La I-Federal Reserve yase-United States (I-Fed) ithathe isinqumo sokugcina amanani entengo aphansi ngomlando ongaphansi kuka-0% kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2022. Uyini umkhondo omusha wokuthi inqubomgomo yezimali izohamba kuphi ezinyangeni ezizayo nokuthi kungani ungakusho, eminyakeni ezayo . Lapho ithathe isinqumo sokufaka ohlelweni lwezezimali lwase-US isikhuthazo esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni sokulwa ne-coronavirus. Kulokho okungacatshangwa ukuthi ukwehla komnotho wamazwe omhlaba kungaba ngaphezu kokulindelwe kuze kube manje. Ngalesi sizathu, akumangazi ukuthi imiphumela yezimakethe zokulingana emhlabeni wonke yehle kakhulu.
Ngoba empeleni, izimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba seziwile ngokuwa okukhulu ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule. Lapho, ngokwesibonelo, inkomba ekhethiwe yemali engenayo yezwe lethu, i-Ibex 35, ishiye ngaphezulu nje kuka-5%. Ngakho-ke kugcina i-rally eqale ngoMeyi ngenkathi isuka ezingeni lamaphoyinti angama-7800 yaya ezingeni lamaphoyinti angama-7200. Izimakethe zezezimali zemvelo yazo azihambanga kangcono, okubonile ukuthi zehle kanjani ngesilinganiso esingu-4,50%. Kulokho okube ngolunye lwezinsuku ezimbi kakhulu emasontweni adlule ezimakethe zokulingana emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudingekile futhi ukugcizelela iqiniso elibalulekile lokuthi izibikezelo ze-United States Federal Reserve ne-OECD azimeme ithemba mayelana nokuguquka komnotho njengomphumela wokwanda kwegciwane lokuphefumula. Kokunye ukuhleleka kwezinto, kufanele sihlole iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kwakho konke kungaba ulwazi oludlulayo ngakho-ke kuzodingeka silinde ukuqinisekiswa kwalo ukuthi kwenzeke ezinyangeni ezilandelanayo. Konke lokhu, endaweni lapho idatha yokuqashwa e-United States isimangaze kakhulu izimakethe zokulingana. Yize ukuvela kwayo kuzofanele kuhlolwe ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Isikhathi eside nesithakazelo ku-0%
“Sifuna ukuthi izimakethe zisebenze; asibheki izinga elithile. Uma besingama ngoba sicabanga ukuthi amanani entengo aphezulu kakhulu, kuzokwenzekani kulabo bantu okufanele sibasebenzele? " Kube ukuzivikela kokugcina kukaPowell kulabo abagxeka ukuthi yenai-Fed ibangela i-bubble eWall Street ngezisusa zalo ezingenamkhawulo. Ngokumangazayo, idatha yokuqashwa yenziwe e-United States obekungalindelwe muntu, ngisho nabenzeli ezimakethe zezimali. Ngokwezinga lapho idatha ye-United States isebenza khona
Kungenzeka ucabanga wena ukuthi lesi akusona isikhathi sokukhuluma ngokutshalwa kwemali. Ushaywa uvalo ngomsebenzi wakho, leyo ngxabano nomngani wakho omkhulu, ikati lakho liziphethe liqine kakhulu kunokujwayelekile - futhi ungangiqalisi nokuqala ngempilo yakho yobubi.
Kepha empeleni, asikho isikhathi esihle sokukhuluma ngokutshala imali. Ekugcineni, kufanele ukhuzwe ngokwanele ukuze ubambelele emalini oyenzayo, bese uthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo sokufunda ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani imali yakho. Futhi indlela engcono yokukhulisa imali yakho ukufunda ukuthi ungatshala kanjani.
Kulula kanjalo
Lapho uba ngumtshali-zimali, uzosebenzisa imali yakho ukuthenga izinto ezinikeza abahola abangahle ngokusebenzisa okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:
Inzalo kanye nezabelo ezivela kulondolozo noma amasheya akhokhela izabelo namabhondi
Ukuhamba kwemali okuvela ebhizinisini noma ku-real estate
Ukwaziswa kwenani lephothifoliyo yamasheya, ingcebo noma enye impahla
Njengoba ufunda ukuba ngumtshali-zimali, uzoqala ukunikela ngemithombo yakho elinganiselwe ezintweni ezinamandla amakhulu okubuya. Lokho kungaba ukukhokha isikweletu, ukubuyela esikoleni, noma ukulungisa ikhaya lemindeni emibili.
Vele kungasho nokuthenga amasheya namabhondi, noma okungenani izimali ezihlangene noma izimali ezithengiswa ngokushintshaniswa.
Ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ungaqala ukutshala imali ngo- $ 5 ngenyanga kanye ne-smartphone. Umsebenzi wethu ukukusiza ukuhlunga umsindo, ufunde izisekelo, futhi wenze izinqumo ezinhle zokutshala imali kusenesikhathi.
Ngaphandle kwezimali kuma-akhawunti anezilinganiso eziphansi nokutshala imali okulula okuzenzakalelayo, abaseMelika bayindlela yethu engcono kakhulu ye-akhawunti ephelele kakhulu yokutshala imali. Ukutshala imali kukuvumela ukuthi ukhulise kakhulu imali yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yamandla ezimbuyiselo ezihlanganisiwe.
Isakhi singabizwa ngokuthi yi-Eight Wonder of the World. Ngenxa yamandla okuhlanganiswa, isenti elilodwa lingaphenduka izigidi zamadola, linikezwe isikhathi esanele. Ungahle ungaphili isikhathi eside kangako, kodwa cabanga ngezibonelo ezilandelayo.
Ake sithi uqala ukutshala imali lapho uneminyaka engu-16 ubudala ... Njengoba kungenangqondo njengoba kungase kubonakale kuqala ukutshala imali encane kakhulu, ake sithi uthole ifa elincane futhi wanquma ukulitshala: uma ufaka u- $ 5.000 ku-akhawunti enenzalo isilinganiso samaphesenti ayi-7 bese unikela ngama- $ 200 angeziwe ngenyanga, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 uzoba nokuncane okungaphezulu kokungu- $ 284.000.
Uqala ngokufaka u- $ 50 ngenyanga ku-akhawunti yakho yokutshala imali, ngomdlalo wamaphesenti angama-50 ovela enkampanini. Uma wengeza iminikelo ngenani elifanayo njengokukhuphuka komholo, uzoba namadola angaphezu kwesigidi eneminyaka engama-65. Lokho kusho ukwanda minyaka yonke kwamaphesenti ama-3,5 namaphesenti angama-8,5 ekubuyisweni kwemali.
Gcina ngesikhwama
Kunezinto eziningi okufanele uzicabangele noma kunjalo - isibonelo esilula njengalesi sikhombisa amandla okuhlanganiswa uma konke kuhamba kahle. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuqala ukonga manje, ungathola umholo wonyaka wonke lapho usuneminyaka engama-30… Bheka leli thebula elingezansi ukubona ukuthi kanjani.
Ukutshala imali kuzwakala kusabisa kakhulu kunalokho okuyikho. Yebo, kuhlale kunengozi yokulahleka, kepha kukhona amathuba amakhulu kakhulu enzuzo enkulu. Ukwenza okuthile okokuqala kungasabisa, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngemali oyisebenzele kanzima. Kepha nazi izeluleko zabatshalizimali bokuqala.
Tshala imali okokuqala ngqa
Ukutshala imali kufana nenkolo: abantu banemibono eqinile futhi bangaba yingxenye yamahlelo amaningi noma izikole zemicabango. Nazi ezimbalwa ezifika engqondweni:
I-Doomsday Preppers - laba bantu bayaqiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwezezimali luzowa, ngakho-ke bafaka yonke imali yabo kwigolide nakwizakhiwo.
Abahwebi Bosuku Lamageyimu - laba ngabantu abavame ukubonwa kumabhayisikobho, benamadeski abo noma izindonga zimbozwe ngabaqaphi namathelevishini, babuka njalo umzuzwana wosuku futhi babuke ushintsho emakethe yamasheya.
Ama-indexers - laba ngabantu abamane batshale imali kukho konke ukuze basebenzise ukwanda okuhamba kancane nokuqinile kunani eliphelele lezimakethe.
Ithimba labalamuli bezezimali linikela ngesevisi yokwelulekwa komuntu siqu enikezela ukwesekwa komuntu ngamunye kuyo yonke inqubo yokutshala imali. Bazohlela isu lokutshala imali ukuze lihambisane nezidingo zakho futhi bangakusiza ufunde konke ofuna ukukwazi mayelana nokutshala imali kumasheya, amabhondi, ama-ETF kanye namanye amathuba ahlukahlukene.
Ukutshalwa kwemali okuncane kule misebenzi
Ukutshalwa kwemali okuncane ukusebenzisa i-Personal Advisory Service yalezi zinhlangano zezezimali kungama- $ 50.000 kanti imali ekhokhwa minyaka yonke ingu-0,3% kuphela (Ngakho-ke, ama- $ 150 kuwo wonke ama- $ 50.000 atshaliwe).
