Izimali zokutshala imali zibe enye yezinsimbi ezithandwayo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye zinenzuzo enkulu, ukuthi abasindisi baseSpain kumele benze imali yabo abayongayo. Futhi lapho kuzodingeka ukukhumbula amakhomishini alethwa yile mikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngoba bangaba ngaphezu kweyodwa, futhi kulula ukuthi ubazi ngaphambi kokwenza izinkontileka zabo ngokusemthethweni. Kungenzeka nokuthi uzuze ukonga okukhulu uma ukhetha imali ebiza kakhulu kulezi zinkokhelo.
Njengoba kungumkhiqizo ohloselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali, owaziwa kakhulu emindenini yaseSpain, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlaziywe izindleko ezibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwawo. Ngandlela thile bathathe indawo yemikhiqizo yendabuko engaguquki (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso zasebhange, amabhondi, njll.), okunikeza imbuyiselo encane, cishe u-0,50%, njengomphumela wentengo eshibhile yemali ekhishwe iziphathimandla zezimali zomphakathi.
Umphumela walesi silinganiso semali ube nomthelela enanini elikhulayo labasindisa imali abakhetha le modeli yotshalo-mali. Ngokuhlukahluka kwayo okuningi: imali engenayo engaguquki, izimali eziguqukayo, ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nezinye izindlela. Kunokunikezwa okubanzi ongakhetha kukho, okuhlanganisa cishe yonke impahla yezezimali etholakala ezimakethe. Yize mhlawumbe okwamanje okukuthakazelisa kakhulu izindleko ezitholwe ekuqashweni kwabo. Ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa eziningi amakhomishana eyenziwe yile mikhiqizo.
Baphethe amakhomishini amaningi
Ngokungafani nokutshalwa kwemali emakethe yamasheya, kulo mkhiqizo akukho khomishini eyodwa kepha eziningana, futhi ezinemvelo ehlukile, njengoba ubona kulesi sihloko. Lokho kuzoncika esikhwameni sokutshala imali osikhethile ukwenza iphothifoliyo yakho. Ngokufanayo, amaphesenti abo ngeke afane ngaso sonke isikhathi, akunjalo, kepha azohluka ngokuya ngezinkampani zabaphathi ezizenzayo, futhi ngandlela thize nakumodeli yokutshala imali. Ngenjwayelo amakhomishini ezimali zokulingana abiza kakhulu kunalawo asuselwe kokuhleliwe.
Umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ufinyelela ezingeni lokuthi wena ngokwakho uzokwazi ukwenza amasu angaphezu kwelilodwa okonga okuhlose ukuqasha izimali ezishibhile. Ithiphu yohlelo lokusebenza ewusizo kakhulu ukuthi, phakathi kwezimali ezimbili zokutshala imali ezinezici ezifanayo, kufanele ukhethe ifomethi efaka amakhomishini abanzi kakhulu. Kungani ukhokha ngokweqile? Okuhlangenwe nakho kuphela kulesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezezimali okuzokusiza ukuthi wakhe inqubomgomo elungile kakhulu yokuqukatha izindleko.
Ngaphandle kokuthi kunamazinga ehlukene ekuqashweni kwabo, akusetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kufanele uhlale ukukhumbula njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela inkontileka (noma izincwajana zayo zolwazi) lapho amakhomishini afakiwe, nenani lawo, azocaciswa kahle. Ngokuvamile ububanzi obuphakathi kuka-0,40% no-2%, yize kuzoncika kumamodeli ngamunye, nakucebo lezinkampani zokuphatha. Ngalo mqondo, banenkululeko ethile yokusebenzisa amakhomishini abo, inqobo nje uma bengadluli ama-maximum alawulwayo.
Mangaki amakhomishini ongawakhokha?
Impela uyazibuza ngenani lamakhomishini angabanjwa yile mikhiqizo yokonga. Ngeke babe njengasemisebenzini yendabuko yemakethe yamasheya, lapho uzokhokhiswa kuphela ukuthenga nokuthengisa ukusebenza ezimakethe. Ngokwezezimali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isithombe siyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yohlobo lomkhiqizo okukhulunywa ngawo.
