Igolide nesiliva yizimpahla ezimbili zezezimali ezigcina ukukhuphuka okukhulu kule ngxenye yonyaka. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, bakwazile ukwephula izindawo zokumelana ezibaluleke kakhulu ngakho-ke bavule amathuba amasha okungena ezikhundleni zabo ukwenza ukonga okunenzuzo. Ngokukhethekile, igolide liyakhuphuka lisuka enhlanganweni egubuzelayo ebonakala ngathi ikhombisa ukuthi kusekude phambili ukufeza amazinga entengo afuna ukwedlula manje. Kufike ezingeni lokusondela endaweni eyi-1.800 engasebenza njengokumelana.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiliva liphukile laya phezulu ngemuva kokunqoba ukulungiswa elikubhalise ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuba ngenye yezimpahla zezezimali ezithandeka kakhulu ukuba nohambo olukhulu lokukhuphuka ngenxa yengcindezi yokuthenga ephezulu eyeqe amazinga eminyaka yamuva. Endaweni lapho ithathwa njengensimbi eyigugu engakhangi kakhulu yokutshalwa kwezimali ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kepha ukuthi inamandla aphezulu ngokulinganayo okubuyekeza futhi angafika kumazinga afinyelela kuma-26% esimweni esibi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuphikiswa ngaphambili njengesikhuthazo sokuthatha izikhundla kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu zalezi zimpahla zezimali ezifanele kakhulu sivela eqinisweni ukuthi zithathwa njengezindawo zokuphepha ngezikhathi zokungazinzi okukhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Ngakho-ke, zingasetshenziselwa ukuzama ukunyakaza okusheshayo kakhulu futhi zithole inzuzo enkulu yemali ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuxhumana nomhlaba wemali. Njengaseqinisweni ukuthi ngokomlando, igolide lidlale indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezizwe eziningi. Yize kungaselona uhlobo oluyinhloko lwemali, igolide liseyimali eqinile, yesikhathi eside. Ngohlobo oluchazwe kahle lwephrofayili yabatshalizimali, lapho abatshalizimali abanolwazi oluqinile ngezimakethe zezimali bakhona.
Igolide: gijima inkunzi
Kuleli qophelo, akekho ongabaza ukuthambekela okuphezulu ngensimbi ephuzi nokuthi konke kubonakala kukhombisa ukuthi kuzoya emazingeni adinga kakhulu kunalawo akhonjisiwe kuze kube manje. Lapho kudingeka khona ukukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kungukutshalwa kwemali okungavumeleka engxenyeni enhle yalo nyaka. Hhayi unomphela, okungukuthi, esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside ngoba inganikeza isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu engxenyeni enkulu yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngoba kungekudala noma nini kufanele kube nokulungiswa kwamanani abo nokuthi kungaba yizinga eliqondile lokushiya izikhundla kule nsimbi eyigugu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lezi zimpahla zezezimali zihamba ngamapharamitha ahlukile kunalawo ezimakethe zendabuko zamasheya. Ngomqondo wokuthi zibuswa eminye imithetho abasindisi abangenakulungela ukuyilandela ngokujwayelekile. Le yinkinga enkulu ngokuthatha izikhundla ngegolide nangesiliva ngalezi zikhathi eziqondile ngoba ingakhiqiza izimo ezingafuneki esikhathini esithile sonyaka. Ngoba akunakushaywa indiva ukuthi zombili izimpahla ziguquguquka kakhulu futhi zibonisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezintengo zazo eziphakeme nezincane kuseshini efanayo yokuhweba.
Ungasizakala kanjani ngalo mkhuba?
Ungalithenga kanjani igolide? Ziningi izindlela zokuthenga igolide. Imikhiqizo ehlukene ingasetshenziselwa ukufeza izinhloso ezahlukahlukene zokutshala imali. Abatshalizimali kufanele bacabangele izinketho ezitholakalayo ezimakethe zabo, indlela yokutshala imali efanele izimo zabo, kanye nohlobo lweseluleko sochwepheshe abazodinga.