Uma usuvele ungomunye wemikhakha eshiwo, ungahle ungatholi izinsiza zokutshala imali ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 zilusizo. Kodwa-ke, uma unomqondo ovulekile futhi unentshisekelo yokufunda amasu alula okutshala imali ngempumelelo kuyo yonke impilo yakho - ngaphandle kokukhohlisa - funda njalo.
Uma unganqumi mayelana nokuthi uzotshala kuphi futhi nini, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amathuba wenzalo aqinisekisiwe. Ama-Akhawunti Wokulondolozwa Okuphezulu Okwamanje anikela ngaphezu kuka-2% nomshuwalense we-FDIC (okusho ukuthi imali yakho iqinisekiswe nguhulumeni wesifundazwe).
Bahlale bekhokhisa inzalo eshisiwe kuma-akhawunti abo wediphozithi futhi njengamanje bane-APY ka-1,55% kuyo yonke imali esele ku-akhawunti yabo yokulondoloza eku-inthanethi. Uma uvuma ukonga imali yakho nge-CD term, nawo anama-APYs ku-2% uhla lwemigomo yeminyaka emine nanhlanu.
Ingozi vs umvuzo
Kuyiqiniso: ukutshala imali kubandakanya ingozi. Sonke sizizwile izindaba zabatshalizimali abalahlekelwe yingxenye yengcebo yabo kuKuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezimali noma muva nje kuKwehla Komnotho Okukhulu. Sizwile ngoBernie Madoffs womhlaba nabatshalizimali abalahlekelwe yikho konke ngenxa yomkhonyovu. Yize ungeke uqede ubungozi ngokuphelele, unganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi ngokutshala imali ngokuhlakanipha.
Into enhle ngokutshala imali intsha ukuthi mhlawumbe utshala imali kwizimali zesikhathi eside, njenge-akhawunti yakho yomhlalaphansi. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kunengozi encane kunokuhweba okusheshayo kwamasheya kwabantu abangaqondi kahle abakwenzayo.
Yize ukutshala imali kungaba yingozi, kungcono ukubhekana naleyo ngozi, ngoba ukungatshali imali kungakudla imali eningi kunokulahlekelwa yimali encane ngokutshalwa kwemali okungalungile.
Sikhulume ngenzalo ehlanganisiwe ngenhla, futhi umthetho oyinhloko wesithupha walokho: ekuqaleni uqala ukonga, imali yakho izohola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Bheka lapha ukubona umehluko omkhulu phakathi komuntu oqale ukutshala imali kuma-25 nama-35. Ungahle ulahlekelwe ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi uma uqala ukonga kamuva.
Gcina utshalomali lulula
Dala ukwehluka okubanzi ngokuxubana kwezimali ezihlangene eziphansi kanye nama-ETFs, ngenkathi ugcina ubumnandi buqhubeka ngokubamba amasheya ngamanye ngamaphesenti ayi-10 wezimpahla zakho. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekubeni ngumtshali-zimali ophumelelayo akuzona izitoko nezimali ozikhethayo. Impumelelo yotshalo-mali incike kulokhu:
Ukukhetha Ukwabiwa Kwefa Elifanele - Ukuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile kwezibopho, amasheya, nemali onayo kuphothifoliyo yakho.
Thuthukisa futhi ulandele uhlelo lokutshala imali oluzenzekelayo, ngale ndlela ugwema ukwenza izinqumo ezimbi nezithinta imizwa, njengokuthengisa ngemuva kokuphahlazeka kwemakethe.
Imininingwane yokutshala imali ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 iklwebha ngokulambisa lonke ulwazi lokutshala imali, kepha lokho kulungile. Asizami ukuqeqesha isigaba esilandelayo sezizukulwane ze-hedge fund, kepha ukunika umuntu ojwayelekile ulwazi olwanele nokuzethemba ukuze aqale ukutshala imali yedwa.
Izimali zokutshala imali
Isikhwama sokubambisana luhlobo lotshalo-mali olulawulwa efanele olufanisa imali yakho nabanye abatshalizimali. Abaphathi besikhwama basebenzisa imali eqoqiwe ukuthenga izibambiso zeqembu.
Kungcono ukuqala ukutshala imali kwizimali ezihlangene noma izimali zokushintshanisa kunokuba amasheya ngamanye nezibopho kuze kube yilapho izinyawo zakho zimanzi. Lezi zinhlobo zezimali zikuvumela ukuthi utshale imali kuphothifoliyo ebanzi yamasheya namabhondi kokuthengiselana okukodwa kunokuba uzithengise ngokwakho.
Akuzona nje kuphela izimali eziphephile (ngoba zihlukene), kepha kuvame ukubiza kakhulu ukutshala ngale ndlela. Uzokhokha ikhomishini eyodwa yezohwebo noma ungakhokhi lutho (uma kwenzeka uthenga isikhwama sokubambisana ngqo kusuka enkampanini yesikhwama), esikhundleni sokukhokha amakhomishini ezohwebo ukuthenga amasheya ayishumi nambili noma ngaphezulu.
