Izimali zokutshala imali zingenye yemikhiqizo abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abakhethwa kakhulu njengethuluzi lokwenza ukonga kwabo kube nenzuzo. Kulula kakhulu ukuqasha futhi futhi kuvumela hlukanisa iminikelo yemali ngezimpahla ezehlukene zezimali. Hhayi kuphela kumasheya, kepha futhi nasemalini etholakalayo kanye nakwezinye izinhlobo zokutshala imali, okuyizinto esizoxoxa ngazo kule ndatshana engezansi. Njengenye yezinketho ezikhathini ezinzima ezimakethe zezezimali.
Ngokwalo mongo jikelele, izimali zikazwelonke zokutshala izimali njengamanje zidlula u-5% wenzuzo enhle ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zonyaka, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco). Lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukuthi izimpahla ezihlangene zotshalo-mali oluhlangene, okungukuthi, izimali nezinkampani, zatholwa ngo-Ephreli ukwanda kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-3.072 futhi yema kwizigidi ezingama-478.298, okusho ukwanda ngo-0,6% uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga eyedlule, uMashi.
Ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zonyaka, ivolumu yezimpahla inyuke ngo-5,1%. Lapho, inani lama-akhawunti ababambiqhaza njengamanje selizungeze i-14.168.573, ekhombisa ukwehliswa kwe-3,3% uma kuqhathaniswa noDisemba 2018. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokutshala imali zibhaliswe ngo-Ephreli ukubuyiselwa kwemali ephelele okubalelwa kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-184. Kuwo wonke unyaka, buthelela ukukhokhelwa okuphelele kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-698. Yini ecabanga ukwanda kokusebenza okwenziwe yingxenye yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kepha lapho ezinye izimali zokutshala imali zibe enye yezindlela okufanele sizitshale kusuka manje kuqhubeke.
Ezinye izimali zezindlu
Ingenye yamamodeli athengiswa kakhulu yizinkampani zabaphathi futhi inhloso yawo ukushaya inzuzo yezinye izimali zokutshala imali ezibhekwa njengabajwayelekile abaningi. Akunakulibaleka ukuthi axhumene nomunye wemikhakha evelele yomnotho wezwe lonke. Kokubili kulokho okubhekiswe kumanani omkhakha wezokwakha, ngokuqondene ne-real estate kanye nakho konke okuhlobene nakho ngesitini. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuchayeka kwakho ezingozini kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izimali zendabuko zokutshala imali. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzuzo ingaba ngaphezulu ngesimo senzuzo ephezulu.
Lesi sigaba sezimali zokutshala imali sibonakala ngokuguquguquka kakhulu kunezinye. Lokho wukuthi, baletha umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezintengo zabo eziphezulu nezincane. Kepha umphumela wawo ungaphansi kokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba lesi sigaba semikhiqizo yokutshalwa kwemali ngokuhlanganyela kuhloswe ngaso esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi ikakhulukazi. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwezisekelo zayo. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukuthi ukunikezwa kwayo akunamandla njengakwezinye izimali zokutshala imali. Ngobukhona bezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokonga nangaphansi kwezakhiwo ezifanayo kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke.
Kususelwa ekushintshaneni kwemali
Kungumkhuba obekwe eminyakeni yamuva ngabatshalizimali abanolaka kakhulu ezimakethe zezezimali. Kunenzuzo yokuthi izimpahla eziningi ezehlukene zezezimali zingakhethwa kulo mkhakha ekutshalweni kwemali: I-Euro, iDollar, iSwitzerland Franc, iYapan yaseJapan noma iKrone yaseKorea, phakathi kokunye okuhambisana kakhulu. Kuya ngeziphambano ezenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yize kunenkolelo evamile, kungukutshalwa kwemali okubeka ubungozi obukhulu ekusebenzeni okwenziwa ngabasebenzisi. Ukufika lapho imali eningi ingashiywa khona ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwayo okuphezulu.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, singekhohlwa ukuthi lezi zimpahla zezimali zakhiwe ku- esikhundleni sokutshalwa kwemali kwendabuko futhi ezivamile. Ngoba futhi kunamamodeli amaningi lapho singakhetha khona kusukela manje. Abaphathi bamazwe omhlaba bancoma kakhulu lezi zimpahla zezimali futhi ngenxa yazo azishodi kuziphakamiso zabo zokutshala imali. Ngaphansi kwamafomethi ahlukene kumasu ayo ahlose ukutshala imali ukuze bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zangempela zabahlanganyeli babo.
