Inkomba ekhethiwe yezimali zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, isivaliwe ngemuva kwezinyanga eziningi ngaphansi kwezinga elibalulekile lamaphoyinti angama-9.000. Ngenxa yemicimbi eminingana eye yahlangana futhi yaba nomthelela obulalayo kuzintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Phakathi kokuvelele kakhulu, izitatimende zikamongameli wase-United States ezibhekiswe eChina nokuwa kwephawundi elihle ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi iBrexit enzima iyavuka phakathi kwabatshalizimali. Futhi lokho kukhiqize ukuthi amanani amaningi emakethe yamasheya aseSpain awele kwezinye izisekelo zokubaluleka okuthile.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi simo singahunyushwa njengoshintsho kuthrendi kuye ukuphela kwenqubo ephelele ye-bullish (ngisho ne-lateral) enikeze imiphumela emihle kakhulu kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngokubuyiselwa kokulondoloziwe kwezinye izimo obe ngaphezu kuka-10%, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo amanani wemakethe yamasheya angazabela abaninimasheya bayo. Yinothi lokukhathazeka elingabathinta. Njengoba kunikezwe ingozi yangempela yokuthi izinto ezimakethe zamasheya azikho njengoba bezinjalo kuze kube manje.
Ngaphakathi kwalesi simo, ukukhathazeka kubuyele ezimakethe zezimali. Kepha manje, ukuhlala izinyanga eziningi noma ngisho neminyaka? Lo ngumbuzo wamarandi ayisigidi ozodinga ukuxazululwa ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwezisekelo zayo. Kulokho okwenziwa njengesimo esingahle sisebenzise ukuwa okukhulu kumanani akha inkomba ekhethiwe yamasheya aseSpain, i-Ibex 35.
Ibex 35, ungaya kuphi?
Lo ngumbuzo wamarandi ayisigidi phakathi kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kubi kabi ukubheka izintshisekelo zakho ngoba izinto zingamane zibe zimbi kakhulu kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile. Yize kunjalo kuzodingeka ukuhlaziya bekuyini umthamo wokuqashwa ngalezi zinsuku ukulinganisa ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuhamba ezimakethe zezimali kunokwethenjelwa noma cha. Noma ngokuphambene nalokho, yi-alamu yamanga ephindwe kaningi eminyakeni yamuva. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuqapha kufanele kube yizinga lokuqala lesenzo kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka. Ngoba ama-euro amaningi angangena ngomgwaqo.
Ngomunye umqondo, kufanele futhi kugcizelelwe ukuthi lesi bekuyisimo ingxenye enhle yabahlaziyi bezezimali abebesilindile. Ngoba empeleni, lokhu yinto engiyibone iza ngokuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe kwama-stock indices amakhulu ezwekazi lakudala. Lapho kungangabazeki ukuthi ubuthakathaka bufakiwe ezikhundleni zabo nasekuvumelaneni kwamanani ezokuphepha kwabo emakethe yamasheya. Kufinyelela ezingeni lokuthi kuyisici okufanele silinganiswe kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukwenza isinqumo ukuthi kungcono yini ukuthatha izikhundla kulezi zimpahla zezimali. Noma ngokuphambene nalokho, kungcono ukukhetha ukuphuma kwemali yonke emakethe yokusebenza kwesitoko.
Ukuvikeleka ngentengo okuthengiswayo
Omunye wemiphumela eqondile yokuvalwa kwe-Ibex 35 ngemuva kwezinyanga eziningi ezingaphansi kwezinga elibalulekile lamaphoyinti angama-9.000 inani lentengo elincintisana kakhulu elikhonjiswa yingxenye enhle yamagugu ezabelo zaseSpain. Kufike ezingeni lokuthi ungazibuza ukuthi ngabe sekuyisikhathi sokungena nakanjani ezimakethe zezimali. Ngoba kwezinye izimo amanani entengo akhona manje futhi kunoma yisiphi isimo ngaphansi kwezintengo ezihlosiwe. Kulesi simo jikelele esikhathazayo, akungabazeki ukuthi okunye ukulinganisa ezinkampanini ezisohlwini kungabonakala kushibhile, kepha iqiniso ukuthi bangawela phambili ezimakethe zezezimali.
I-Banco Santander, ngokwesibonelo, ingaphansi kwama-euro ama-4 ngesabelo ngasinye, i-Arcelor cishe ama-euro ayi-13 ngakho-ke yingxenye enhle yezokuphepha ezakha inkomba ekhethiwe yamasheya aseSpain, i-Ibex 35. Kepha qaphela kakhulu, ngoba lokhu Akusho ukuthi ashibhile, kepha kunalokho, angamanani ahlelelwe iqiniso. Kuyaphungulwa ukuthi isikhathi esisha somnotho sesizofakwa futhi lesi sici singenza umonakalo omkhulu ezimpahleni zezimali kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ukufika lapho kunamasheya anciphise amanani awo ngesigamu, ngokwesibonelo ezimweni ze- I-BBVA, i-Enagás kanye namanye ama-equities kazwelonke.
Yini engenziwa?
