Ukukhuluma ngokuthula yi-chimera lapho abatshalizimali abambalwa emakethe yesitoko befuna ukukhuluma ngakho. Yizimakethe ngokwazo ezinquma intengo amasheya abiza ngayo yezinkampani, ngaphandle kwezimfihlakalo ezinkulu, zibhekise kwabaningi bazo. Futhi lokho kuzosuselwa kuzimo ezahlukahlukene ezimaka izindaba zomnotho ezigcina isikhathi kakhulu. Kwezinye izikhathi zingaba ezinye, kanti kwezinye, zibe ngamanani ahlukile. Naphezu kwakho konke, kukhona iphrofayili yomtshali-zimali omncane naphakathi izinhloso zakhe kuphela ukubhalisela ukuphepha okuphephe kuma-equities. Yize kulokhu kufanele wehlise inhloso ye- amandla aphezulu.
Ngokuvamile, kuyiphrofayili ethile esindisa kakhulu, ephendula imihlahlandlela ecacile yokulondoloza ngokuphathelene necebo labo lokutshala imali. Futhi awufuni ukubeka engcupheni izimpahla zakho, nangaphansi kokuvikeleka kwemali emincane, noma ngohlobo lokucabangela. Ukuvikelwa kwemali oyongile kuqala kuqala kunembuyiselo ongayenza ngotshalomali lwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho izenzo zabo zihlose imigomo emide, kusuka onyakeni owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Futhi lokho kuvame ukususelwa kumamodeli wendabuko kakhulu kulokho okubhekiswe emigqeni yebhizinisi eyethulwe yizinkampani eziyizinto zokuthi zifune ukuthatha isikhundla ezimakethe zamasheya.
Kulesi simo esichazwe kahle, laba batshalizimali bangakhonjwa ngamahlelo ahlukahlukene: okulondolozayo, ukuzivikela, okuvamile, njll. Futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zamasheya abazithenga ngokuhweba kwabo ezimakethe zezimali? Akungabazeki ukuthi lezo zinikeza ukuphepha okukhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi lokho musa ukukhiqiza ukunyakaza okuphezulu kakhulu ngokushintshashintsha kwazo. Uma nje ukwehluka kwabo phakathi kwenani eliphakeme nelincane kuseshini efanayo yokuhweba kuqina, kuzobangcono kubo. Ukuba ngabangenele ukhetho, ngakho-ke, ukwenza iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Amanani wephothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali
Lapho kunqunywa ukukhetha kwabo kumasheya, bathambekele ekukhetheni kuqala amasheya ayingxenye yezinkomba zebenchmark kazwelonke., Futhi uma kungenzeka ngolwazi oluphelele mayelana nabo, kanye nasemisebenzini yebhizinisi lapho izinkampani zabo zihlanganiswe khona. Ibhizinisi. Abanazo izinketho eziningi kakhulu zokubaqasha, kepha ancishiselwa kumanani ajwayelekile, impilo yonke, ebithengiswa iminyaka eminingi, futhi ibuye ibe nemiphumela yebhizinisi enempilo, noma ngabe kunenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu minyaka yonke.
Kepha yiziphi lezi zimiso ngokuqondile? Ekuqaleni, okuthiwa ama-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma izinkampani ezimele kakhulu zokuma kwezwe: i-BBVA, iBanco Santander, i-Endesa, i-Iberdrola neRepsol. Lezi yizinkampani ezinokuqina okukhulu kwamanani azo kunezinye, okungajwayelekile ukukhomba ukuphambuka okubukhali kuseshini ngayinye yokuhweba. Yize inkampani kawoyela yaseSpain ikhombise ukungazinzi okunamandla ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, nangenxa yokwehla kukawoyela ezimakethe zezezimali, kwafinyelela emazingeni amadola angama-30 umphongolo, nokwehla konyaka odlule okungaphezu kwama-60%.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banethuba lokufaka isandla kuleli banga labatshalizimali umholo wesahlukaniso ongaphezu kokuthakazelisa, esondele ku-6% kwamaningi ala macala. Kufinyelela ezingeni lokweqa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo engenayo engaguquki (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezithembiso zasebhange noma isikweletu somphakathi), okunikela ngenzalo ka-1%. Ngenxa yokwehliswa kwentengo yemali yi-European Central Bank (ECB). Futhi noma ngasiphi isikhathi ingasebenza njengesikhuthazo sokwenza ukonga kunenzuzo ngeziqinisekiso ezinkulu, futhi nangokuphepha okuthile.
