I-Exchange Traded Fund (i-ETF) ngezinto zokusetshenziswa, yethulwa njengesixazululo sezinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo. Kukhona ama-ETF ngobuningi bezinto ezithengiswa ezimakethe. Inkinga iza, lapho ukhetha ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-ETF kungcono ukuthi sikhethe. Phakathi kokuhlukahluka okukhona, sithola ezinye eziphindaphinda intengo ngokomzimba, inkontileka, ngezimo ezithile, amakhomishini, njll.
Kodwa-ke, into ehlaba umxhwele ukuthi kunezinye ze-ETF ezibonakala zilahlekelwa inani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubangelwa yini lokhu kwehla kancane kancane? Futhi kungani abanye kubonakala sengathi baliphinda ngokwethembeka inani abalimele? Mayelana nalezi zimo, izinhlobo ze-ETF ezingatholakala, nohlu oluncane lwezinye zazo esingazithola, yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Izinhlobo ze-ETFs esingazithola emakethe yezimpahla
Imakethe yezimpahla iqukethe ikakhulukazi Izinhlobo ezi-3 zezigaba, izinsimbi, amandla, nezolimo. Singathola ama-ETF aqoqa izimpahla eziningana, umkhakha, ezimbalwa zazo, impahla ethile noma izinkampani ezikhethekile ekukhiqizeni into eyodwa noma ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa. Uma kwenzeka izimpahla eziningana ziqoqiwe, azinaso sonke isilinganiso (amaphesenti) ngaphakathi kwe-ETF, ngakho-ke bheka ishidi lobuchwepheshe le-ETF okukhulunywa ngalo.
Omunye umbuzo uthi ngabe ikusasa lezimpahla linamadethi okulethwa noma ahlelwe emakethe ehleliwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo esiluthintayo, njengezinsimbi, okungezona izinto ezifanayo njengegolide noma isiliva uma kuqhathaniswa nezimboni, zizoziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ku-ETF. Ukwahluka kwamanani ezinkontileka kungaholela kwezinye izindleko ezingeziwe, noma kunalokho, inzuzo (engandile kakhulu). Sikhuluma lapha ngeContango nokubuyela emuva.
Iyini i-Contango ku-ETF?
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu esingazithola lapho sitshala imali esikhathini eside kuma-ETF athile ukuthi ukutheleleka. Lesi simo "sokulahlekelwa kwenani" senzeka lapho inani lentengo lempahla, okungukuthi, inani lokulethwa ngokushesha, liphansi kunentengo yesikhathi esizayo yefa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho abatshalizimali belindela ukuthi intengo yempahla ihlale izinzile noma inyuke nakusasa. Emakethe yesikhathi esizayo, umehluko wentengo obheke phezulu utholakala kulezi zinkontileka ezilandelayo uma kwenzeka lesi simo. Lo mkhuba ugqugquzelwa yinqolobane yempahla eluhlaza, lapho izindleko zempahla, zokugcina, kanye nenzalo ezingatholakali lapho kutshalwa izimpahla zibhekwa.
Uma utshala imali ngqo emakethe yesikhathi esizayo, ukuqhubeka "nezikhundla ezinde" ezivulekile kungabonakala ngokuthi "ubhalise." Lokho, nikeza inkontileka yamanje yesikhathi esizayo uthathe elinye ikusasa ngomehluko wentengo ohambisanayo ucabanga ukuthi umehluko (ukulahleka) ngevelu. Endabeni ye-ETFs, lokhu kulahleka okubonakalayo kwenani kungabangelwa yilo mkhuba ofanayo, kubangele ukuthi intengo yawo yehle esikhathini eside.
Isimo esiphambene ne-contango kungaba emuva. Lapho intengo yamanje yokulethwa kwesikhathi esizayo iphezulu kunentengo yempahla eyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, into ejwayelekile emakethe ukuthi i-contango iyenzeka, kunokuba ibuyele emuva.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-ETF nezimpahla abaziphindayo
Yize phambilini kuphawulwe ngomphumela we-contango nokulahleka kwenani, akuwona wonke ama-ETF asefeni elifanayo aphindwe ngendlela efanayo. Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-ETF ehamba phambili kwimpahla, kuzofanele siqhathanise ukuhlangana kwayo naleyo yefa elingaphansi. Ama-ETF aphindaphindeka kahle ekuziphatheni nawo azothakazelisa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi akuzona zonke izimpahla ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ukwenza lokhu, sizobona izibonelo ezithile.
Endabeni yesiliva, singabona ukusebenza kwe-ETF ephindaphinda ngokwethembeka ukusebenza kwempahla eyimele. Imayelana ne- I-WisdomTree Isiliva Esingokwenyama. Yenzelwe abatshalizimali abafuna imbuyiselo efanayo nempahla emele izindleko eziphansi ze-ETF, ngokuvamile eziphansi kakhulu. Kulokhu, singathola ezinye izinsimbi ezifana negolide, okuthi ngenxa yezici zazo, zingaphindaphindeka ngo-100%.
Kwezinye izimo, umphumela we-contango awunakugwenywa. Singayithola esimweni esishiwo, iGesi. Ngenkathi impahla eyisisekelo ilahlekelwe yi-37% yenani layo uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyi-8 eyedlule, umphumela we-contango, ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe ngenhla, ubangele ukwehla cishe kwama-90% ku-ETF oyiphindayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibheke ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-ETF nempahla lapho sinesithakazelo khona. Futhi ukuthi kuya ngohlobo lwabo, singakhetha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside noma okunye ukunyakaza kwesikhashana nokusheshayo. IContango-ke iba yisicupho okufanele sibhajwe kuso esikhathini eside uma ungathathi inzuzo ngokunyuka esikhathini esifushane.
Uhlu lwama-ETF athile okufanele lutshalwe kuzimpahla
Ngohlu olulandelayo, ungabona ukuthi kunezindlela nezindlela eziningi zokutshala imali kuzimpahla. Konke kuzoncika ekugcineni, ngokusho kombukiso wethu. Kepha ukuthola umbono, okulandelayo kuyisibonelo salokho esingakuthola:
- Amafutha. I Isikhwama Samafutha sase-United States Kuyi-ETF ezama ukuphindaphinda intengo kawoyela (ngokubheka amanani okuphelelwa yisikhathi, nokuhlehlisa lokhu inyanga ngayinye, umphumela we-contango uyenzeka, ngokwesibonelo).
- IPlatinamu El I-ETF yomzimba yePlatinamu yi-WisdomTree iphinda ngokwethembeka indlela yokuziphatha kwe-platinum. Kuwebhusayithi yayo ungathola amanye ama-ETF amaningi amanani awo asondele kakhulu kwezinye izinsimbi.
- Ukolweni. I Ukolweni ETF Igxile ekuphindaphindeni intengo kakolweni, ne-contango ehambisanayo.
- Ithusi. El Abavukuzi be-Global X Copper yi-ETF elandelela iSolactive Gobal Copper Miners Total Return Index. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-ETF wezimpahla, lena isebenzisa ukungazinzi ngokutshala imali ngqo ezinkampanini zezimayini, iphinde inikeze inkokhelo yesabelo.
- Ezolimo. El Isikhwama sePanda Agriculture and Water yi-ETF ekhonjwe yi-S & P Global Agribusiness Index kanye ne-S & P Global Water Index. Utshala imali kuzo zombili izinkampani zezolimo nezabathengi, ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Kubuye kube yi-ETF efaka umkhakha wamanzi.