Ukunquma ukuthi uzolitshala kanjani igolide kufaka phakathi ukuhlola imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokutshala imali ehlobene negolide Imikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene yokutshalwa kwemali ehlobene negolide, konke okunobungozi obuhlukile futhi kubuyisa amaphrofayili, izici zokukhokha kanye nemali ekhokhwayo. Imvamisa, isu lokwabiwa kwempahla lizobheka izimbuyiselo zesikhathi eside uma liqhathaniswa nembuyiselo yesikhathi esimaphakathi, nokuthi imikhiqizo yokutshalwa kwegolide isebenza kanjani ngokuhlangana okuhle noma okubi nezinye izimpahla.
Ama-bullion amancane nezinhlamvu zemali kwaba cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesidingo sonyaka sokutshalwa kwezimali segolide kanye nekota yesidingo somhlaba jikelele segolide kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Isidingo semigoqo nezinhlamvu zemali sesiphindaphindeke kane kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, kanti lo mkhuba ubheka eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Sekusungulwe izimakethe ezintsha, ezifana neChina, futhi izimakethe ezindala, njenge Europe, sezibuye zavela.
Izimali ezithengiswa ngokushintshaniswa ngegolide ezisetshenziswayo (i-ETFs), izimpahla ezithengiswa ngokushintshaniswa (ama-ETC), kanye nezimali ezifanayo zifaka cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zokufunwa kwegolide lokutshala imali. Lezi zimali zethulwe okokuqala ngo-2003 futhi, kusukela ngoMashi 2016, ngokuhlanganyela ziphethe amathani angama-2.300 egolide elibonakalayo egameni labatshalizimali emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinzuzo zegolide njengokutshalwa kwemali
Yize kungaselona uhlobo oluyinhloko lwemali emazweni athuthukile, igolide lisengutshalomali oludumile ngezizathu eziningi.
Uketshezi. Igolide lingaguqulwa kalula libe ukheshi noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kwemali yangempela, ukwenziwa kwempahla yegolide nokuyinto yonke akunakuqhathaniswa.
Igcina inani layo. Igolide livame ukugcina inani lalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izazi zezomnotho zithi ngisho nentengo yegolide ayikhombisi ukubaluleka kwayo. Lokho wukuthi, noma intengo yehla, inani eliyisisekelo legolide alishintshi kakhulu. Lokhu kudalwa kakhulu ukuthi kunenani elinqunyelwe legolide ngenxa yokuthi liyimpahla, kuyilapho idola laseMelika, eliwuhlobo lwemali ye-fiat, lingenalo inani lemvelo.
Ukuzimela ngokumelene ne-inflation. Igolide lenyuka ngenani lapho ukwehla kwamandla emali kubamba. Njengoba igolide lithengiswa ngamadola aseMelika, noma ikuphi ukwehla kwedola kuzoholela enanini eliphakeme legolide. Ngenxa yalokho, ngezikhathi zokwehla kwamandla emali, igolide linikezela ngotshalo oluzinzile kakhulu kunokheshi.
Ukuhlukahluka. Ukungeza amasheya ahlukile kuphothifoliyo yakho kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwehlukanisa nokunciphisa ubungozi jikelele bokutshala kwakho imali. Futhi, njengoba igolide livame ukuya kolunye uhlangothi kumakethe yamasheya kanye namanani wemali, linikeza uhlobo olusebenzayo lokuhlukahluka.
Ukutshalwa kwemali okufiswa umhlaba wonke. Igolide lihlala liyimpahla yonke. Yize amazwe ethengisa ikusasa lawo lwemali, amagugu nokunye okuphepha emhlabeni jikelele, ngokungafani negolide, angaphansi kwezinxushunxushu zezepolitiki.
Igolide lisetshenziswa njengokufaka emikhiqizweni. Njengoba igolide lisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, njengobucwebe kanye ne-elekthronikhi, kunesidingo esithembekile esiqinisa intengo yegolide. Futhi, ngezikhathi zokufunwa okwengeziwe, lezi zimakethe zingaphoqa ukuthi intengo yegolide inyuke.
Ububi bokutshala imali ngegolide
Ngenkathi igolide lingaba wutshalomali olukhulu ngenxa yezizathu eziningi okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla, cabanga ukwehla ngaphambi kokutshala imali:
Igolide alilethi imali engenayo. Olunye utshalomali olufana namasheya namabhondi kungathola ingxenye yenani lalo emalini engenayo engenayo ngendlela yenzalo nezabelo. Kodwa-ke, okuwukuphela kwembuyiselo ongayithola ngegolide kulapho inani landa futhi unquma ukulithengisa.
