Kubukeka sengathi singena esikhathini esingathandeki kakhulu lapho uthenga futhi uthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya. Kunengqondo ngezinga elithile ngoba izimakethe zamasheya emhlabeni jikelele sezikhuphuke iminyaka eminingi, cishe kusukela lapho ukwehla komnotho kwaphela ngo-2012. Futhi kwezinye izimo, njenge usa stock exchange, nezimbuyiselo ezisondele ku-100%. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuthi lolu shintsho kumkhuba lwenzeka ngoba akukho okwenyuka noma okuphansi unomphela, kungasaphathwa ezimakethe zokulingana kwezezimali. Ngakho-ke kungaba yisikhathi sokwenza ushintsho kumasu ethu otshalomali.
Vele ikhona eminye imikhiqizo yezezimali yokwenza imali yethu ibe nenzuzo. Yize okwenzeka empeleni ukwazi ukuthi yisikhathi esifanele ukuqala imisebenzi ezimakethe ezehlukene zezezimali. Ukuze bonke abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bazimisele ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, sizokwethula eminye yemikhiqizo yezezimali engavunyelwayo kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Kwezinye izimo, ngaphansi kwamafomethi anolaka kakhulu futhi kokunye kufinyeleleke ngokwengeziwe kumaphrofayili wokuzivikela noma wokugcina.
Kunoma yiziphi izimo, ngeke kube nokukhetha ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ukuhlaziywa okujulile ukuthola ukuthi ngabe le yimodeli engcono kakhulu yokutshala imali noma yokonga esingaba nayo ezikhathini eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuhlobana nezwe lemali elihlale liyinkimbinkimbi. Ngoba impela, kukhona amafomethi athile anikeza nethuba lokuthi kuqinisekisa inzuzo encane, noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezezimali futhi lokho kungenye yezinjongo zethu ezibalulekile okwamanje. Ukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuthi kukhona impilo edlula ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya, njengoba ungaqonda.
Amamodeli wokutshala imali: aqinisekisiwe
Lo ngomunye wemikhiqizo ekhohliwe ngabatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuthi bazi ngakho. Kuyindlela ye- Isixazululo sokungabikho kwenzuzo yemali engaguquki yendabuko. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba inani lesikhwama liqinisekisiwe ngokuphelele futhi, uma lilungile, kungatholwa imbuyiselo engaphezu kuka-4%. Yize esimweni esibi kakhulu, inani lenzalo elicishe libe ngu-2% liqinisekisiwe ngakho-ke liphakeme kunalelo elihlinzekwa yimikhiqizo yasebhange exhunywe kwimali engenayo engaguquki, okunikeza ngokulambisa u-0,5% kwizivumelwano.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakhohlwa ukuthi lo mkhiqizo wezezimali ungabhaliswa isikhathi saphakade unomphela esikhathini esimaphakathi neside, cishe eminyakeni emihlanu noma eyisi-5, njengefomula yokwengeza inzuzo ngamasheya ngesikhwama sokutshala imali. Kodwa-ke, uma abafakizicelo bakho bezodinga ukwenziwa kwemali ezinyangeni ezizayo, bangakhetha imali eqinisekisiwe. Ngokufaka amawindi akhokhelwa njalo ngenyanga noma ngekota okungahlenga ngawo ingxenye yemali efakiwe. Ukuze uhlangabezane nezindleko ezenziwe yisimo sakho somuntu siqu noma somndeni: izikweletu zasendlini, ukwehliswa kwentambo yesikweletu noma isikole sezingane, phakathi kokunye.
Amanothi webhizinisi angenanzuzo
Enye indlela imelwe ngomunye wemikhiqizo ejwayelekile, uhlobo oluqashwe ngabazali bethu noma izindiza. Kulokhu, sibhekene nenye indlela engathakazelisa kakhulu ngesikhathi esithile ezimpilweni zethu, kepha lokho kunezimpawu ezichazwe kahle. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sizobe sithatha izingozi ezithile okubandakanya ukuqashwa kwakho. Akumangalisi ukuthi lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lususelwa kuzimpahla ezingenayo ezingaguquguquki ezikhishwa izinkampani ezizimele kanye nabakhipha imikhiqizo yezezimali kudingeka ukuthi bahlele futhi babhalise incwajana yolwazi kwiNational Securities Market Commission njalo lapho benza ukusakazwa kwalolu hlobo uma ibhekiswe emphakathini jikelele.
Lesi sigaba samanothi wesithembiso singabhaliswa ngu izikhathi eziguquguqukayo kakhulu zokuhlala, okungaba kusuka enyangeni eyodwa kuye eminyakeni eminingana, kuya ngezidingo zezezimali zababhalisile mzuzu ngamunye. Inikela ngamazinga wenzalo ahlukanisa phakathi kuka-2% no-4%, esikhathini esimaphakathi sokuhlala esichazwe ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili. Kule misebenzi, umtshalizimali uthola ukuvikeleka ngentengo ethile esikhungweni sezezimali, ovuma ukuyithenga emuva kwesikhathi esithile ngenani elibekwe kusengaphambili, okungukuthi, uyazi kusengaphambili inzuzo eyenziwe ngotshalo-mali .
