Okunye ukwesaba ohlangothini lwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi okwamanje ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya zingangena ehlweni elicacile elibeka utshalomali lwabo engcupheni. Sekukhona ezinye izimpawu ezethusayo kakhulu esimweni esisha ezimakethe zezimali ezingalindela ukwehla kwama-indices amakhulu esitoko emhlabeni jikelele. Kepha ezimweni eziningi, leli qiniso alimangazi futhi akusakwazi ukwenza lutho. Ngaphandle kokuthi sithathe ukulahlekelwa kuphothifoliyo yezokuphepha.
Lesi yisimo esenzekile eminyakeni edlule futhi esikhonjiswa emlandweni wokutshalwa kwezimali nezimakethe zezimali. Ngalo mqondo, i-Crac yama-29 ?? kube yingozi enkulu emakethe yamasheya emlandweni wezimakethe zamasheya zase-US, kucatshangelwa ukufinyelela komhlaba wonke nobude besikhathi somphumela wayo. Kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi iveze okwaziwa ngokuthi yi Inkinga yango-1929 owaziwa nangokuthi yi-The Great Depression futhi okwaholela ekutheni izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zabatshali zimali bachitheke ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Ukuze ungahlali ezindaweni ezikhathaza kakhulu, sizokukhombisa ezinye zezimpawu ezingakhiqizwa ezimakethe zezezimali mayelana nokuvela komsinga osezingeni eliphansi wokujula nokuqina okukhulu. Ukuze ngale ndlela, usebenzise amasu amahle kakhulu ukwenza nciphisa lesi simo esisha ezimakethe zokulingana. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka izisekelo zezokuphepha ezibhalwe ezimakethe zezimali.
Imakethe yamasheya yase-US ilindele izitayela
Mayelana nalokhu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuhweba, imakethe yaseWall Street ibhekene nokuvalwa okukhathaza kakhulu abasebenzisi besitoko, noma ngabe kulahlekile kuze kufike kumaphoyinti angaphezu kwe-1.000 XNUMX. Lokhu kuphahlazeka kubangelwe wuvalo lwabatshalizimali oludale ukuthi bahoxe emakethe ngenxa yokwesaba imiphumela emibi yezomnotho edalwe ukukhuphuka kwamazinga enzalo kanye nokungqubuzana kwezohwebo kwaseMelika neChina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuyaluza kwenzeka ngosuku olulodwa ngemuva kwe- IsiKhwama Sezimali Zomhlaba Wonke (IMF) isike isibikezelo sayo sokukhula komhlaba wonke ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngezimpi zezohwebo nobuthakathaka ezimakethe ezisafufusa. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube khona okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokubheka kakhulu okwenzekayo emakethe yokuqala yezimali emhlabeni. Akumangalisi ukuthi kubonwa ngokulindela ukuthambekela kokuhwebelana kwamasheya emhlabeni wonke ngandlela thile. Kungaphikiswa ukuthi izimakethe ezingaphesheya kwe-Atlantic zinethonya elikhulu ezimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke.
Kwehla ukwehla kokuvala
Olunye uphawu olungakhombisa ukuthi isimo se-bearish siza kithi ezimakethe ze-equity yileso esibhekise eqinisweni lokuthi ukuncipha okuncane kwenziwa ngentengo yezokuphepha, imikhakha kanye nezinkomba zemakethe yamasheya. Ingabe i- isignali enamandla kakhulu nethembekile ukuthola ukuthi sibhekene nomsuka othengisa ngokusobala ongathatha inani lamasheya liphansi kakhulu kunalokho okwamanje. Luhlelo lokutholwa kwamanje oluphansi ngaphezu kwakho konke olunokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi singalusebenzisa ngokuphepha okuphelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akungabazeki ukuthi sizodinga igrafu ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuvalwa kwamasonto onke, okuyisikhathi lapho lolu hlelo olubalulekile lokuhlaziywa kwezimakethe zezimali lungahlaziywa khona. Hhayi kuphela ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya, kepha nakwabanye, njengalezo ezimelwe izinto zokusetshenziswa, izinsimbi eziqondile, izimali ezibonakalayo nanoma iyiphi impahla yezezimali efakwe kuhlu ezimakethe. Izonikeza iphuzu eliqondile lapho kuzodingeka khona ukulungisa izikhundla ezimpahleni zezimali ezikhethwe abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokwesaba amaphutha noma ukungafani ekuhlaziyweni kwakho. Ungayisebenzisa ngokuzethemba okuphelele kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile.
