Enye yezinhloso ezifiseleka kakhulu kubasebenzisi bamabhange ukuqeda ingxenye enkulu yezindleko ezithintekayo ekuqashweni kwe-akhawunti yokonga. Kokubili maqondana namakhomishini alo nokunye ukukhokhelwa kukhiqizwa ukuphathwa nokugcinwa kwayo. Izindaba ezimnandi kwabaphethe zona ukuthi kusukela ngoJulayi 2, izikhungo ezikweletisa imali ngeke zikwazi ukukhokhisa ngaphezulu kwama-euro ama-3 ngenyanga kumakhomishini we-akhawunti eyisisekelo.
Lesi silinganiso, esivele sikhonjisiwe kwiGazethi Kahulumeni Esemthethweni (BOE), sizovumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bonge minyaka yonke cishe i-100 ne-150 euros yale ndleko. Kodwa-ke, iBhange laseSpain lingabuyekeza amakhomishini aphezulu abekiwe njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ngakho-ke akunakuphikwa ukuthi ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi esifushane inani lingakhuphuka kancane. Ungalokothi ube ngaphansi kwamanani okuhlukumeza njengoba bekulokhu kwenzeka kuze kube manje.
Ngezikhathi ezifana nalezi zamanje lapho amabhange ethola inzuzo ephansi ngenxa yokwehla kwenzalo yemalimboleko. Ngoba intengo yemali isezingeni layo eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni wayo, ikakhulukazi ku-0%. Njengecebo le-European Central Bank (ECB) lokukhuthaza umnotho wezwe ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-euro. Futhi lokho sekuholele kumanani entengo emabhange ezimakethe zezimali nawo ehlele emazingeni aphansi kakhulu. Kwanele ukukhumbula ukuthi kulezi zikhathi izenzo ze BBVA basondele kakhulu kuma-euro angama-4, lapho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule babezungeze ama-euro ayisi-6 noma ama-7 ngesabelo ngasinye.
Ukukhululwa kumakhomishini ama-akhawunti
Kunoma ikuphi, bekulokhu kungalindelwe ukusetshenziswa kwalesi silinganiso ukuze abanikazi balo mkhiqizo wasebhange bakwazi ukuqeda izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcinweni kwawo. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ingxenye enhle yokunikezwa ibinikelwa mahhala, yize kufanele kubhekwane nochungechunge lwezidingo eziyisisekelo. Njengalezi esiziveza ngezansi:
Yakha ukwethembeka kwamakhasimende: ngedebhithi eqondile yeholo labo noma imali engenayo ejwayelekile esimweni sabasebenzi abaziqashile.
Ukubanjwa kokonga: ngenkontileka yeminye imikhiqizo yezezimali futhi okubandakanya kuyo izimali zokutshala imali, izinhlelo zokonga, umshwalense nezinhlelo zempesheni.
Nika amandla amakhasimende amahle kakhulu: kunokuthambekela kokuqeda lezi zindleko kuma-akhawunti okonga amaklayenti athandwayo amabhizinisi asebhange. Lokho wukuthi, ngebhalansi enamandla kakhulu nokuthi abakaze babe nezikweletu noma izinombolo ezibomvu ngemikhiqizo ebhalisiwe.
Izindleko zakho ezibaluleke kakhulu
Ngokungangabazeki, okuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke kutholakala ekuphathweni kwayo. Ngenkokhelo yonyaka ezahlukanayo phakathi kwama-5 no-20 ama-euro, kuya ngohlobo lwe-akhawunti nemibandela ekuqashweni kwayo. Okunye ukukhokhelwa okunomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanganisweni okujwayelekile kwabaphethe lokho kuxhumene ne-overdraft ebhalansi yalo mkhiqizo wasebhange. Yizinombolo ezibomvu ezisabekayo futhi zingaholela ekuqoqweni kwenhlawulo efinyelela kuma-20% kubhalansi yedebithi.
Akubaluleke kangako amakhomishini lapho edlulisa imali futhi anezindleko ze-0,50 kuzwelonke futhi cishe i-1% kulabo abenziwe ngokusemthethweni phesheya. Kodwa-ke, le mali ekhokhelwayo ingagwenywa uma benza isivumelwano ngama-akhawunti afanele kakhulu: abakhululiwe kumakhomishini, benemiholo ephezulu noma exhunywe ekubhalisweni kweminye imikhiqizo: umshuwalense, izinhlelo zokutshala imali noma ezinye zalezo ezimakethwa ngamabhange.
Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi amakhadi wesikweletu noma asebhange axhumene nama-akhawunti athwala izindleko ezihleliwe zokugcinwa kwawo. Kepha lokho kungenzeka kungabi nezehlakalo uma imikhiqizo ekhululekile yanoma iluphi uhlobo lwamacala we-akhawunti ikhethiwe. Okungukuthi, a ukonga minyaka yonke phakathi kwama-euro angama-20 kuya kwangama-80 ngalo mqondo. Futhi lokho ndawonye bazoba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni okunengqondo kwaleli thuluzi lasebhange. Ukuze ekugcineni kube yiqiniso ukuthi izindleko zayo zingu-zero, njengoba amanye ala mafomethi njengamanje etholakala ukusebenza nebhange ngeminyakazo ehlukahlukene yokubalwa kwezimali.