Igolide lingakha i-bubble. Emnothweni onezinxushunxushu, abantu abaningi baqala ukutshala imali ngegolide, kepha lapho abatshalizimali beqala ukwethuka, igolide lingabhekwa ngokweqile. Lokhu-ke kusho ukuthi utshalomali lwakho lungalahlekelwa yinani uma intengo isilungile.
Udinga isitoreji somzimba esivikelekile. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga igolide langempela, kuzodingeka ukuthi uligcine kuphela, kepha kuzofanele futhi ulivikele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke ukwazi ukuyisusa uma yonakele noma intshontshiwe.
Amanani entela etholakalayo ayizimali ezinkulu ezitshalweni eziningi zegolide. Njengoba igolide libhekwa njengento yomqoqi e-United States, inani lentela ethola imali engama-28%, eliphakeme kakhulu kunezinga elijwayelekile lokuzuza kwemali engu-15%. Lokho kusho ukuthi, izinkampani zezimayini ezingatshali igolide ngqo zisakhokhiswa intela ngezinga elijwayelekile.
Ukwanda kwenani legolide kuqondana nokwehliswa kwemali yakhona. Izazi eziningi zezomnotho zithi igolide lenyuka kuphela ngenani lapho idola lehliswa noma ukwehla kwamandla emali kunamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi igolide alinikezi izimbuyiselo ezanele kwezinye izimakethe.
Ungatshala nini ngegolide
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala imali ngegolide kulindeleke ukuthi lapho ukwehla kwamandla emali kulindeleke ukuthi kubambe futhi kwehlise inani lemali kazwelonke. Ngokushesha la mathonsi abonakala, lapho kufanele ube negumbi eliningi lokwenza inzuzo. Izinkomba eziholayo, njengokuphahlazeka kwemakethe yamasheya nezinxushunxushu zezepolitiki, kungakhombisa ukwehla kwemali yakusasa yezwe lakho. Izimemezelo zebhange lokugcina ukuphrinta imali ethe xaxa yendawo nayo ingakhombisa isikhathi esihle sokutshala imali ngegolide.
Lapho imali yendawo inamandla, futhi ukwehla kwamandla emali kungalindelekile, ayikho indawo eningi yokuthi intengo yegolide inyuke. Lokho kusho, uma kulindeleke ukuthi kudingeke kusuka ezimakethe ezidinga igolide, njengobucwebe ne-elekthronikhi, cabanga ngokutshala imali kwigolide ukuze uzuze ekucindezelweni kwentengo okungahle kube khona.
Kodwa-ke, empeleni, isu lokuthenga nelokubamba lokugcina lingaba ngcono kumtshalizimali ojwayelekile ngegolide. Njengoba ezomnotho zivame ukuba ngumjikelezo, thenga lapho inani legolide liphansi, noma ngabe izwe lakho okwamanje linenkathi yezinxushunxushu noma ucabanga ukuthi libheke kulowo. Ngale ndlela, awudingi ukukhathazeka ngokuthenga lapho wonke umuntu ethenga futhi enyusa intengo.
Yimaphi amaphesenti wephothifoliyo okufanele enzelwe igolide?
Awukho umthetho obekiwe wokuthi ufuna ukuba negolide elingakanani esikhwameni sakho semali. Lokhu kuzoya ngokuthi uzizwa kanjani emakethe, ukuthi unethezeke kangakanani ngokuguquguquka, kanye nezidingo zakho jikelele zezezimali nomugqa wesikhathi.
Ngoba igolide lingelinye lokutshalwa kwezimali okumbalwa elisebenza kahle emakethe yebhere, cabanga ukuthi ngabe uzizwa une-bearish noma une-bullish, bese ulisebenzisa ukwenza iphothifoliyo enobudlova, egcwele isitoko. Ekugcineni, kufanele usebenzise amasu afanayo okuphatha iphothifoliyo wokwaba igolide njengokuthenga olunye utshalomali.
Ungatshala kanjani ngegolide
Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokutshala imali ngegolide:
Thenga igolide ngqo. Ungathenga igolide ngqo ngesimo semigoqo noma zemali. Ngemuva kwalokho usala negolide eliningi, elingathengiswa kamuva. Kungazwakala kukuhle ukuthi uphethe igolide, kepha kufanele uliqaphele. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi kuzodingeka ukhokhe ukuze ube nomshwalense noma ugcinwe.