Ukwakhiwa kophahla
Ngaphakathi kokuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe kukhona uchungechunge lwezibalo ezingasinikeza isignali eyinqaba yokuthi intengo yamasheya izokwehla ngezikhathi zokuhweba ezilandelayo. Phakathi kwazo zonke, kukhona eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu njengophahla oluphindwe kabili noma oluphindwe kathathu. Kepha ngabe lokhu kulungiselelwa kusikiselani ngempela kwimidwebo? Yebo, kokubili ukufakwa okuphindwe kabili nokuphindwe kathathu kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ngokucatshangwa isiteshi esiseceleni ukuphuma kwakhe kokusekelwa kuletha umgomo we-bearish. Babizwa nangokuthi izibalo zokubuyiselwa emuva kwethrendi, eziqhubekela ku-bearish. Ziwusizo kakhulu futhi kulula ukuziqonda kuwo wonke amaphrofayili wabatshalizimali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesinye isibalo sokuhlobana okukhethekile nakho okunezincazelo. Kulokhu kungenxa yesibalo esaziwayo sehlombe-ikhanda-ehlombe. Kulokhu ukulahleka kokwesekwa komugqa kuletha inhloso ye-bearish ngamandla amakhulu. Okungenani kuthuthukiswe esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi nokuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi kunokuthembeka okukhulu ekuxilongweni ngoba akuvamile ukuthi kungalungile ngenkathi amanani emakethe yamasheya ahlaziywayo kuchwepheshe azoyithatha.
Ukuhlaziywa: ukwehla konxantathu
Mayelana ne ukuhlaziywa kweshadi okunye ukwakheka okuvame kakhulu kungunxantathu. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi akhona kuwo wonke amanani ezimakethe zemali engenayo eziguquguqukayo futhi angakunika omunye umkhondo wokuthi izithombentalo ezitshalweni ozilungisile zivela kuphi zingafika kuphi. Kunoma ikuphi, lesi sigaba sonxantathu singahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana, yize lena esizobhekana nayo ibizwa ngokuthi iyehla ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ecacile ye-bearish.
Yebo, unxantathu owehlayo yilowo owakhiwa ngumugqa ovundlile osebenza njengokwesekwa kanye nomhlahlandlela we-bearish, intengo yenza ama-maximum anciphayo ngaphakathi konxantathu. Uma kukhona okuthile lolu hlobo lwe onxantathu kungenxa yento elula njengokuthi bavame ukwephula isikhathi esiningi. Bangakunika iphuzu lokubhekisela ekuhlehliseni izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali futhi ngale ndlela usesimweni esingcono sokwandisa ukusebenza kwakho emakethe yamasheya. Ngale kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe
Amathiphu wokuhweba izimakethe
Ukuthengwa okuhle ezimakethe zamasheya kusho ukuhamba ibanga elide ukuze imiphumela yohlobo lokuzuza kwemali ingathathi isikhathi eside ukufika. Kepha ukuze lokhu kuchazwe kanjena, ngeke kube khona okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuthatha uchungechunge lweziqondiso kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha. Ngenhloso yokuthi a ukuthatha isikhundla se-lousy kungacabanga ngokutshalwa kwemali kwethu esikhathini esizayo. Yize kuzindleko zokuthuthukisa ukuthambekela okuya phezulu isikhathi esithe xaxa noma esincane.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha izikhundla kwezokuphepha, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ufunde ngesici sayo sobuchwepheshe nesibalulekile. Kunoma ikuphi, ungakushiyi ekukhetheni okungahleliwe okungaletha izinkinga kuphela kuzintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngokuyisisekelo ngoba zingavela ngendlela ye- ukukhubazeka lokho kwehlisa ukuhweba okuvulekile ezimakethe zezimali. Lo ngomunye wemisebenzi esemqoka okumele siyigcine kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile nangaphezulu kokunye ukucatshangelwa okungaphezulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe okunesisekelo
Ukungena emikhakheni efanele futhi kwenza lula umsebenzi wokukhetha lapho kwakhiwa iphothifoliyo, ngoba kungenzeka ithole imizwa emihle yezimakethe. Akunandaba ukuthi yikuphi ukubheja okukhethiwe, inqobo nje uma imininingwane eyisisekelo yezinkampani iyinto enhle. Ngalo mqondo, isilinganiso esisebenzayo ukuhlanganisa kahle i- ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe okunesisekelo. Isebenza kahle kakhulu, njengoba abatshalizimali abanolwazi oluningi ezimakethe zokulingana bengathola.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho kuzodingeka sikhohlwe ukungasebenzi kahle esingakwenza kwesinye isikhathi noma kwesinye. Isibonelo, iqiniso lokuthi kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuthi abatshalizimali bangene ku- imakethe yamasheya ngaphandle kwesikhathi. Okusho ukuthi, ngemuva kokudlulwa okuningi kwe-bullish. Lapho kungenzeka kungabe kusaba yisikhathi esihle sokungena ezimakethe. Ngakho-ke kuzoba okunye ukungasebenzi okuzodingeka kulungiswe ukufeza izinhloso ezibekwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Ebhekene nalesi simo, umtshalizimali kufanele aqhubeke nokuba nemikhombandlela eqinile yokwenza inqubo yabo yokuthenga. Ngalo mqondo, imihlahlandlela elula esisanda kuyinikeza futhi okulula kakhulu ukuyilandela, ngisho nakubatshalizimali abangochwepheshe abancane, ingasiza kakhulu. Ngoba lokho okumayelana nakho ekugcineni ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo ngaphezu kokunye ukucabanga esikuvezile kule ndatshana. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka okuyisisekelo kwayo.