Vele, ababheki lolu hlobo lwamagugu, yiziphakamiso zemvelo yokuqagela engonakalisa izifiso zabo. Isizathu singaphezu kokusobala, ngoba amanani aguquguqukayo angawenza ulahlekelwe yingxenye yezimpahla zakho ngezikhathi ezimbalwa zokuhweba, noma ngasiphi isikhathi. Futhi lokho ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunzima kakhulu ukulandela ukuhlaziywa okulungile kwezobuchwepheshe. Abazange bavame ukukhetha lezi ezinye izindlela ezinikezwe izimakethe zamasheya.
Yini imigomo yakho?
Ukuqonda isu lakho lokutshala imali, ngeke kube khona okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhloso ozilandelayo ezenzweni zakho zansuku zonke. Bazama ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuthola ukusebenza okungenani ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Akumangazi, kepha okungenani ukuthola imali ejwayelekile minyaka yonke. Ukusebenza kwabo kuvame ukuzungeza u-5% noma u-8%kungakhathalekile ukuthi yini abangayithola ngezabelo.
Enye yezinhloso zabo, futhi njengokungajwayelekile, ukuvikela ukonga kwakho ngokukhetha amasheya aqinile, angaqabuki awe ezimakethe zamasheya. Hhayi ngeze, utshalomali lwabo luqondiswe esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside kunesikhathi esifushane. Abahambisani nokungazinzi okuthile kuziphakamiso zabo, ngaphezu kokusebenza okuthile okunengozi enkulu. Kuzoba nezikhathi ezimbalwa kakhulu lapho bevala ukusebenza kwabo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, nangaphansi kweseshini efanayo yemakethe yamasheya.
Futhi abahambisani nokungena ezimakethe abangazazi kangako, futhi okuvame ukuqondana nalabo abangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Kukhawulelwe, ezimweni eziningi, kuzinkomba zikazwelonke, futhi uma kungabakwa-Ibex 35, kungcono ngezintshisekelo zabo nangamasu adalwe yilaba bantu. Abathandi ukuzama amamodeli amasha wokutshala imali, ngisho nangezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zezimali.
Lokhu kucishe kube yizici eziphawuleka kakhulu zephrofayili ezethulwa yilaba batshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi, nokuthi bayisebenzisa noma kunini ukufeza izinhloso zabo. Ngokucabangela labo abanolaka kakhulu abazama ukwenza imisebenzi ibe nenzuzo ngokushesha okukhulu, nangamanani aphezulu engcuphe, ngokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwamanani abo. Ngamafuphi, izindlela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele zokuqonda ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya.
Yini abayitholayo ekusebenzeni kwabo?
Abatshalizimali abalondoloze ngokwengeziwe banendlela ehlukile yokuhambisa imali abayongele izimakethe zezimali. Futhi ukuthi kugxile ekufinyeleleni izinhloso ezisezingeni eliphansi ezibavumela, kancane kancane, ukuthi bandise izimpahla zabo. Kulula ukuthi uyicabangele uma kwenzeka ufuna ukulingisa leli qhinga kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
- Ukuphepha kuhlala kunqoba ngaphezu kwenzuzo, ngoba injongo yayo esondele kakhulu konga imali esekuneminyaka eminingi zanqwabelana, ngisho nasezimpilweni zabo zonke, njengakwisimo sabatshalizimali abadala.
- Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo abuswa izinketho ezinobungozi obukhuluEsikhundleni salokho, bazama ukubakhawulela cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho bebeka imali yabo khona. Akumangalisi ukuthi bavame ukwenza kube semthethweni ukusebenza kwalezi zici, futhi ikakhulu ngasikhathi sinye.
- Banohlu olunqunyelwe kakhulu lwamanani axhumene nawo imikhakha ethize kakhulu yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain: amabhange, imigwaqo emikhulu, izinkampani zokwakha, futhi ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezixhumene nomsebenzi wamandla.
- Kuzikhundla zabo zokutshala imali kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthola izibambiso ezisabalalisa isabelo esikhulu minyaka yonke, ngaphezu kwe-5%. Futhi kwenzani kubo? yakha imali engenayo engaguquki kokuguquguqukayo, kodwa ngezimbuyiselo eziphakeme kuneminye imikhiqizo yasebhange ehlobene nokonga.
- Njalo sisebenzise izimo ezinhle kakhulu izimakethe zezimali, futhi bathambekele ekuhlaleni eceleni lapho ukungaqiniseki kuthatha izinkomba zabo ezinkulu. Baphephile, njengoba besho kuma-stock exchange.
- Abanazo izifiso ezeqile lapho bebeka izinhloso zabo, futhi ngokuthola ngaphezulu nje kuka-5% bazizwa benganelisekile ngokwenziwa kwabo. Ngamafuphi, abangafuni ukulahlekelwa yi-euro eyodwa esikhwameni sabo sokonga.
Yiziphi izinhloso ezifinyelelwa abatshalizimali abalondolozayo?
Into ehluke kakhulu izinhloso abaziphishekelayo, futhi enye imigomo abayifezayo kutshalo-mali lwabo. Isikhathi esiningi iyafana, kepha akudingeki ukuthi ibe njalo. Imvamisa, ukuvela kwezimakethe zezimali okunquma lokhu kuhlukahluka, noma ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kungaba eminye yemiphumela ekutshalweni kwakho kwemali.
Ukubuyiselwa okumaphakathi kokusebenza enzelwe isikhathi esiphakathi noma eside, esisekelwa ngisho nokukhokhwa kwezabelo minyaka yonke. Ukuqinisa ibhalansi yama-akhawunti akho wokuhlola, futhi kwezinye izimo ngamandla athile.
Nciphisa ukulahleka okungaba khona lokho kungakhiqizwa kusuka ezikhundleni zabo, zombili ekukhetheni amanani, nasemasu abajwayele ukuwasebenzisa kwasekuqaleni.
Ngokungazibekeli izinhloso zokuvelela, lapho bevala ukusebenza kwabo ezimakethe, izinzuzo ezinkulu, azimangazi nakancane, kepha kusebenza kuphela ukukhokhela i-whim encane, akukho okunye.
Imvamisa bahlanganisa lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwemali neminye imikhiqizo yasebhange ukusika okuzivikela ngokwengeziwe, njengefomula yokulondoloza imali oyongile, ngisho nangezikhathi eziwusizo kakhulu zamasheya.
I-akhawunti yamanje yalaba bantu ivame ukukhula minyaka yonkeYize bengeke neze bacebe ngale ndlela. Kunoma ikuphi, kuzoba yibhonasi eyengeziwe abazodinga ukuxazulula izinkinga zabo zokukhokha.
Kunzima kubo ukucabanga ngokulahleka lapho behamba, futhi uma kukhona ezincane. Kungenxa yokuthi abanankinga enkulu yokuvala izikhundla zabo. Bangathatha ngisho neminyaka eminingana ngokutshalwa kwemali okufanayo.
Njengoba laba ngokuvamile kungabantu abanesikhwama sokonga esinamandla kakhulu, abakwakhayo kuyindlela yamasu yenyuse ngokulinganisela, nangaphandle kokucabanga izingozi ezinye izigaba zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abazothatha, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinolaka kakhulu.