Kwenzekani uma amazinga enzalo enyuka? Cishe bonke abantu bayazi ukuthi izikweletu zizothinteka, yinto abangayeki ukuyiphindaphinda eziteshini zolwazi. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi izikweletu zezindlu zizomba eqolo, imithelela yawo wonke umnotho nayo injalo. Inohlangothi lwayo oluhle, kanti futhi inegethivu.
Esihlokweni esilandelayo, ukukhathazeka okufunwe kakhulu okuhlobene nezilinganiso zenzalo kanye nendlela ezithinta ngayo imakethe yezindlu ezithengiswayo kuzoqhathaniswa. Sizobona futhi ukuthi amabhondi athola kanjani amandla futhi futhi azibeke njengenye indlela yokwenza inzuzo, asuse okunye ukukhanya kwezindlu.
Umkhakha wezindlu ezithengiswayo onezilinganiso zenzalo ezikhulayo
Kusukela maphakathi no-2020, ukuthambekela okuvamile ekukhuphukeni kwentengo yezindlu kubonakala kuwo wonke amazwe. Lokhu kwakungenxa yofuduko "lobuningi" (okungenani labo ababengakwazi) lwabantu abashiya idolobha beyofuna amakhaya athule noma abanzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakuyizindlu ezinamathafa, ezivulekile kakhulu, izindawo zasemakhaya, njll.
Lokhu kukhula kwaba yinto esaba nayo eSpain, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi amazwe amaningi abone amanani ezindlu zawo enyuka ngezinga elikhulu. Njengamanje, lapho izikweletu zezindlu ziba eqolo, yikuphi ukuqagela okukhona?
Izindlu eSpain
ESpain, izindlu azikayeki ukunyuka phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule. Ukubuyiswa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo kuchazwa ngezizathu ezishiwo ngenhla nangenxa yokuthi umkhakha awucindezelwe njengakwamanye amazwe. Esinye sezikhuthazo, njengoba kwenzekile nakwezinye izindawo, kube uxhaso olushibhile ngenxa yamazinga enzalo aphansi ngokomlando. Nakuba lokhu kuthenga kalula bekuhlotshaniswa nenani eliphakeme lezindlu, akubanga nandaba kangako emindenini eminingi uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi imali yokuqasha inyuke kakhulu. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni izikweletu zezindlu zishibhe kakhulu kunezinkokhelo zerenti.
Abatshali bezimali bathole futhi izikhuthazo okuthi, kude nenzalo ehlekisayo amabhondi akwazi ukuyikhokha futhi kude nokukwazi ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo ngendlela engaphezulu noma engalindelekile, babone esitini indlela yokukwazi ukwenza. benenzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlu nazo zibhekwa njengempahla yesiphephelo, wonke umuntu udinga uphahla. Nokho, ngemva kokwenyuka okuqhubekayo kwe-Euribor ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, izindlu zibonakala seziqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuthi isiqala ukwehlisa ijubane ebikade iligcinile.
Izindlu kwamanye amazwe
Ngemuva kwenhlekelele eyaqubuka ngo-2008, iSpain yaphuma kabi kakhulu. Nokho, akuzange kwenzeke okufanayo nakwamanye amazwe. Kwabaningi babo, benganakile amandla anonya okungaqhuma ngawo ibhamuza lezindlu, babone amanani ezindlu enyuka aze afike emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu. Kulezi zindawo ezifanayo lapho, ngemva kokukhuphuka kwamazinga enzalo, imakethe yezindlu nezindlu isivele ihlupheka futhi izikhathi ezinhle azibonwa kusengaphambili.
Izibonelo zazo ngezinye zazo ukwehla kwentengo yazo ngamadijithi amabili:
- E-New Zealand. I-Central Bank yayo inyuse amanani izikhathi ezingu-7 ezinyangeni eziyi-10 ezedlule. Izindlu zehle ngo-11% kanti kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kuze kufike ku-20%.