Bancike ekuphelelweni kwabo yisikhathi
Amanothi esethembiso angabhaliswa ezikhungweni zezezimali futhi angathengwa emakethe yesibili, noma kunjalo kulokhu kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi intengo yokuthengisa ingasho ukuthi inani eliphumelelayo lingaphansi kwenani elitshaliwe, noma ngabe liqinisekisiwe yini ngosuku lokuvuthwa. lonke utshalomali. Mayelana namakhomishini, angafaka eziningana: ukuthenga, ukuthengisa kanye dNgingafaka. Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele ukuthi inzuzo yalezi zimpahla iqinisekisiwe ekuvuthweni futhi ilungiswa kusengaphambili, yize kwenzeka lapho umtshali-zimali ethatha isinqumo sokuthengisa, inzuzo izoncika entengo yokuthengisa yempahla emakethe yesibili.
Njengamanje ukunikezwa okucatshangwe kulolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkathi kusukela isidingo sokuxhaswa kwezinkampani ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi amabhange, incane kunakuqala. Kunoma yiziphi izimo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlaziye isimo senkampani ukuze uhlole ukuthi lolu hlobo lwemisebenzi ekhethekile lufanelekile noma cha. Okunye okufana nakho kakhulu ukuthi kungenziwa kube semthethweni kusuka kunoma imuphi umnikelo wemali, kusuka kwabathobeke kakhulu kuye kulabo abadinga umzamo omkhulu wezezimali ngakithi. Yize enye yezinto okumele sizinake yizinkinga zokungakwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu ezingalethwa yilabo abakhipha lo mkhiqizo okonga komuntu siqu.
Izimali zemali
Kwakungenye yezimali eziyisisekelo ngekhulu elidlule futhi ukusuka lapho owawungakhona dala isikhwama sokonga esingacishe sizinze esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Kunoma ikuphi, izinto zishintshile eminyakeni yamuva nje, kepha ngaphandle kwazo kungenye yemikhiqizo yezimali abasindisa imali abanayo yokutshala imali abayilondolozile, ikakhulukazi uma bengafuni ukubeka izingozi eziningi ngemali yabo. Lo mkhiqizo wezezimali utshala izimpahla zemakethe yemali, okungukuthi, kumathuluzi ezezimali (Izikweletu zikaMgcinimafa, izivumelwano zokuthengwa kwezikweletu zomphakathi kanye namanothi ezethembiso ezinkampani) ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-18.
Lokhu kubheja kubonakala ngoba inzuzo ihlobene kakhulu namanani wenzalo yesikhashana. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, inzalo yesikhashana esifushane ingu-2%, imbuyiselo elindelekile yonyaka yalolu hlobo lwesikhwama iphakathi cishe kwe-1% ne-2%. Lezi yizimali ezinokushintshashintsha okuncane kakhulu futhi zilungele ikakhulukazi labo zimali abalondolozayo abangafuni ukubeka engcupheni enkulu ezimakethe zezezimali. Ziyathakazelisa nezikhathi zokungaqiniseki futhi njengesiphephelo sesikhashana ekungazinzile kwezimakethe. Inzuzo ejwayelekile yonyaka ingatholwa, kuya ngomkhiqizo onenkontileka, ongasondela ku-1% ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bavumela ukuthi kube nokuthengiswa kwemali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi bangabhalisela imali engabizi kakhulu kuyo yonke imizi.
Izimali ezihwebelana ngokuhwebelana: ziguquguquka kalula
Lo ngumkhiqizo oyingxube phakathi kwezimali zendabuko mutual kanye nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya ezimakethe zezimali. Kepha ngamakhomishini anokuncintisana kakhulu kumamodeli angenhla. Babizwa nangokuthi ama-ETFs, futhi kungumkhiqizo wezezimali ofaneleke kakhudlwana kubatshalizimali abafuna ukuthatha ubungozi obukhulu njengefomula yokwengeza ukonga kwabo futhi baqondise imali yabo kwizimali ngenye yalezi zimali. Kulokhu, futhi njengesincomo esihlangene salezi zikhathi, kungaba ngama-ETFs, ngokususelwa ekuguqukeni kwentengo ye- uwoyela, okokubasa, izinsimbi eziyigugu noma izinto zokusetshenziswa, sisebenzisa ukuthambekela okuphezulu kwezinye zalezi zimpahla zezimali.
Kungumkhiqizo ongakhishelwa kusuka kunoma yiliphi inani ngoba cishe akunamkhawulo kulesi sici semali. Kepha ngezimo ezithile okufanele ucace kuzo kwasekuqaleni futhi lokho kuyindlela ephakeme yokutshala imali enobungozi. Lokho wukuthi, ungalahlekelwa kuphothifoliyo futhi noma kunjalo akukho ukubuya, noma okulungisiwe noma okuqinisekisiwe. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi inkontileka yayo ingasho ukulahleka kwama-euro amaningi kulondolozo lwethu noma ekuhloleni i-akhawunti.
Ngomshini ohlukile kunezinye izimali zotshalo-mali futhi isikhathi sencomo esinconywayo esisezinyangeni ezimbalwa, esiphakathi kuka-6 no-12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banikeza inzuzo yokuthi kunezimpahla eziningi zezimali ezikhona ongeke ukwazi ukuzithola kwezinye izinhlobo zotshalo-mali futhi lokhu kuyisici esingakusiza ukwenza imali izuze.