Waziwa kubo bonke abatshalizimali njengoSuper Mario futhi obenesisindo esikhulu ekuguqukeni kwezimakethe zokulingana eminyakeni yamuva. Umphathi wezezimali wase-Italy uzothathelwa isikhundla njengenhloko ye-ECB ngumphathi wangaphambili we-IMF I-Chistine lagarde. Ekuxoshweni kwakhe esikhundleni, ubhekise ekuphatheni kwakhe inhlangano yomphakathi iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ngasikhathi sinye lapho egcizelele isidingo samazwe omphakathi ukuze ajulise izinguquko zezimali ukuze aphume enkingeni yezomnotho eqhubekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSuper Mario izongena emlandweni ngokuba nesibopho sokunciphisa amanani alandelanayo nezinyathelo zokuthenga izimpahla ezingajwayelekile zokuzama ukuvuselela umnotho kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali kwebhulogi lwemali elilodwa. Futhi lokho kube nomphumela wokubuyekezwa kabusha ezimakethe zokulingana endaweni yomphakathi. Ngaphandle kobuthakathaka obukhonjiswe eminyakeni emibili edlule, imikhawulo yenzuzo emalini iye yehla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kumasheya emikhakha yamabhange.
Ngalo mqondo, kwanele ukukhumbula lokho lapho uMario UDraghi uthathe izinyathelo eziqinile futhi uhlelo lwe-stimulus eselishiwo ngaphambili luphelelwe yisikhathi la Umnotho we-Eurozone wancipha futhi. Lokhu kwenzeke ekupheleni konyaka odlule kanti-ke akakwazanga ukukhuphula inzalo njengoba ebefuna. Kuze kube sekupheleni, kuye kwadingeka amemezele uhlelo olusha lokukhuthaza oluzokwenziwa emasontweni azayo, futhi anciphise inani lediphozi ukuze aqukethe imiphumela yalokhu kudodobala komnotho okusha okusemnyango wabancane nabaphakathi abatshalizimali.
Izinyathelo zeDraghi: izaphulelo kumanani
Akungabazeki ukuthi uzongena emlandweni njengomuntu obhekene nokwenza lesi silinganiso esingazange sibe nomlando emlandweni wamazwe aseYurophu. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele sikhumbule ikakhulukazi ukuthi njengamanje amazinga wenzalo asekhona isimo esingesihle nokuthi bacabanga ukuthi okokuqala emlandweni ifakiwe emazingeni aphansi kangako. Okusho ukuthi, inani lemali okwamanje alisebenzi nhlobo ngakho konke lokhu okuvezwa yilesi simo sezimali.
Le nto ilimaze kakhulu izisindisi ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo yasebhange yethemu ayikhiqizi kangako u-0,5%. Njengamanothi ezethembiso zebhange noma amadiphozi wesikhathi esimisiwe angaqashisi mali kubanikazi balezi zinhlobo zokonga eziyisisekelo kunoma yikuphi ukunikezwa kwebhange. Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, abatshalizimali bebengabazuzi abakhulu balesi silinganiso njengoba kutholakala imali eningi emisebenzini eyenziwa ezimakethe zezimali. Kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi amasheya emhlabeni wonke akhombise ukuzuza okukhulu eminyakeni edlule. Ngokuqondile, phakathi kuka-2012 no-2017 ngenzuzo emaphakathi nonyaka engu-7%.
Gcina i-euro
UMario Draghi, impela, wayebuye abe ngumakhi wezakhiwo konga i-euro ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kunqubomgomo yemali yendawo ye-euro. Ngalo mqondo, isilinganiso sakhe sokuqala segunya lakhe kwakuwuhlelo Izimali eziqondile (i-OMT) lokho kwavumela ukuthengwa kwamabhondi azimele ukuvumela ukuthi ohulumeni bamazwe ababecele usizo nge-European Stability Fund bangaxhaswa ngezimali. Lolu hlelo lusiza ekugcineni ukuthi amabhondi angawi ezimakethe zezimali, njengoba konke bekubonakala kukhombisa eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule.
Akumangalisi ukuthi uyohlale ekhunjulwa ngomgomo wakhe wokugcina i-euro iphephile ezingozini zemakethe. Futhi ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane ukufezekisile lokhu eminyakeni lapho isikhundla sakhe somzimba olawulayo waseYurophu sigcine khona. Ingxenye enhle yezindlela zabo zokupheka kwezomnotho iqondiswe kuleli su emnothweni womphakathi, naphezu kokugxekwa abanye babalamuli bezezimali. Kunoma ikuphi, yile ngxenye yezinqubomgomo zabo ezongena emlandweni we-European Union (EU). Ukugcina ukuguquguquka kwemali kwehlukile kunalokho kwegama laso e-United States. Ngemiphumela okusobala ukuthi yehlukile kwezinye izindlela.