- Poland. Ababolekisi abaningana babone izitolimende zabo zanyanga zonke ziphindeka kabili njengoba amanani enyuka. Uhulumeni ungenelele ekuqaleni konyaka ukuze amaPoles amise ukukhokha kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisi-8. Lesi sinyathelo sithinte inzuzo yamabhange amakhulu ezwe.
Ukwengeza, sithola amazwe amaningi amanani awo aseqalile ukwehla, njenge-Australia, iJalimane, i-Great Britain, i-Canada ... noma i-China, lapho kunokukhathazeka ngisho nasemhlabeni wonke mayelana nobukhulu benhlekelele nokuthi ingafinyelela kanjani iplanethi yonke. Okufana ne-USA, okubonakale imiphumela yayo, ukudayiswa kwezindlu ezintsha kwehlile, futhi imiphumela emnothweni wayo ivamise ukuzwakala emhlabeni wonke.
Amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali ngezinga lenzalo elikhuphukayo?
Amathemba omkhakha wezindawo ezithengiswayo njengamanje mabi impela, into onyakeni ongu-1 odlule eyayiphambene. Indida kulezi zimo ukuthi labo abathenga unyaka ongu-1 odlule manje sebezithole besendaweni enobutha kakhulu. Ukutshala imali kunezingozi, kodwa abatshalizimali abaningi abalindele izehlakalo baqala ukuhlehlisa izikhundla zabo ezinkampanini ezisembonini yezindlu nezindlu. Cishe bonke baye bathinteka.
Okukhulu kunabo bonke, okubhekwa "njengomninikhaya" omkhulu kunabo bonke eYurophu yiVonovia, amasheya ayo ehle cishe ngo-1% unyaka owodwa. Ezintengo zamanje zemakethe, iphothifoliyo yakho inenani elingaphezu kwenani lemali yemakethe, okuhlanganisa nesikweletu sakho. Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kwehla kwentengo kuqhubeka, inani lakhona lizoba sengozini njengoba imakethe isivele isephulelo.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi, njengoba kwenzeka ngenhlekelele yangaphambilini yezindawo ezithengiswayo, lapho abatshalizimali belindele ukuthi lo mkhakha uzolulama, amasheya ezinkampani ezithengisa izindlu noma ama-REIT azophakama ngaphambi kokuba kube nezindlu ngokwazo. Okuwukuphela kombuzo esizosala nawo ukuthi ingabe amasheya asevele akhombisa ukwehla, ukuba seduze nawo, noma ukuthi ukwehla kuzoqhubeka yini. Ngokunjalo, labo abanenhlanhla yokukwazi ukuthenga amasheya e-REIT eduze nezindleko zabo eziphansi, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo, kuzoba yilabo kamuva abajabulela izinzuzo ezingcono zemali.
Amabhondi vs. Amakhaya
Futhi ekugcineni, enye yezingxabano emakethe yezindlu nezindlu inenhlanhla yayo emakethe yemali engenayo engashintshi. Njengoba izilinganiso zenzalo bezilokhu zikhuphuka, amabhondi manje anikeza isivuno esingcono. Ukwazisa ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu, futhi futhi kukhululekile, njengoba izibopho zikhuphuka futhi zisondela ekuvuthweni kwezindlu ezithengiswayo, kubonakala sengathi ziqala ukubuyisela ukukhanya abatshalizimali abaningi asebekubheka njengokulahlekile.
Ibhondi yaseSpain yeminyaka eyi-10 isondele ku-3%, i-US 3% noma iJalimane 5%. Ukwenyuka kwamazinga aqinile ngokuvamile kwandulela ukwehla komnotho, kodwa kulokhu bekufanele kwenziwe ngomoya wokunqanda ukwehla kwamandla emali. Nakuba ivela ekwenyukeni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, amanani aphansi kangako anokwehla kwamandla emali ngo-1% kusewumgomo wezimali ogqugquzela izikweletu nokusetshenziswa. Okuthile okufanele sikugweme, inqobo nje uma amanani enyuka ngaphezu kwalokho asevele ekhuphuka.