezezimali, aziwa. Mayelana nesikhathi sokudlulisa lo mkhiqizo wezezimali, sithola ukuthi umzuzu nomzuzu kuthengiswa okuningi izimali ezisohlwini lwemakethe yezezimali. Esinye isici ukuthi kulolu hlobo lokutshala imali singatshala noma yiliphi inani lemali, kusuka kumanani amancane kakhulu kuya kumanani adlula izigidi.
Ungalukhetha kanjani uhlobo lwemali oluvumelana nathi kangcono?
Leli yigama elibizwa Ingozi-Inzuzo enkulu esho ukuthi uma ingozi iba nkulu, inzuzo iba phezulu. Ekuboneni kuqala singacabanga ukuthi kulokhu into enengqondo kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu atshale imali engenayo eguquguqukayo azothola ngayo inzuzo ethe xaxa. Noma kunjalo, ingozi kusitshela ukuthi amathuba aphakeme kakhulu lapho imali eyitshaliwe izonyamalala ngokuphelele. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abantu abaningi bakhetha imali engenayo engaguquki, lapho ingozi ingu-zero noma incane kakhulu.
Esinye isici okufanele sisicabangele lapho sikhetha ifayela le- ithuluzi lezezimali kuyinduduzo ngamunye wethu aletha kithi. Uma into enhle kakhulu kithina ukuqiniseka ukuthi sizoba nemali enkudlwana uma isikhathi sokutshala imali sesiphelile, kungcono ukhethe eyodwa imali engaguquki ekuvumela ukuthi wandise imali ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwezintshisekelo. Kulolu hlelo singakhohlwa futhi nemali etshaliwe bese siyiyeka ikhule yodwa.
Kodwa-ke, labo bantu abanolwazi olunzulu ngokusebenza kwe- izinsimbi zokutshala imaliBanokududuzeka kokukwazi ukuthola inani elikhulu lemali ngesikhathi esifushane inqobo nje uma umsebenzi abatshalile kuwo uphumelele. Laba bantu abagcini nje ngokwazi ukukhetha labo izimali ezizokhiqiza inzuzo ethe xaxa, kodwa futhi bayazi ukuthi kufanele basabele kanjani kumzuzwana ka ukulahleka kwemali ukuyinqoba futhi uzitholele inani elincane lokulahleka okungenzeka.
Ngale ndlela singaphetha ngokuthi zombili izinhlobo zezitshalomali unezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokuya nge ukusebenza kanye nokuthengwa kwemali. Into ephumelela kakhulu ukuhlaziya isimo sezimali esizithola sikuso bese sithatha isinqumo sokuthi ngabe yini esiyidingayo ukutshalwa kwemali lapho singajahi ukubuyisa imali yethu inqobo nje uma sinesiqiniseko sokuthi izobe ikhona, noma uma sifuna amanani aphezulu emali ngesikhathi esifushane sazi ukuthi lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni yiyo yonke imali yethu, noma ngabe incane noma inkulu kangakanani.
Okunconyelwe kakhulu ukuthi tshala imali kuzinsimbi zomculo zombili imali engenayo engaguquki kanye nemali engenayo eguquguqukayo, aphenye kahle wonke umongo ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo. Abatshalizimali abaningi banakho okokusebenza kwezezimali okungaguquguquki Lapho bebeka khona imali ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ezinzile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile babeka izingozi emholweni oguqukayo. Ukuba nephothifoliyo ehlukahlukene kusisiza ukuthi imali yethu inganciki ngokuphelele entweni eyodwa yezezimali, inqobo nje uma sinolwazi nesipiliyoni esidingekayo ukuze sibeke engcupheni ukutshala imali ngokukhaliphile kuthuluzi lokutshala izimali, sazi ukuthi kunengozi okumele ucatshangwe futhi ube nohlelo lokusebenza uma kwenzeka ukulahleka kwemali.