Ngokusimama komnotho
Akungabazeki ukuthi enye impumelelo yakhe enkulu kube ekuzuzeni ifa ibhange eliphakathi lithonywe indlela yokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe ngama-80s nama-90s futhi ikulethe eduze nemodeli yeFed e-United States. Yize kunenqubomgomo eyehlukile maqondana namazinga wenzalo futhi lokho kube ngumphumela wokugxekwa abanye babahlaziyi bezezimali. Ngalo mqondo, bekuyingxenye ebalulekile ukuze umnotho ezwenikazi elidala ukhuphuke ukundiza kwawo kusukela cishe ngonyaka wezi-2012. Kuholela ekukhuleni okuhle kakhulu emnothweni wamazwe ase-European Union. Ngokwanda kwe-GDP phakathi kuka-1,9% no-4% ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho eYurophu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngeke sikhohlwe ukuthi uMario Draghi ube ngumlingisi obekufanele abhekane nengxenye yokugcina yenkinga enkulu yezomnotho eyavela ngo-2008. Kufike ezingeni lokuthatha izinqumo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi kwagxekwa kakhulu kwamanye amazinga omnotho. . Kanye nokuba ngumgqugquzeli wokuthatha ithuba elibalulekile endleleni yokuqonda inqubomgomo yemali ku-ECB. Yize kulokhu kudingeke ukuthi kulimaze izintshisekelo zabasindisi baseYurophu. Kumongo ojwayelekile obonakaliswe njengamaqiniso ukuthi uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuwo wonke amaphuzu wokubuka.
Ubhekele izinguquko
Ochwepheshe bohlelo bamchaze njengomuntu obaluleke ngokukhethekile ngekusasa lendawo ye-euro. Ngokuvuma ukuthi "uMario Draghi uzokhunjulwa njengesazi sezomnotho esikhulu, umlandeli omkhulu wase-Europe nomlando omkhulu wase-Italy." Kepha futhi nochungechunge lwabaphikisayo kunqubomgomo yakhe yezimali ebanzi, ikakhulukazi evela emibuthanweni ejwayelekile kakhulu evela eJalimane, futhi ikakhulukazi evela kwimvelo yoshansela wakhe, Angela Merkel. Yize kwenziwa izinguquko ezibuhlungu kepha zesakhiwo, njengoba kwamukelwa ngabahlaziyi abathile abafanele bezimakethe zezimali. Kunoma ikuphi, ubengeyena umlingisi ongabonakali. Hhayi kancane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isazi sezomnotho sase-Italy ekugcineni sibe nesibopho sezimakethe zezimali njengoba sigcine isimo sinyuka futhi kuze kube muva nje. Ngubani ongakhumbuli ukungenelela kwakhe ngoLwesine nokuthi yini eholele ekutheni amabhola ase-Europe anyuke kakhulu ekupheleni kweseshini yokuhweba. Ngokwazisa ngamanani aphakathi kuka-2% no-3% futhi lokho kwaqala ngokuthi kwaziwa kakhulu ngegama leSuper Mario. Ngomlingo owagcwalisa amazwi akhe ezimakethe zezimali. Ngale ndlela, kuzohlala kukhunjulwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ngoba abanye babo bakwazile ukwenza inzuzo enkulu yezimali ngesikhathi sabo.
Izinyathelo zokuqala zokuphumula
Vele, enye yezimpumelelo zakhe ezinkulu ngokungangabazeki kube yizinyathelo zokuqala zokunciphisa ubuningi - the QE- kanye nezinye izinyathelo ezehlukile zethulwe emakethe. Ezikhathini eziningi imvelaphi yokuvuka okukhulu izimakethe zezimali ezihlangabezane nazo kulesi sikhathi esinzima kakhulu e-European Union. Ngokwalokhu kubukwa kungashiwo ukuthi bayesaba ukwenza iphutha ngokuthi ukusebenza kukaMario Draghi kube kuhle kakhulu kubo bonke abatshalizimali, kanti kunalokho kube kubi ngabasindisi. Lokho wukuthi, kubasebenzisi abafuna ukwenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo kumadiphozi asebhange wesikhathi esimisiwe, isikweletu somphakathi neminye imikhiqizo yezimali enezici ezifanayo.
Yize isinqumo sezenzo zalo mlingiswa e-EU kuzodingeka sikhishwe lapho sekudlule iminyaka embalwa. Ikakhulu, uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngenkinga yezomnotho esivele ikhona emakhaya ezakhamizi zase-Europe. Yize kulo mcimbi, umNtaliyane engeke esaba khona ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela imiphumela yayo. Nabalandeli bakhe kanye nabasolwa bakhe. Kunoma yimaphi amacala, akukho kungabaza ukuthi uyahamba ngalesi sikhathi njengoba ibhange lokuqala elingakwazi ukukhuphula amanani kulo lonke isikhathi sakhe, kepha futhi njengomakhi wenkulumo kuvimbele ukuwa kwendawo ye-euro. Into azokhunjulwa ngayo isikhathi eside.
Ngesikhathi esondela kakhulu emnothweni wale ndawo ebalulekile yezomnotho. Ngokuphathelene nenkomba ekhethiwe yezimali zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, iyishiya emazingeni aphakathi kwamaphoyinti angama-9.000 no-9.400. Amaphesenti okuthi, ngaphandle kokuvelela, kumele abekwe ezingeni elifanele ngokulingene ukuze kuzuze abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngazo zonke izehlakalo imakethe yamasheya obekufanele idlule kuzona, hhayi ezezwe kuphela kepha nezalawo mazwe asondelene kakhulu nathi. Njengengxenye yefa lalo mlingiswa.