Isikhwama Sesiqinisekiso Sediphozithi (i-FGD) singukushintshaniswa kokonga lapho izikhungo zezezimali kufanele zikhokhele ukulahleka kwababeka imali ukukhokha izikweletu kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano. Kepha azisebenzi kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yezezimali, kude nayo. Ayitholakali ngokutshalwa kwezimali emalini ngayo yonke imikhiqizo yayo: ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya, izimali zokutshala izimali, izincwadi ezigunyazayo noma okunye kwalolu hlobo. Enye into ehluke kakhulu maqondana namamodeli aqhamuka emholweni ohleliwe. Lapho izimo zingafani njengakulindelekile ngabasindisi.
Yebo, kulesi sigaba semikhiqizo ehloselwe ukonga, kuphela kwifayili ye- idiphozi ne-akhawunti yokonga, Izimali Eziqinisekisiwe Zediphozithi zivunyelwe. Ezimweni lapho kwenzeka ukuqothuka noma ukunyamalala kwebhizinisi lediphozithi, okusho ukuthi, kwebhange lapho kugcinwa khona imali. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuvikela ebesisebenza kusukela ngo-2011 ngenhloso yokulondoloza amakhasimende emathubeni okuthi lesi simo esingesihle sezintshisekelo zabo siqu singakhula.
Noma kunjalo, kunemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Ngoba empeleni, inomkhawulo omkhulu we- kufika kuma-euro angama-100.000 ngumnikazi kanye nokufaka noma ukufaka i-akhawunti. Ukuze ngale ndlela, uma ukuqothuka noma ukunyamalala kwebhange noma isikhungo sezezimali kwenzeka, ungabuyisa imali oyongele kuze kube yimikhawulo ebekiwe. Njengomphumela walesi silinganiso se- ukuvikelwaKunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungabhalisi i-akhawunti yentela noma yokonga isikhathi semali engaphezu kwama-euro ayi-100.000. Ngoba wonke amanani adlula lesi sibalo uzolahlekelwa ngaphandle kwezinye zezimo ezibekwe ngaphezulu.
Isiqinisekiso sokonga
Abagcini bamasheya, ngale ndlela, phambi kwabo banendlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuze bangalahlekelwa yimali abayongile, njengoba kwenzeka kwaze kwaba ngu-2010. Lapho ubungakhona. ulahlekelwe yiyo yonke imali ukonga ngokusebenzisa imali yesikhathi noma ama-akhawunti emali engenayo ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhawulo wama-euro ayi-100.000 uzuzisa kakhulu abasindisi ngoba le minikelo yezomnotho ayidlulwa kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi yisikhwama sokonga esingatholakali kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Uma kungenzeki kuphela ukutholakala kwabambalwa abanelungelo. Ngamandla okuthenga aphakeme kakhulu atholakala kumholo womndeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhiqizo ofana kakhulu namadiphozi afana ne- amanothi ezethembiso zebhange Ukhululiwe kulesi silinganiso sokuvikela. Lokho wukuthi, uma ibhange lapho ongene khona kumkhiqizo wezezimali lihluleka, empeleni ungalahlekelwa yiyo yonke imali oyongile. Inani obhalisele ngalo le modeli yokonga alisho lutho. Ngakho-ke, kungenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zalo mkhiqizo. Ngalo mqondo, kungakuhle kakhulu ukuthi ukhethe ama-term deposits. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba uzoba nemali ephephe kakhulu, okungenani kuze kufike kuma-euro ayi-100.000 asevele ashiwo.
Azisebenzi kwizimali
Ngokuphambene nalokho, iSikhwama Sesiqinisekiso Sediphozithi asisebenzi kunoma yimiphi imikhiqizo etholakele etholakala ngokuthola imali. Hhayi kuphela ekutshalweni kwemali ngqo emakethe yamasheya, kodwa kuzo zonke. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi nazo kufaka phakathi zonke izimali zokutshala imali, kufaka phakathi leyo yemali engenayo engaguquki noma yemali. Ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo futhi lokho kukwenza uvezwe kakhudlwana kulolu hlobo lwengozi kubhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho yokubheka. Kuyisici okuzodingeka ujwayele ukusukela manje. Ukugwema izimo ezingafuneki kuwe, ngoba kungakudla imali eningi kakhulu kunalokho obucabanga ekuqaleni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Izimali Zesiqinisekiso Sediphozithi azisetshenziswanga kokutholakele, ikusasa noma utshalomali kwezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Kunoma ikuphi, futhi maqondana nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya, kufanele ukhumbule okunye okucatshangwayo mayelana nokulahleka ongakuthola uma inkampani efakwe ohlwini ibhuntsha noma iyeka ukufakwa kuhlu ezimakethe zezimali. Ngoba imiphumela yayo izobulala kakhulu ngokuya ngebhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba uzolahlekelwa yiyo yonke iminikelo yezezimali ithuthukiswe ekutshalweni kwemali. Ngenqubo ezohlaziywa ukuze ukwazi ukuyicabanga kusukela kulezi zikhathi eziqondile.
