Ngaphakathi kwamasheya, umkhakha wamabhange ungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, futhi futhi onethonya, onesisindo esithile emikhondweni eyinhloko yemakethe yamasheya sinokubaluleka okukhethekile. Inobukhona obuhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimakethe zezimali, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukungabheki amanani abo ukwenza iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali elinganiselayo futhi ehlukahlukene. Akumangalisi ukuthi ingxenye enhle yamagugu angcono kakhulu ingeyalomkhakha.
Umthelela wayo emakethe yamasheya aseSpain unquma kakhulu kunakwamanye ama-indices endaweni yayo. Isisindo sayo esithile sisebenza kakhulu, ngokutholakala kohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi wezezimali abhalwe emakethe yamasheya. Futhi nokuthi ngeke bavame ukungazinaki izinqumo zakho zokuvula izikhundla ezimakethe zezezimali. Ngokuqinisekile uzobe ukwenze ngaphezu kokukodwa emlandweni wakho njengomtshali-zimali omncane.
Amathuba okuthenga avulekele wena emakethe eqhubekayo yaseSpain makhulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezinye izimakethe zamasheya. Kungakho kungamangazi ukuthi ukuvela kwenkomba yokuma kukazwelonke, Ibex 35, kuncike kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwamabhange ezimakethe. Uma bekhuphuka ngamanani abo, kuzoba namathuba amaningi okuthi i-Ibex izokwenza ngamandla afanayo, futhi ngokufanayo.
Yimaphi amabhange ahlanganisiwe?
Ukuba khona kwemakethe yamasheya emalini yaseSpain kungaphezu kokufanelekile. Unamamodeli amaningi webhizinisi okwenza ukonga kwakho kube nenzuzo. Kusuka emaqenjini amakhulu asebhange (I-BBVA, iSantander neCaixbank), kubamele amabhange amaphakathi (i-Bankinter ne-Popular, ikakhulukazi). Ngaphandle kokukhohlwa - kunjalo - amalungu ebhange elincane, nawo anendawo ezimakethe, futhi ungatshala imali etholakalayo onayo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngokuvamile yizinkampani ezinkulu ezinkulu, ezihambisa amasheya amaningi kuseshini ngayinye yokuhweba. Akumangalisi ukuthi lawa amanani angamanzi kakhulu, futhi kunoma yisiphi isimo ngaphezu kwabamele eminye imikhakha. Ngeke uvele uzithole ubambeke ezikhundleni zakho, futhi kulula ukungena nokuphuma ezikhundleni zabo. Esinye isici esisekela lesi sikhalazo sokutshala imali oyilondolozile sivela kwinzuzo ephezulu abakhokha ngayo abaninimasheya bayo, nokuthi ine inzuzo emaphakathi ezungeze u-5%. Kuphezulu kunalokho okunikezwa yimikhiqizo eyinhloko yokonga (amanothi wesethembiso, imali yesikhathi, amabhondi azimele, njll.).
Umholo wesabelo esihle kakhulu
Iningi le amabhange izinkampani ezifakwe kuhlu zinikela ngenkokhelo kubaninimasheya ngalo mqondo. Kuvame ukwenziwa kane ngonyakaokusho ukuthi, njalo ngekota. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkampani ezikweminye imikhakha ezenza le nkokhelo kanye noma kabili ngonyaka. Ngalo mqondo, amabhange amakhulu yiwo aphana kakhulu uma kuziwa ekwenzeni le nqubomgomo yemiholo, yize eminyakeni yamuva imingcele yenzuzo yayo ibikhona, futhi yehlisiwe.
Enye yezinto ezintsha zalezi zinkokhelo ezijwayelekile ezivela emkhakheni wamabhange ukuthi zivame ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwesimo se- izinzuzo eziguquguqukayo. Ukuthi uzothatha kuphi isinqumo, uma ukhetha ukuyiqoqa ngqo nokuthi inani liya ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola. Noma ngokuphambene nalokho, kufake ekutshalweni kwakho ngokuthenga amasheya amaningi. Ngalo mqondo, umkhakha wamabhange waseSpain ube yiphayona ekwakheni leli qhinga lokutshala imali eliyingqayizivele elisetshenziselwe izinzuzo.