Yize izimali ezihlanganyelwe zingathengwa nganoma iyiphi i-akhawunti yokuhweba, uzokonga imali ngezimali zokuhweba ngokuthenga izimali ngqo ngokusebenzisa inkampani yezikhwama ezihlangene njenge-E * TRADE noma i-You Invest. Lezi zinhlobo zezimali zikuvumela ukuthi utshale imali kuphothifoliyo ebanzi yamasheya namabhondi kokuthengiselana okukodwa kunokuba uzithengise ngokwakho.
Ama-bond ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene
Noma ngabe inkampani, umasipala, noma umgcinimafa, ama-bond ayindlela enhle yokuthola imali oyitshalele empumelelweni yamanye amabhizinisi. Ama-bond ayisibambiso sesikweletu esikhulisa imali kwabanye. Baxhasa ngemali izinkampani ezintsha, amaphrojekthi asendaweni, ngisho noHulumeni wase-United States. Yize kungekho ukutshalwa kwezimali okungenangozi, amabhondi kahulumeni (ama-T-Bonds) yiwona osondele kakhulu ongawathola.
Amabhonasi afanele. Ungacabanga nokutshala imali kumabhondi afanelekile. Amabhonasi afanele angama- $ 10 lilinye, futhi anikela ngenani elinqunyelwe lokubuyiselwa kuka-5%. Ibhondi ngayinye inesikhathi sezinyanga ezingama-36 kanti inzalo ikhokhwa masonto onke. Qoqa ibhonasi noma nini lapho ufuna (ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iphelelwe yisikhathi) futhi awusoze wakhokha inhlawulo.
Imali oyitshala kumabhondi afanelekile isetshenziselwa ukuxhasa amabhizinisi aseMelika, futhi i-Worthy ikhetha kakhulu ngamabhizinisi abolekisa ngawo. Batshala imali kuphela ezinkampanini ezinezimpahla ezingamanzi ezidlula kakhulu inani lemalimboleko, zehlisa ubungozi bokubuyiselwa okungu-5% okumangalisayo.
Abatshalizimali abagunyaziwe nabangagunyaziwe bamukelekile futhi bangathenga amabhondi amaningi ka- $ 10 ngendlela abathanda ngayo.
Abeluleki beRobo
Uma uzama ngempela ukuqala njengomtshali-zimali wesikhathi sokuqala, inketho eyodwa ongayenza ukuhamba indlela yomeluleki we-robo. Indlela elula yokuqonda amantongomane namabhawodi wabeluleki be-robo ukuthi bangabeluleki bezezimali abasebenzisa ama-algorithms ukukunikeza izeluleko ezinhle kakhulu zotshalomali lwezezimali.
Abeluleki beRobo baziwa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ngoba benza ukutshala kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenziseka kalula zivumelana kakhulu, zithengeka kakhulu, futhi zinenani eliphansi lokutshala imali kunabeluleki bezezimali abajwayelekile.
Futhi, akekho umthengisi wokutshala imali futhi izindleko ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkampani zokuphathwa kwendabuko. Kukhona ithani labeluleki abakhulu be-robo laphaya, kepha njengoba kunjalo ngayo yonke into, akubona bonke abeluleki be-robo abafanele bonke abatshalizimali.
Ukubheja emakethe yamasheya aseSpain
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, abatshalizimali bangazibeka ezinkampanini ezinesitatimende esihle kakhulu semali engenayo nezithole isijeziso esingafanele ngonyaka odlule, kanye nokubheja kwezinye izimakethe ezingahambisani kakhulu nesiJalimane noma isiFulentshi, noma zikhethe ezase-United States Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvumela umtshalizimali ukuthi alindele ukuvuselelwa komnotho.
Ukuthatha izikhundla emalini yaseYurophu okuyinhloko wabathengi Bancamela izinkampani ezihola phambili emikhakheni yabo: iBayer, iNestlé noma i-Allianz, kepha futhi bakhetha ukuthengwa kokukhetha emikhakheni yezokuxhumana ngocingo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha, okunobungozi obukhulu kumtshalizimali, njengeVodafone noma iNokia. I-Acciona, i-BBVA, i-BME, i-Endesa, i-Enagas, i-Grifols, i-Iberdrola, i-Red Eléctrica, i-Técnicas Reunidas ne-Telefónica ngezinye zezokuphepha ezikhethwa abalamuli abaningi bezezimali lapho belungiselela iphothifoliyo yezokuphepha yonyaka ka-2020.