Thenga amasheya enkampanini yegolide. Ungathenga futhi amasheya enkampanini ekhiqiza igolide. Inani lamasheya lizohlanganiswa kakhulu nenani legolide uqobo. Ungathola futhi izabelo kumasheya akho.
Ikusasa nezinketho ngegolide. Ungatshala igolide ngokusebenzisa okuphuma kwezezimali okukhethekile ekutshalweni kwegolide njengokhetho nokubeka izinketho. Inketho yokushaya ucingo ifanele uma ulindele ukuthi inani legolide likhuphuke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungathenga inketho yokubeka uma ulindele ukuthi intengo yegolide yehle. Njengeminye imikhiqizo, ikusasa legolide nezinketho kuyingozi; unethuba lokuthola inzuzo ephezulu noma uzolahlekelwa kakhulu.
Faka imali ku-ETF yegolide. I-ETF yegolide yisikhwama esihwebelana ngokushintshisana esikhethekile ekutshaleni imali ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zegolide. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho ngezinga elithile. Ama-ETF amabili egolide athandwayo emakethe yi-StreetTRACKS Gold Trust kanye ne-iShares COMEX Gold Trust.
Igolide lingaba utshalomali olunenzuzo lapho bonke abanye behluleka. Uma ukhathazekile ngokwehla kwamandla emali noma ukwehla kwemali yezwe lakho, ungahle uthande ukufaka igolide kuphothifoliyo yakho. Ngalokho kusho, qonda kahle utshalomali oluthile lwegolide olucabangayo ngaphambi kokutshala imali. Isibonelo, kuzokubiza malini ukugcina nokuqinisekisa igolide elibonakalayo? Yimuphi umehluko wentela wesigaba sakho sentela engenayo phakathi kokutshala imali ku-ETF yegolide noma i-ETF yezimayini zegolide? Ukwazi imininingwane kungenza umehluko omkhulu uma kukhulunywa ngenzuzo.
Njengoba kungaba yisilingo sokuthenga igolide eliningi emnothweni odonsa kanzima, zama ukungathatheki. Kukhona amabhamuza egolide, futhi ukugwema ukuvezwa ngokweqile kunoma iliphi ikilasi lamafa, uhlala ufuna ukugcina iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene.
Igolide ingaba yindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho. Kuyivelakancane uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi inani laso ngokuvamile alihambisani nezinye izimpahla ezinjengamasheya noma impahla. KwaMoneyWeek, besilokhu sisho njalo ukuthi igolide linikeza umshuwalense wephothifoliyo yakho, futhi sikholwa ukuthi abantu abaningi kumele babele cishe ama-5% -15% wamaphothifoliyo abo kutshalo-mali lwegolide noma lwegolide. Ngakho-ke umbuzo wokulandela uthi: kufanele utshale kanjani igolide?
Tshala imali ngegolide elibonakalayo
Igolide elibonakalayo likufanele ukugcinwa ngoba liyimali ephelele yomhlaba wonke, ebanjwe amabhange amaningi aphakathi nendawo. Ngendlela efanayo lapho ikhaya lomndeni kungafanele lithathwe njengotshalo-mali, imigoqo yegolide ayisiyo utshalomali ngalunye, kepha kunalokho iyindlela yokonga usuku lwemvula noma umshuwalense wezezimali. Akufanele uhwebe igolide lakho. Ngeke uthengise inqubomgomo yomshuwalense, ngakho-ke ungathengisi igolide lakho.
Igolide liyindlela enhle yokuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwengcebo nokudlulisa ingcebo isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye. Lapho usunayo i-bullion yegolide kuphothifoliyo yakho, khona-ke okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali okufana nezitoko zezimayini, izimali ezihlanganyelweyo, kanye nolunye utshalomali lwegolide olucabangelayo kungabhekwa.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungayithenga kuphi imigoqo yegolide, qhubeka ufunde lapha
Imigoqo yanamuhla yegolide nezinhlamvu zemali
Izinhlamvu zemali zesimanjemanje zegolide zivumela abatshalizimali ukuba babe nethenda elisemthethweni legolide lokutshala imali nge-premium encane ngenani lentengo legolide njengoba lithengiswa ezimakethe. Inani lezinhlamvu zemali nemigoqo kunqunywa cishe ngentengo yegolide, ngakho-ke ilandela intengo ye-bullion.