Izindleko ekusebenzeni kwemakethe yamasheya
Ukusebenza kwabatshalizimali ezimakethe zezimali kuze kube manje kuhlala kungashintshi. Lokho wukuthi, bahlala kuzimo ezifanayo njengoba eminyakeni eminingana edlule. Lapho engxenyeni ethile bencike kumanani ahlinzekwa ngamabhange uqobo. Ngokwehluka okuthile okungakwazi finyelela kuma-20% phakathi kokunye nokunye. Ngoba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwenziwa amakhomishini amaningi futhi ahlukile, njengoba kwaziwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abasetshenziselwa ukusebenza nalesi sigaba sezimpahla zezimali. Futhi lokho kusho ukwenza umzamo omkhulu wezezimali ukwenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi kunemali ekhokhelwa ukugcinwa kwamasheya akwi-akhawunti yasebhange. Noma kunjalo iphesenti layo lincane impela kuyizindleko ezintsha okuzofanele sibhekane nazo lapho sitshala izimakethe zezimali. Ngenkokhelo ekhombisa u-0,5% wemali etshaliwe futhi eyenziwa njalo minyaka yonke. Yebo, zonke lezi zimali noma amanani ahlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo efanayo yokulamula njengakuqala. Yize ingahambisa ithebhu ezinyangeni ezizayo yizikhungo zezikweletu.
Amanani Flat on the stock exchange
Kunoma ikuphi, abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi banendlela yokuzivikela ukuze basebenzise imali yabo emakethe yamasheya. Yinto ebizwa ngokuthi yi-flat rate futhi, njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, isebenza ngenani lemali elinqunyelwe njalo ngenyanga, yenza imisebenzi oyifunayo. Kokubili ngasikhathi sinye futhi okuphindaphindwayo futhi nsuku zonke. Lolu hlobo lwamanani lunconywa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abenza lokho yenza ukunyakaza okuningi ezimakethe zezimali njalo ngenyanga. Ngoba empeleni, ekugcineni kosuku ungonga kuze kufike ku-50% ezindlekweni zalokhu kusebenza emakethe yamasheya.
Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi lawa ma-flat rates awanikwe amandla kukho konke ukunikezwa okuvela ezinkampanini zebhange. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, kwehle eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamabhange kwezintshisekelo kulolu hlobo lwecebo lokutshala imali. Kufike lapho lapho awavamile kangako futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuwathola ekunikezelweni kwamanje okunikezwa abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngamanani aphathwa ebangeni elisuka kuma-euro angama-20 kuye kwangama-50 cishe. Akunandaba nokusebenza okwenziwa emakethe yamasheya njalo ngenyanga.
Amanani ezikhwama zokutshala imali
Kunoma ikuphi, uma kukhona umkhiqizo obonakala ngokusabalala kwamakhomishini amaningi, lokho akuyona enye ngaphandle kwezimali zokutshala imali. Kuyo yonke imvelo, kusuka emalini kuya emalini engenayo engaguquki nokuya kwezinye izinhlobo. Bangacabanga kuze kube yizinhlobo eziyisithupha zamakhomishini asukela ekuphathweni kuya kudiphozi. Lapho ezinye zazo ziphoqelekile kanti ezinye zingakhethwa futhi lokho kungenza umkhiqizo ubize kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwawo. Ngamunye wabo uhamba ngaphakathi kwamamaki wokulamula aqala kusuka ku-0,5% kuye ku-2%. Yize amanani aphezulu kakhulu angahlangatshezwa ngokujwayelekile, yize egunyaziwe ukuwenza izinkampani zabaphathi eziphethe ukulungiselela izimali zokutshala imali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngeke kulibaleke ukuthi njengoba isikhwama sokutshala imali siba nzima ngokwengeziwe, amakhomishini okufanele uwakhokhe kusukela manje kuzoba ngaphezulu. Njengesibonelo, isikhwama sokutshala imali se-equity sizohlala sinamanani afunwa kakhulu kunemali engenayo engaguquki. Kunoma ikuphi, kulula kakhulu ukuthi ngaphambi kokwenza lo mkhiqizo wezezimali ngokusemthethweni uyaziswa ngamakhomishini uwafakayo lezi zindlela zokutshala imali. Ikakhulu ukugwema ukumangala okuncane obungakulindele. Zonke izincwajana ze-mutual fund ziphethe imininingwane ngamanani alezi zindleko.
Okokugcina, qaphela ukuthi ezikhwameni zokutshala imali ungachitha inani eliphelele elingu-2% kumakhomishini nokuthi bangakwazi ukukala utshalomali lwakho eminyakeni ezayo. Ngoba lo ngumkhiqizo onwebekayo kakhulu kulesi sici esikhathaza abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kakhulu. Lapho, phakathi kwezimali ezimbili ezinezici ezifanayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha eyodwa enamakhomishini amancane noma izindleko ezifakiwe.
Akumangalisi ukuthi kungenxa yazo zonke izinhloso zabasebenzisi abakulesi sigaba semikhiqizo, ukuzama ukonga imali eningi. Ngamunye wabo uhamba ngaphakathi kwamamaki wokulamula aqala kusuka ku-0,5% kuye ku-2%. Yize amanani aphezulu kakhulu angahlangatshezwa ngokujwayelekile, yize begunyaziwe ukuwenza izinkampani zabaphathi eziphethe ukulungiselela izimali zokutshala imali.