Amakhomishini amakhulu ongawathola kulezi zinhlobo yilawa ukuphathwa, idiphozi, ukubuyiselwa kwemali, ukusatshalaliswa noma ukubhaliswa. Yize kuzodingeka ukuqhubeka nokugcizelela ukuthi akuzona zonke ezihlale zisebenza. Kuzodingeka ukuhamba icala necala, ukuze usiqonde kahle isakhiwo saso esihlobene nezindleko. Futhi uma kungenzeka, zama ukuthola imali ebekiwe njalo lapho uya khona ukutshala imali oyilondolozile kunoma yiziphi izimali zokutshala imali.
- Ikhomishini Yezokuphatha: kuzoba yizindleko ezidingekayo, noma ngabe yisiphi isikhwama osibhalisayo, futhi kuyizindleko umphathi azokukhokhisa ngazo ngokuphatha amasheya owatholile kutshalomali lwakho. Inani laso lincike esikhwameni esikhokhelwayo, kepha ngamaphesenti aphezulu angeke adlule ku-2%. Ezimalini zikazwelonke, noma kunjalo, izindleko zivame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-1%.
- Imali yediphozithi: kungenye yezinkokhelo ezivela njalo kule mikhiqizo yezezimali, kepha ngokungafani nemodeli yangaphambilini, ayethulwa njalo. Noma kunjalo, imida yabo yokulamula ihamba ngaphansi kwemingcele efanayo nakukhomishini yangaphambilini.
Izindleko zokuzikhethela
Kusukela manje kunezinye izinhlobo zamakhomishini ezingabonakali njalo, kunzima kakhulu nokuthi zifakwe esigatshaneni sesivumelwano. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele ubazi uma kwenzeka wenza isikhwama sibe semthethweni esihlanganisa lezi zindleko nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Futhi yibo abenza ukwenziwa kwenkontileka yale mikhiqizo yezezimali kubize kakhulu, futhi phakathi kwalokhu okulandelayo kugqame, abanye banelukuluku lokwazi ngempela.
Ngokuyisisekelo kumayelana ne- imali yokubhalisa, yokuhlenga noma yokusabalalisa. Futhi zifakiwe, kuya ngenqubo yokuqasha. Avamile kakhulu, futhi kuyaqabukela kweqe isithiyo esingu-1,50%. Kodwa-ke, yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu kubo ukuthi zithinte ukuncipha kwenzuzo etholakala ezikhwameni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzikhwama ezivame kakhulu: imali noma imali engaguquki, akuvamile ukuvela.
Njengokusha eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuvele ikhomishini entsha ebizwa izinkampani zokuphatha njenge wempumelelo. Futhi inani lalo lingafinyelela ku-20%. Ufunde iphesenti kahle, kepha ukuze ukuqonde kuzodingeka unake ukuthi ikhula kanjani. Kuyizinga elizokhokhiswa kuphela uma utshalomali lwakho luthuthukiswa ngenzuzo eqinile. Uma lokhu kungenjalo, ungakhathazeki, ngoba ngeke bakukhokhise nge-akhawunti, futhi izindleko zalo zizolingana no-zero.
Kuyisu elikhetheke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano ukunikeza ukuzethemba kubatshalizimali abancane, ngemuva kwamaqhubu ahlupheke ngezimali ezithile ngonyaka owedlule, lapho amasheya abo ehle cishe ngo-10%. Ngokwenziwa kwalolu hlelo lwamaholo zama ukukhiqiza ukuphepha okukhulu phakathi kwamakhasimende, futhi ubameme ukuthi babhalisele amasheya abo.
Ungazihlela kanjani izindleko?