Ukumiswa kohlu emakethe yamasheya
Izinkampani ezibalulwe kumasheya futhi ziyoqothuka zimiswa ngokushesha ekuhwebeni yinkampani. Ikhomishini Yemakethe Yamasheya Kazwelonke (CNMV). Leli qiniso lenkampani linemiphumela emibili eyisisekelo ezikhundleni zakho. Ngendlela ethile eyisimo sesikhashana futhi baqala ukulinganisa kwabo ezimakethe zezimali ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokukhiqiza lesi simo esesatshwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Yebo, kulokhu kuphela ukuthi kuzohlala kuyisixazululo ukufika kwalo mzuzu obukade ulindelwe. Ngoba uma nje lokhu kungenzeki, ukutshalwa kwemali kwakho ngeke kusize ngalutho, okusho ukuthi zero.
Amasheya akho azobuyela emuva ekuhwebeni lapho ukuvinjelwa kumisiwe yizindikimba ezilawulayo. Kepha ngokubikezela ngaphansi kwesaphulelo esibalulekile kuzintengo zabo. Ngakho-ke kuzokuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthola intengo yokuthenga, uma kutholakala ekupheleni kosuku. Lokhu yilokhu okwenzekile muva nje ngezinye izibambiso zemakethe eqhubekayo yaseSpain, njengokuthi USniace. Lapho amasheya alo abuyele ekuhwebeni ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana esimweni sokungasebenzi. Lapho ungeke uthengise amasheya akho, ngaphandle kwesimo esithile njengaleso esizokudalula kuso ngokulandelayo.
Iya ezimakethe zesibili
Okuwukuphela kwendlela ongathola ngayo imali yempahla ngokuya emakethe yesibili. Yilapho ungathengisa khona izikhundla ezivulekile emakethe yamasheya. Kepha phansi izindleko ziphansi kakhulu ukwedlula leyo emakwe kwisilinganiso sakho sokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke kuqiniseke ukuthi ungakwenza ukuthengisa kube semthethweni ngenxa yokushoda okukhulu kwabafakizicelo. Hhayi ngeze, ngalesi sikhathi inani lotshalo-mali lwakho ngeke lisasebenza. Noma kunjalo, ukuphela kwendlela ongalahlekelwa yiyo yonke imali oyitshalile. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, kuzoba yingxenye kuphela, yize kubaluleke kakhulu enanini lomsebenzi.
Ezinye zezingqinamba ezinkulu zale nhlangano ukuthi noma amasheya akho engekho ohlwini lwezimakethe zezimali, ibhange lakho lizokukhokhisa imali ethile. ikhomishini yesondlo minyaka yonke. Ngezindleko ezingekho phezulu ngokweqile, kepha lokho kuzomela inkinga enkulu kuzintshisekelo zakho ezithile. Ngokukhishwa okuphakathi kwama-euro ayisi-5 kuya kwangama-20 minyaka yonke, kuya ngenhloko yemali etshaliwe. Ngethuba elincane lokuphuma kule nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi obhekene nayo njengamanje. Ungakukhohlwa kusukela manje kuqhubeke ngoba kungenzeka nakuwe uma ukuqothuka okubalwe ohlwini noma kungena njengongenamali.
Ukumiswa okwesikhashana ohlwini
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma kwenzeka lesi simo esikhetheke kakhulu, uzoba nethuba elincane lokuthola ingxenye yemali yakho. Ngalokhu, awunakuzikhethela ngaphandle kokulinda isikhathi esingabambezeleka ngaso iminyaka eyeqile ngaphandle kokuthi ukwazi ukulahla amasheya akho ezinkampanini ezisohlwini oluthintekile. Inqubo ezoqina njengoba iminikelo yakho yezezimali iba nzima kakhulu. Ukuthi ingakhiqiza inkinga engaphezu kweyodwa ezokulahlekisela umzamo omkhulu ukuphuma kuyo. Kuyinto okungafanele uyikhohlwe uma uzotshala izimakethe zezimali,
Kunoma ikuphi, labo abadlule kule nqubo yokumiswa kohlu akuwona amacala ahlukile. Cishe amanani ayisithupha noma ayisikhombisa adlule kule trance ngokungangabazeki konakalise amakhulu namakhulu wabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kusukela manje uzokwazi ukuthi yini engenzeka kuwe uma inkampani lapho utshala khona imali ibandakanyeka kule micimbi yenkampani ebaluleke ngokukhethekile kubo bonke abatshali bezimali jikelele.
Izinkampani zimisiwe emakethe yamasheya
Ngalo mqondo, elinye lamacala okugcina kwaba lelo le- Ubuchwepheshe be-Gowex okushiye abaninimasheya bengenamali, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiningi. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwenkampani ibilokhu ikhuphuka yenyuka ezimakethe zezimali. Kuze kufinyelele emazingeni adonse ukunakekela kwabasebenzeli bezezimali abaphethe ukuqapha ukwenziwa kwentengo yayo. Ngomphumela wokugcina sonke esivele siwazi, ngeshwa kubatshalizimali ababebhajwe ezenzweni zabo. Akumangalisi ukuthi balahlekelwe imali yabo ngendlela eqondile.
Amanye amacala aziwa yibo bonke kube lawo kaMartinsa Fadesa, Renta Corporativa, Sniace nasePascanova ethile. Zonke izexwayiso zamatilosi mayelana nobungozi bokutshala imali ezinkampanini ezinganconyelwe abatshalizimali abangazenza. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okwenzeke muva nje kubatshalizimali beBanco Popular ngemuva kokumunca kwabo yiSantander. Futhi lelo bekuyicala elibucayi kakhulu kuze kube manje kwizimali zamanani zaseSpain. Lapho bekukhona inani elihle labatshalizimali abathengisa.