Ngaleli su amabhange akunikeza lona, ungakha imali engenayo engaguquki kokuguquguqukayo, futhi noma ngabe amasheya entengo. Ngalokho ozoba nokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe nokulungisiwe minyaka yonke. Lokho kuzothutha ebangeni elisuka ku-3% liye ku-6%. Futhi lokho kuzosebenzela ukukhokhela izindleko ezincane ze-accounting, noma ngqo ukukunikeza isifiso esingajwayelekile.
Ukungazinzi komkhakha webhange
Kunoma ikuphi, sekungomunye wemibhalo eyingozi kakhulu yebhizinisi eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga ezinkulu ibhange elibhekene nazo njengamanje. Inkinga yezomnotho iholele ekuvezweni okukhulu kwalezi zimiso, futhi lokho kuye kwaba nakho ku- iBrexit yakamuva, ukumuka kweGreat Britain ezikhungweni zomphakathi, isichazi sayo sokugcina. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwehla kwalesi sigaba samanani kuvezwe kakhulu kunakwamanye imikhakha. Ngokuwa kaningi okweqe umkhawulo ongu-5%.
Ngalezi zizathu, akumangazi ukuthi abalamuli ababaluleke kakhulu bezezimali abanamabhange phakathi kwezincomo zabo eziyinhloko. Baye bakhetha nokuzehlisa isisindo sabo lapho bethatha izikhundla emkhakheni wezamabhange. Kwanele ukukhumbula ukuthi iBanco Santander okwamanje ihweba ngama-euro angaphezu kwama-3, lapho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule bekungama-euro ayisithupha ngesabelo ngasinye.
Futhi nezinkinga ezithile emigqeni yayo yebhizinisi, njengakwisimo esithile seBanco Popular, obekufanele yenze indlela ye- ukwanda kwemali. Futhi lokho kuholele ekutheni intengo yamasheya ayo yehle ngendlela ephawuleka kakhulu, futhi njengamanje isondelene kakhulu nomgoqo wesabelo ngasinye. Lezi akuzona izikhathi zokuthula zokutshala imali emabhange, futhi kuphela ithuba lokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukubuyisa kwabo okunikeza ukuvumelana okuthile ekunyakazeni kwamasheya.
Ngokuhamba okuguquguqukayo kakhulu
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, amabhange aseSpain ayebonakala ngoba ayengamanani azinze kakhulu, ngomehluko ongahlonishwa ngokweqile phakathi kwezintengo zawo eziphakeme nezincane kuseshini efanayo yokuhweba. Ukuhlinzeka ngozinzo kuphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali eyenziwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Lo mkhuba usuphelile, futhi manje sekuvame kakhulu ukubona ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwamanani abo, ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
Amanani abo ngokushesha nje lapho edubula, njengoba ngosuku olulandelayo akhombisa ukululama okucijile kakhulu. Azikugcini ukuzinzaEsikhundleni salokho, kungenxa yokuhamba kwezimakethe zezezimali, futhi kungani kungenjalo, ngemininingwane yezomnotho waseSpain, nangokwandiswa komnotho wezwe. Ungathola imali eningi, kepha futhi ulahlekelwe yingxenye yemali obuyitshalile.
Kwanele ukubuyekeza ukunyakaza kwamuva emkhakheni ukuze ubone ukuthi imisebenzi yayo empeleni ayibanga nzuzo kangakanani kuzintshisekelo zakho. Amabhange amaningi manje abiza uhhafu walokho ayeyikho ngonyaka noma emibili edlule. Futhi lokho ngokwenza kusho ukuthi banciphise cishe ngama-50%. Kulesi simo esivamile, akusiso isikhathi esikahle sokuvula izikhundla kulo mkhakha obekwe obala ukukhula komnotho.