Kulesi simo jikelele, into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ngalesi sikhathi ukugcina isamba semali futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa usebenzise amathuba ebhizinisi azovela emakethe yamasheya. Ngoba ngaphandle kokungabaza zizovela, noma ezimweni ezingezinhle kakhulu emakethe yamasheya kazwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso okufanele uthembele kulo ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zokucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Kunoma ikuphi, lesi akusona isikhathi sokwenza imisebenzi esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, lokhu kufanele kubhekiswe kukho isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuhlala. Lapho okungenani ukuthi ukubuya okuthile kwenzeka kungabi khona esinye isixazululo ngaphandle kokuhlehlisa izikhundla.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakhohlwa ukuthi sibhekene nesikhathi esingesihle kakhulu sayo yonke imali yamazwe omhlaba. Ngalo mqondo, akungabazeki ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya zikhuphuke iminyaka eminingi, cishe kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphela komnotho, ngo-2012. Kwezinye izimo, njenge usa stock exchange, nezimbuyiselo ezisondele ku-100%. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuthi lolu shintsho kumkhuba lwenzeka ngoba akukho okwenyuka noma okuphansi unomphela, kungasaphathwa ezimakethe zokulingana kwezezimali. Manje kubonakala isikhathi sokushintsha kwezinto, yize kubukeka kukubi.
Ezinye izindlela zokutshala imali
Ngeke ube nesikhathi esilula sokufuna izinketho zokwenza imali yakho inenzuzo. Akumangalisi ukuthi imali edonswa emabhange yesikhathi esinqunyiwe isezingeni eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni futhi ikakhulukazi manje njengoba inembuyiselo engemihle. Ungenza okuncane kakhulu ngalezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngaphandle kokuthi imali igcinwe lapho kubhekene nesimo esibi sezimali. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafomethi axhunyaniswe nemakethe yamasheya akhombisa ukungalungi okufana nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya. Ikakhulu, imikhiqizo enobudlova kakhulu njenge ukuthengiswa kwezikweletu, izincwadi ezigunyazayo noma okuvela kokunye. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukhethe inani eliphansi noma ngabe lifaka izingozi eziningi ekuqashweni kwalo.
Okuwukuphela kwenketho onayo okwamanje yilena emelwe ezinye izimakethe. Njengasendabeni ethile yegolide, enokuziphendukela okungenaphutha kwangempela ngoba kuyimpahla yezimali esebenza njengesiphephelo kubatshalizimali nalapho ungenza khona imali enenzuzo ngenzuzo enhle kakhulu. Njengabanye izinto zokusetshenziswa zokubaluleka kokuqala: ukhokho, ubhontshisi, ukolweni, njll. Yize kunjalo kulokhu kunzima kakhulu ukuthenga ezimakethe zezezimali. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba kuzofanele uye phesheya ukuze usayine lezi zinkontileka. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafomethi axhunyaniswe nemakethe yamasheya akhombisa ukungalungi okufana nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya.
Emakethe ye-forex, ukwanda okujwayelekile kokubekezelela ubungozi kusekele idola ngesonto eledlule. Imininingwane evela ekukhuleni okuqinile kwezomnotho e-US, isivuno esikhulu sebhondi kanye ne-European Central Bank (ECB) ngokuzibophezela ekulinganiseni ukusikeka ngo-Septhemba kusekele ukubuyiselwa kwemali, okuphele isonto ngaphezu kwazo zonke izimali ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Okuwukuphela kwesibonakaliso esihle se-euro ukuthi ikwazile ukuvala ngaphezu kwe-1,11 yize kunezimanga ezingezinhle zezomnotho kanye nethemba elivela ku-ECB, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-Ebury kwamasonto onke.
Abatshalizimali bamazwe omhlaba
Ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali bamazwe aphesheya kwizimali zaseSpain ngonyaka odlule kubeka irekhodi elisha. Ngokombiko waminyaka yonke wobunikazi bamasheya asohlwini, olungiselelwe yiSpanish Stock Exchange kanye neMarket Service Service (BME), abangebona abahlali banemakethe engu-48,1% yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Bangamaphesenti amabili kunamaphesenti angaphezu konyaka odlule futhi bamele irekhodi elisha lomlando. Lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukuthi Ukutshalwa kwemali okuqondile ezimakethe zokulingana kwamakhaya kwehle kwaba yi-17,2%, ngenkathi leyo yezinkampani ezingekho kwezezimali inyuka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkampani ezibalwe zijabulela ubukhona obubanzi, obuhlukahlukene futhi obusobala babatshali bezimali bangaphandle enhlokodolobha yabo kunezinkampani ezingekho ohlwini. Abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe banamasheya angaphezudlwana kuka-20% wezinkampani ezingekho ohlwini, uma kuqhathaniswa cishe nengxenye yenani lezinkampani ezikuSpain Stock Exchange abazilawulayo. Le yimininingwane efanelekile eqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela le- ukubamba iqhaza kwabatshalizimali abangahlali ezitokisini zaseSpain inyuka ngamaphesenti amabili ngonyaka futhi ibeka umlando.