Umkhuba wakamuva: izinto zokusetshenziswa
Kungumbono omusha owenziwa izinkampani zamazwe omhlaba ukwenza ukonga kunenzuzo kusuka kolunye uhlangothi ngokwakhiwa kwezimali zokutshala imali ezinalezi zimpawu ezikhethekile. Ngoba empeleni, zingaba kusuka kokudla okuyisisekelo, njengokolweni, ubhontshisi noma ukhokho kuya kokunye kuxhunyaniswe namandla, njengoba kunjalo ngecala elithile legesi noma uwoyela. Kwehlukile ngoba kunamakhono wokubuyekeza angaphezu kokubalulekile nokuthi kwezinye izimo kusondele emazingeni azungeze ama-20%. Kepha lapho kukhona ubungozi futhi kufanele wazi ukuthi ungazibhala kanjani ngaphansi komzuzu ngamunye wokuhlangana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungukutshalwa kwezimali okungaba mnandi kakhulu ngezikhathi lapho ubuthakathaka ezimakethe zezimali kuyiqiniso. Phambi kwakhe ingozi yokuwa kwezimakethe ezivamile zezimali. Ngenkathi ingakhiqiza izimali eziningi ekusebenzeni okwenziwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Lapho kungenakukhohlakala ukuthi kunezimali ezengeziwe zokutshala imali ezigcina lezi zingqinamba zezentengiselwano ngaphansi kwamamodeli ahlukene okutshalwa kwezimali. Futhi noma ngabe ikuphi, bakhona kuwo wonke amaphothifoliyo okutshalwa kwezimali athengiswa ngabaphathi abahlukene kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.
Izimali ze-Cryptocurrency
Vele, lo mkhuba omusha kakhulu okwamanje futhi ngakho-ke amamodeli wawo wokutshala imali anqunyelwe kakhulu. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi zimbalwa kakhulu izimali zalezi zici ezimakethwa izinkampani zokuphatha ezingaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Ngokuya ngezimali ezahlukahlukene zedijithali, lapho ubukhona obufanele kakhulu obungeBitcoin, kepha nezinye izimali ezifanele ezifana I-Litecoin, i-Ethereum, njll. Njengoba ungacabanga, ubungozi balezi zikhundla bukhulu futhi bungaphezu kwezimpahla zezimali ezisele.
Ukutshala imali ngezimali ezibonakalayo ngezimali ezihlanganyelwe kungumbono onolaka kakhulu lapho ungathola khona imali eningi. Kepha ngesizathu esifanayo, shiya ama-euro amaningi emgwaqweni ngenxa ye- ukuguquguquka kwentengo yalezi zimpahla ezikhethekile kakhulu zezimali. Futhi lesi yisici abatshalizimali okufanele basicabangele kusukela manje ukuze singaphinde sithole okunye ukumangala kusukela manje. Vele, akukhona ukutshalwa kwezimali okunconyelwe kakhulu iningi labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ikakhulukazi uma bengenakho ukufunda kulolu hlobo lokusebenza.
Kuxhunywe kumadiphozithi asebhange
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kukhona izimali zokutshala imali ezixhunywe emabhange asesikhathini esimisiwe. Bangamamodeli alondolozayo noma avikelayo kakhulu futhi, ngokungafani naleso esedlule, abanabo ubungozi obuningi. Kepha ngokushintshanisa, inzuzo engatholwa iphansi kakhulu futhi yakhelwe ngohlaka ukuthi 0,20% kuya ku-1,50% esimweni esihle kakhulu. Kwenziwe ngendlela yokwakha isikhwama sokonga sesikhathi esimaphakathi neside. Ngenkathi ngokuphambene nalokho, kungumkhiqizo olula kakhulu ukuwuqonda futhi lokho akudingi ulwazi oluphakeme ngesiko lezezimali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele ikhohlwe ukuthi i-European Central Bank (ECB), emhlanganweni wayo wenqubomgomo yezimali ngo-Ephreli ayizange ingenise izinguquko kumanani wenzalo esemthethweni. Ngamanye amagama, ngeke lithinte inani lenzalo elibikwe yilezi zimali eziyisisekelo zotshalo-mali. Vele, kuyicebo lapho singeke sikwazi ukuba ngosozigidi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenxa yemikhawulo ebucayi yokulamula abanayo. Njengoba zithengeka kakhulu kuwo wonke amaphrofayili wabahlanganyeli bezikhwama ezihlanganyelwe. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe okuzoba yindatshana yeminye imibhalo.
Kulesi simo, izimali zokutshala imali ziqophe ukubuyisa okuhle ngo-2019% ngo-Ephreli 1,13, ukuze inzuzo eqongelelwe ngonyaka ime kuma-5,03%, okwenza u-2019, ngokwenzuzo, kwikota yokuqala engcono kakhulu yochungechunge lomlando. Kepha ngeke kuhlale kufana njengoba lokhu kungumkhiqizo ongalingani emiphumeleni yawo yekota. Ngokwehluka okubaluleke kakhulu kusuka kwikota eyodwa kuya kwenye yonyaka. Ngalesi sizathu, izimali zokutshala imali akufanele zigxile ezikhathini ezifushane kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, kulula kakhulu ukuwaqondisa esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi ikakhulukazi. Ukuze ngale ndlela, izimbuyiselo ezilinganiselwayo zingatholwa yizinkampani zokuphatha zikazwelonke nezamazwe omhlaba. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe okuzoba yindatshana yeminye imibhalo.