Futhi lokho kusenkingeni yokunyakaza kwezinkampani phakathi kwezikhungo zezezimali. Nokuthi banesikhombi sabo esikhulu kunazo zonke ku-OPAS. Le yimisebenzi ongathola ngayo inzuzo enhle kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukulahleka okukhulu uma ungazi ukuthi ungazihambisa kanjani izikhathi. Futhi kuphela abatshalizimali abanolwazi kakhulu ezimakethe abasebenzisa kahle izikhundla zabo. Futhi njengomphumela wazo zonke lezi zehlakalo, kutholakala iqembu elikhudlwana ekunikezelweni kwenkontileka yamasheya asebhange.
Bacashunwe ngamanani aqinile kakhulu
Ukwehla kwamanani entengo yasebhange muva nje kuholele ekutheni kube mnandi kakhulu ukuzibeka kwamanye ala magugu. Kepha isikhathi esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside sokuhlala unomphela, ungalokothi wenze imisebenzi emifushane neqagelayo. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, kungaba yithuba onalo lokukhulisa imali oyongile. Futhi ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthi uzoba nemali ethe xaxa njengomphumela wokuqoqa izinzuzo minyaka yonke.
Usezikhathini ezimbalwa ekulinganisweni kwalezi zinkampani kwesinye sezinto ze- izigaba eziphansi zomjikelezo. Ungasizakala ngalesi simo, wazi ukuthi basengaqhubeka nokuncipha kakhulu ezimakethe zezezimali. Okungenani kuze kuphele ukungabaza okukhungethe umkhakha wamabhange kulo nyaka.
Futhi uma ungafuni ukuziveza engcupheni zayo ngqo, uzohlala unensiza ye- khetha izimali zokubambisana, noma kuhlanganisiwe, lokho kuzokusiza ukuthi unciphise ukulahleka okungahle kwenzeke okudalwe yizikhundla zakho. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi ukwazi ukwehlukanisa utshalomali nezinye izimpahla zezezimali, kusuka kumali engenayo engaguquki eguquguqukayo.
Futhi ngamaphrofayli alondolozeka kakhudlwana, njengoba kungenzeka kuwe, isixazululo singamelwa yi imali yesikhathi exhunywe namasheya aseSpain, futhi ezimweni futhi ezamazwe omhlaba. Ngeke ulahlekelwe yimali, ngoba uzoba nembuyiselo eqinisekisiwe, yize kuzo zonke izimo izobe incane kakhulu. Kusuka eminikelweni engabizi kakhulu kuyo yonke imizi.
Isu lokutshala imali
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, izifiso zakho kufanele ziqondiswe ekunikezeni iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali ukuzinza okukhulu. Okwamanje ayidluli ngokuthenga amasheya emkhakheni wamabhange. Ngeke ube nokhetho ngaphandle kokubalinda khiqiza ukusikeka okukhulu ngentengo yayo futhi ungavula izikhundla ngaphansi kwezilinganiso ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezokuncintisana ukwenza ukunyakaza kube nenzuzo.
Ukuqapha kanye nokuqapha kuzoba yizona zinto ezijwayelekile lapho okufanele kwenziwe khona izenzo zakho emalini, ikakhulukazi kulesi sigaba, esisebhange. Futhi-ke, kuzofanele ulinde ukungabaza okuvela esimweni samanje sezomnotho, futhi mhlawumbe nakwezombusazwe, ukuze kuqedwe. Kuzoba iseluleko esihle kakhulu ukuze impumelelo yengamele yonke iminyakazo yakho. Futhi ungaba neminye imikhakha evuna izintshisekelo zakho okwamanje. Ngeke ube nokhetho ngaphandle kokuqeda wonke amathuba, bese ukhetha okukufanele kakhulu ezimweni ngasinye.