Kunesinye futhi isici okufanele usicabangele ukwenza le nqubo yokuqasha ecishe ilunge, futhi lapho uzohlala ungayazi inqubo yayo. Okokuqala, izimali zokuphatha (kanye nediphozithi), azikhokhiswa i-akhawunti njengoba ubukholwa. Vele akunjalo, kepha kunalokho, behliselwa izaphulelo ngqo kwizilinganiso zabo. Woza, ngamanye amagama, ngeke zithinte ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho, noma ukuvela kwezimali zokutshala imali.
Abanye, kunalokho, zisetshenziswa kumafa atholakele, futhi imelela izindleko ezinzima kakhulu ukuqukatha. Futhi ngokuvamile zimelwe amakhomishini wokuzikhethela. Kuphela lapho uzoqondisa khona ukusebenza kwakho esikhathini eside, cishe eminyakeni emihlanu ngokwesilinganiso, lapho le misebenzi ingaba nenzuzo.
Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele lapho usayina i isikhwama sokutshala imali ngohlobo lwemali ngaphandle kwe-euro. Futhi kulokhu kulokhu kucatshangelwa ikhomishini yokushintshaniswa kwemali. Lokhu kuhamba kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma uqinisekile ukuthi kungumkhiqizo ofanele kakhulu ukwenza ukonga kwakho impilo kube nenzuzo.
Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ufuna ukwengeza ukusebenza ngokugcina kakhulu ngenkathi uqukethe izindleko, kunamasu athile azosiza ukufeza izinhloso ngempumelelo enkulu. Enye yazo ukukhetha indlela ye- izimali ezivela ebhange uqobo lapho une-akhawunti yezokuphepha ivuliwe. Zithengeka kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile amakhomishini abo ancipha kakhulu.
Ngokunjalo, izimali ezisuselwa kuzimpahla zezezimali, zombili ezivela emholweni ongaguquguquki futhi oguquguqukayo, zithengiswa ngamanani athwala kakhulu ezithakazelo zakho. Akumangalisi ukuthi ungathola nokuthi bahamba ngaphansi kwamamaki amancane. Futhi nalawo wemali engaguquki ashibhile kunalawo asuselwa ezimakethe zamasheya, ikakhulukazi asafufusa noma ezinye izindawo ezingajwayelekile kangako.
Kufanele wazi futhi ukuthi izinkampani zokuphatha zingaba nenkululeko ephelele yokulinganisa amakhomishini ale mikhiqizo yezezimali, njalo ngaphansi komkhawulo omkhulu. Uma ukhetha amamodeli anwebekayo, ngeke ukwazi ukugxeka nakancane umphathi, njengoba ikulungelo lakho eligcwele. Ngenye indlela, uzokhetha amanye amamodeli angahlawuliswa kakhulu ngalezi zindleko, kodwa okuthe xaxa.
Amasu okunciphisa izindleko
Uma ungafuni ukuba nezimanga ezeqile, noma ngabe ubhalise isikhwama sokutshala imali, iseluleko esihle kakhulu Kuqukethe ukuthi ufunde izimo zabo ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokuzenza zibe semthethweni. Njengomphumela waleli su, uzokwazi ukufinyelela amafomethi ngamakhomishini athe xaxa emakethe. Futhi ngaphandle kokunciphisa noma yiliphi izinga lokuncintisana kumkhiqizo.
- Hhayi ngoba ukhokha amakhomishini abiza kakhulu kusho ukuthi isikhwama sinenzuzo enkulu. Vele cha, kepha kuzoncika ekwakhiweni kwephothifoliyo yakho, futhi nakanjani ngokuvela kwezimakethe zezimali.
- Njengoba umkhiqizo wokonga uba yinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zekhomishini yazo nazo ziyehla, zize zifinyelele ebangeni eliphansi elisetshenziswayo ezimakethe. Akuwona umbuzo wokweqiwa kulezi zindleko, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho nokwandisa ukukhetha.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kokucabanga kwakho, kuyizimali ezinamakhomishini ashibhe kakhulu athola imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ngisho nangembuyiselo ephezulu yonyaka. Hhayi ize, imayelana nokuthola umkhiqizo ohlangabezana nezilindelo zakho njengesilondolozi, futhi lokho kufanelana nephrofayili yakho.